硫氧混合型铜矿中Cu及伴生Au,Ag的综合回收
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摘要
对国外某铜矿的性质及其影响进行了测试与分析,结果表明,矿石含Cu1.78%,次生硫化铜占有率达18.54%,铜氧化率达28.09%,属硫氧混合型铜矿,回收时应注意防止次生硫化铜的危害,并注重活化与强化捕收研究;黄铁矿含量较高,如何避免黄铁矿被同步捕收、实现铜硫分离,将是综合回收的一个重要难题,这也要求在强化捕收的同时,还应注重捕收剂选择性的提高;矿石中含有较多的易泥化脉石矿物,应注意磨矿过程的合理调控,同时加强矿泥分散;伴生金银主要以粒间和包裹形式存在,且与铜矿物关系密切,有利于在选铜中富集回收,综合回收时应考虑其特殊性,注重强化捕收研究。针对矿石的性质特点,提出了Na_2S屏蔽和消除次生Cu~(2+)、合理调控磨矿细度、联合分散与协同活化、低碱度无石灰浮选、酯类捕收剂混合使用的方案,并考察了方案中各因素的影响,结果表明:磨矿细度调控为-74μm占80%较为合理;Na_2S用量1500 g·t~(-1)、(NH4)2SO4与Na_2S用量之比1∶1时效果最好;酯-205用量100 g·t~(-1),乙氧基羰基硫逐氨基甲酸酯(ECTC)与酯-205按1∶2混合为佳。最终,在最佳条件下,采用"一粗-二精-一扫"硫氧混选工艺,可很好地实现矿石中铜及伴生金银的综合回收。
The properties of a certain foreign ore and its influence were tested and analyzed. The results presented that this ore,with Cu content of 1. 78%,occupancy of secondary copper sulphide of 18. 54% and Cu oxidation rate of 28. 09%,belonged to a type of mixed sulphide-oxide copper ore,and it was necessary to preclude the disadvantage brought by secondary copper sulphide and lay great stress on activation and strengthening collection researches; in the light of high content of pyrite in ore,how to prevent the pyrite from being collected simultaneously and realize the copper-sulfur separation would be an important difficulty for comprehensive recovery,which required increasing selectivity of collectors while strengthening collection; great amount of easily-mudding gangue minerals was embodied in ore,thus it was of great importance to control the grinding process rationally and enhance the dispersion of slime; associated gold-silver largely occurred in intergranular form and inclusion form,and closely related with copper mineral,thus making it possible to be enriched and recovered in copper concentrate. Then,according to properties of the ore,an innovative solution was proposed as "using Na_2 S to conceal and eliminate secondary Cu~(2+),rationally controlling grinding fineness,combined dispersion and synergistic activation,low alkalinity flotation without lime,and mixed use of ester-collector",and effects of various factors of the solution were investigated. The results showed that it was reasonable to adjust the grinding fineness to-74 μm accounting for 80%; the optimal effect was obtained when the Na_2 S dosage was of 1500 g·t~(-1)and the dosage ratio of( NH4)2SO4to Na_2 S was of 1 ∶ 1; it was advisable to choose the ester-205 dosage as 100 g·t~(-1)and optimal dosage ration of ECTC to ester-205 as 1∶ 2 under mixed using. Finally,under the optimum conditions,the comprehensive recovery of copper and associated gold-silver from the ore was successful realized by adopting a process of sulphide and oxide bulk flotation consisting of one roughing,two cleanings and one scavenging.
The properties of a certain foreign ore and its influence were tested and analyzed. The results presented that this ore,with Cu content of 1. 78%,occupancy of secondary copper sulphide of 18. 54% and Cu oxidation rate of 28. 09%,belonged to a type of mixed sulphide-oxide copper ore,and it was necessary to preclude the disadvantage brought by secondary copper sulphide and lay great stress on activation and strengthening collection researches; in the light of high content of pyrite in ore,how to prevent the pyrite from being collected simultaneously and realize the copper-sulfur separation would be an important difficulty for comprehensive recovery,which required increasing selectivity of collectors while strengthening collection; great amount of easily-mudding gangue minerals was embodied in ore,thus it was of great importance to control the grinding process rationally and enhance the dispersion of slime; associated gold-silver largely occurred in intergranular form and inclusion form,and closely related with copper mineral,thus making it possible to be enriched and recovered in copper concentrate. Then,according to properties of the ore,an innovative solution was proposed as "using Na_2 S to conceal and eliminate secondary Cu~(2+),rationally controlling grinding fineness,combined dispersion and synergistic activation,low alkalinity flotation without lime,and mixed use of ester-collector",and effects of various factors of the solution were investigated. The results showed that it was reasonable to adjust the grinding fineness to-74 μm accounting for 80%; the optimal effect was obtained when the Na_2 S dosage was of 1500 g·t~(-1)and the dosage ratio of( NH4)2SO4to Na_2 S was of 1 ∶ 1; it was advisable to choose the ester-205 dosage as 100 g·t~(-1)and optimal dosage ration of ECTC to ester-205 as 1∶ 2 under mixed using. Finally,under the optimum conditions,the comprehensive recovery of copper and associated gold-silver from the ore was successful realized by adopting a process of sulphide and oxide bulk flotation consisting of one roughing,two cleanings and one scavenging.
引文
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[13]Agorhom E A,Lem J P,Skinner W,Wang Z.Challenges and opportunities in the recovery/rejection of trace elements in copper flotation—a review[J].Minerals Engineering,2015,78:45.
[14]Srdjan M Bulatovic.Wei M A Transtation.Handbook of Flotation Reagents[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2014.3.(斯尔詹M布拉托维奇.魏明安译.浮选药剂手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2014.3.)
[15]Zhu J G,Zhou Y H,Zhou J.The development of flotation reagents in 2013[J].Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources,2014,(2):1.(朱建光,周艳红,周菁.2013年浮选药剂的进展[J].矿产综合利用,2014,(2):1.)
[2]Cai L,Sun C Q,Sun C L.Comprehensive Recovery of Associated Gold and Silver[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,1999.92.(蔡玲,孙长泉,孙成林.伴生金银综合回收[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1999.92.)
[3]Chryssoulis S L.Using mineralogy to optimize gold recovery by flotation[J].Journal of Metals,2009,53(12):48.
[4]Huang X M,Li G B,Hu L,Su Y.Research progress and prospect of extracting silver[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2015,39(3):268.(黄晓梅,李国斌,胡亮,苏毅.银的提取研究进展及前景展望[J].稀有金属,2015,39(3):268.)
[5]Lee K,Archibald D,Mc Lean J,Reuter M A.Flotation of mixed copper oxide and sulphide minerals with xanthate and hydroxamate collectors[J].Minerals Engineering,2009,22(4):395.
[6]Allan G C,Woodcock J T.A review of the flotation of native gold and electrum[J].Minerals Engineering,2001,145(9):931.
[7]Das B,Mohanty J,Misra V N.Studies on the application of LIX-84 in the flotation of mixed oxide-sulphide copper ore[J].World of Metallurgy-ERZMETALL,2005,58(1):15.
[8]Bocharov V A,Ignatkina V A,Lapshina G A,Viduetskij M G,Poltavskaya L M.Study of collectors for mineral flotation of gold-bearing ores[J].Tsvetnye Metally,2005,(1):12.
[9]Agorhom Eric A,Skinner W,Zanin M.Influence of gold mineralogy on its flotation recovery in a porphyry copper-gold ore[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2013,99:127.
[10]Yu C,Du X,Zhao H L,Qiu Y W.Experimental study on sulphide and oxide bulk flotation of mixed copper ore containing molybdenum in Tibet[J].Nonferrous Metals(Mineral Processing),2011,(4):11.(余成,杜新,赵华伦,邱允武.西藏某含钼混合铜矿硫氧混选工艺试验研究[J].有色金属(选矿部分),2011,(4):11.)
[11]Jia F M,Wang L X,Ren D P.Study on the beneficiation of a sulfide-oxidized copper ore in Inner Mongolia[J].Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources,2012,(1):22.(贾凤梅,王林祥,任大鹏.内蒙古某氧硫混合铜矿选矿试验研究[J].矿产保护与利用,2012,(1):22.)
[12]Wu P Y,Shi X X.Research on industrial application of improving the recoveries of associated gold and silver by BJ-306[J].Nonferrous Metals(Mineral Processing),2007,(2):45.(武培勇,石先祥.BJ-306提高伴生金银回收率的工业应用研究[J].有色金属(选矿部分),2007,(2):45.)
[13]Agorhom E A,Lem J P,Skinner W,Wang Z.Challenges and opportunities in the recovery/rejection of trace elements in copper flotation—a review[J].Minerals Engineering,2015,78:45.
[14]Srdjan M Bulatovic.Wei M A Transtation.Handbook of Flotation Reagents[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2014.3.(斯尔詹M布拉托维奇.魏明安译.浮选药剂手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2014.3.)
[15]Zhu J G,Zhou Y H,Zhou J.The development of flotation reagents in 2013[J].Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources,2014,(2):1.(朱建光,周艳红,周菁.2013年浮选药剂的进展[J].矿产综合利用,2014,(2):1.)