日本利用SBP数据勘探深海稀土的方法总结
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摘要
大洋海底蕴藏着丰富的稀土矿产资源,然而如何在深海探查清楚这种资源的分布范围成为下一步开发利用的关键。本文阐述了日本在南鸟礁附近采用SBP(浅地层剖面)对富REY软泥的勘探,介绍了方法和效果。通过回声图获得非穿透型(O型)、透明型(T型)和分层型(L型)3种声相特征,对应不同的海底地形特征,并同沉积岩芯样品对比,从而圈出T型富REY软泥区域和层位。由此,确定富REY软泥主要分布在南鸟礁南部和东南部的海底,是未来海洋稀土开发的重点区域。该技术对当今世界海洋稀土勘探是一种有益的补充和应用创新。
The ocean floor is rich in rare earth mineral resources,but how to get the distribution of these resources in the deep sea becomes the key to the next step in exploitation and utilization.This article focuses on the method and effect of Japan's exploration of REY-rich soft mud using SBP(sub-bottom profiling analysis)near South Bird Reef.The profile of the shallow stratigraphic section of the survey is introduced.The three phonograms of non-penetrating(O),transparent(T)and stratified(L)can be obtained by the echo diagram.The corresponding acoustic characteristics correspond to different submarine topographic features and the sedimentary core samples.It is concluded that T-type corresponds to REY-rich soft mud and L-phase represents non-REY-rich semi-oceanic sediments.Thus,according to the distribution of the phonogram,it is concluded that REY-rich slime is mainly distributed in the southern and southeasternseabed of the Minamitorishima EEZ,which is the target district in the future marine REE exploration.Nowadays,SBP should be a benefitial contribution and an applied innovation for marine rare earth exploring in the world.
The ocean floor is rich in rare earth mineral resources,but how to get the distribution of these resources in the deep sea becomes the key to the next step in exploitation and utilization.This article focuses on the method and effect of Japan's exploration of REY-rich soft mud using SBP(sub-bottom profiling analysis)near South Bird Reef.The profile of the shallow stratigraphic section of the survey is introduced.The three phonograms of non-penetrating(O),transparent(T)and stratified(L)can be obtained by the echo diagram.The corresponding acoustic characteristics correspond to different submarine topographic features and the sedimentary core samples.It is concluded that T-type corresponds to REY-rich soft mud and L-phase represents non-REY-rich semi-oceanic sediments.Thus,according to the distribution of the phonogram,it is concluded that REY-rich slime is mainly distributed in the southern and southeasternseabed of the Minamitorishima EEZ,which is the target district in the future marine REE exploration.Nowadays,SBP should be a benefitial contribution and an applied innovation for marine rare earth exploring in the world.
引文
[1]NAKAMURA K,FUJINAGA K,YASUKAWA K,et al.REY-rich mud:a deep-sea mineral resource for rare earths and yttrium[J].Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths,2015,46:79-127.
[2]任江波,姚会强,何高文,等.稀土元素在东太平洋CC区深海泥中的富集特征及机制[J].地学前缘,2015,22(4):200-210.REN Jiangbo,YAO Huiqiang,HE Gaowen,et al.Enrichment mechanism of rare earth elements and yttrium in deep-sea mud of Clarlon-Clipperton region[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2015,22(4):200-211.
[3]任向文,石学法,朱爱美,等.麦哲伦海山群MK海山富钴结壳稀土元素的赋存相态[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2011,41(3):707-714.REN Xiangwen,SHI Xuefa,ZHU Aimei,et al.Existing phase of rare earth elements in co-rich Fe-Mn crusts from Seamount MK of Magellan seamount cluster[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2011,41(3):707-714.
[4]KATO Y,FUJINAGA K,TAKAYA Y,et al.Is deep-sea mud apromising resource for rare-earth elements?[J].Abstracts with Programs,the Society of Resource Geology,2012,62:37.
[5]IIJIMA K,YASUKAWA K,FUJINAGA K,et al.The discovery of extremely REY-rich mud in the western North Pacific Ocean[J].Geochem.Journal,2016,50:1-14.
[6]DAMUTH J E.Echo character of the western equatorial Atlantic floor and its relationship to the dispersal and distribution of terrigenous sediments[J].Marine Geology,1975,18:17-45.
[7]DAMUTH J E.Use of high-frequency(3.5-12kHz)echograms in the study of near-bottom sedimentation processes in the deep-sea:a review[J].Mar.Geol.,1980,38:51-75.
[8]GARCIA-GARCIA A,GARCIA-GIL S,VILAS F.Echo characters and recent sedimentary processes as indicated by highresolution sub-bottom profiling in Ria De Vigo(NW Spain)[J].Geo-Marine Letter,2004,24:32-45.
[9]KUHN G,WEBER M E.Acoustical characterization of sediments by parasound and 3.5kJz systems:related sedimentary processes on the southeastern Weddell Sea continental slope,Antarctica[J].Marine Geology,1993,113:201-207.
[10]TOMINAGA M,SAGER W W.Revised Pacific manomaly geomagnetic polarity time scale[J].Geophys.J.Int.,2010,185:203-232.
[11]BOYDEN J R,MLLER R D,GURNIS M,et al.Next-generation plate-tectonic reconstructions using Gplates[M]∥Geoinformatics.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2011:95-114.
[12]YASUHIRO Kato,KOICHIRO Fujinaga,KENTARO Nakamura,et al.Deep-sea mud in the Pacific ocean as a potential resource for rare-earth elements[J].Nature Geoscience,2011,4(8):535-539.
[13]许东禹,等.大洋矿产地质学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2013:100-129.
[14]刘诗平.我国首次在东南太平洋发现大面积富稀土沉积[EB/OL].https:∥news.sina.cn/2018-04-01/detail-ifysuzhx8208768.d.html?oid=5_hen&vt=4&pos=3.
[15]赵铁虎,张训华,冯京.海底油气渗漏浅表层声学探测技术[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,30(6):149-156.ZHAO Tiehu,ZHANG Xunhua,FENG Jing.Acoustic detection techniques for seabed hydrocarbon seepage[J].Marin Geology&Quaternary Geology,2010,30(6):149-156.
(1)REY是英语Rare-earth elements and yttrium的缩写,即稀土元素和钇元素的合称,是国际学术界一种比较通用的专业术语。
(2)SBP是英语Sub-bottom profiling的缩写,意思是浅层海底剖面分析,在国内又称为浅地层剖面分析,是海洋地质学界新兴的一种专业探测技术。
[2]任江波,姚会强,何高文,等.稀土元素在东太平洋CC区深海泥中的富集特征及机制[J].地学前缘,2015,22(4):200-210.REN Jiangbo,YAO Huiqiang,HE Gaowen,et al.Enrichment mechanism of rare earth elements and yttrium in deep-sea mud of Clarlon-Clipperton region[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2015,22(4):200-211.
[3]任向文,石学法,朱爱美,等.麦哲伦海山群MK海山富钴结壳稀土元素的赋存相态[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2011,41(3):707-714.REN Xiangwen,SHI Xuefa,ZHU Aimei,et al.Existing phase of rare earth elements in co-rich Fe-Mn crusts from Seamount MK of Magellan seamount cluster[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2011,41(3):707-714.
[4]KATO Y,FUJINAGA K,TAKAYA Y,et al.Is deep-sea mud apromising resource for rare-earth elements?[J].Abstracts with Programs,the Society of Resource Geology,2012,62:37.
[5]IIJIMA K,YASUKAWA K,FUJINAGA K,et al.The discovery of extremely REY-rich mud in the western North Pacific Ocean[J].Geochem.Journal,2016,50:1-14.
[6]DAMUTH J E.Echo character of the western equatorial Atlantic floor and its relationship to the dispersal and distribution of terrigenous sediments[J].Marine Geology,1975,18:17-45.
[7]DAMUTH J E.Use of high-frequency(3.5-12kHz)echograms in the study of near-bottom sedimentation processes in the deep-sea:a review[J].Mar.Geol.,1980,38:51-75.
[8]GARCIA-GARCIA A,GARCIA-GIL S,VILAS F.Echo characters and recent sedimentary processes as indicated by highresolution sub-bottom profiling in Ria De Vigo(NW Spain)[J].Geo-Marine Letter,2004,24:32-45.
[9]KUHN G,WEBER M E.Acoustical characterization of sediments by parasound and 3.5kJz systems:related sedimentary processes on the southeastern Weddell Sea continental slope,Antarctica[J].Marine Geology,1993,113:201-207.
[10]TOMINAGA M,SAGER W W.Revised Pacific manomaly geomagnetic polarity time scale[J].Geophys.J.Int.,2010,185:203-232.
[11]BOYDEN J R,MLLER R D,GURNIS M,et al.Next-generation plate-tectonic reconstructions using Gplates[M]∥Geoinformatics.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2011:95-114.
[12]YASUHIRO Kato,KOICHIRO Fujinaga,KENTARO Nakamura,et al.Deep-sea mud in the Pacific ocean as a potential resource for rare-earth elements[J].Nature Geoscience,2011,4(8):535-539.
[13]许东禹,等.大洋矿产地质学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2013:100-129.
[14]刘诗平.我国首次在东南太平洋发现大面积富稀土沉积[EB/OL].https:∥news.sina.cn/2018-04-01/detail-ifysuzhx8208768.d.html?oid=5_hen&vt=4&pos=3.
[15]赵铁虎,张训华,冯京.海底油气渗漏浅表层声学探测技术[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,30(6):149-156.ZHAO Tiehu,ZHANG Xunhua,FENG Jing.Acoustic detection techniques for seabed hydrocarbon seepage[J].Marin Geology&Quaternary Geology,2010,30(6):149-156.
(1)REY是英语Rare-earth elements and yttrium的缩写,即稀土元素和钇元素的合称,是国际学术界一种比较通用的专业术语。
(2)SBP是英语Sub-bottom profiling的缩写,意思是浅层海底剖面分析,在国内又称为浅地层剖面分析,是海洋地质学界新兴的一种专业探测技术。