RWEQ模型中土壤结皮和可蚀性因子的改进和应用
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摘要
[目的]将基于中国土壤粒径分级标准的土壤普查数据应用到RWEQ模型中,旨在解决不同土壤粒径分级标准间土壤质地资料的转换问题。[方法]利用对数正态分布模型进行土壤粒径转换,并探讨该模型在描述内蒙古自治区、吉林省、陕西省等地区土壤粒径分布中的适用情况。[结果]对数正态分布模型能够较好模拟土壤颗粒含量。土壤结皮因子和土壤可蚀性因子高值区均分布于中国北方风沙土区,其次为寒钙土等地。[结论]结皮可降低或增加土壤可蚀性,未来研究的关键在于确定不同气候条件下,引起地表结皮而将土壤风蚀可蚀性降到最低时的降雨量。
[Objective]In order to solve the problems about transferring the existing data of soil texture between different standards,the soil census data based on Chinese soil particle size classification standard were applied to revise the wind erosion equstion model(RWEQ).[Methods]This thesis tried to use the lognormal distributed model to convert the soil particle size and discussed the applicability and feasibility of lognormal distributed model in describing the character of soil particle distribution in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Jilin Province,and Shaanxi Province,etc.[Results]The research result showed that lognormal distributed model can well simulate the content of soil particles.The regions with high soil crust factor and soil erodible fraction are those windy desert region in Northern China,followed by the regions with frigid calcic soils.[Conclusion]Soil crust factor can either decrease or increase erodible fraction in different cases.Determining rainfall amount that soil surface can crust and subsequently minimize the soil wind erodibility in different climate conditions should be the key to the future.
[Objective]In order to solve the problems about transferring the existing data of soil texture between different standards,the soil census data based on Chinese soil particle size classification standard were applied to revise the wind erosion equstion model(RWEQ).[Methods]This thesis tried to use the lognormal distributed model to convert the soil particle size and discussed the applicability and feasibility of lognormal distributed model in describing the character of soil particle distribution in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Jilin Province,and Shaanxi Province,etc.[Results]The research result showed that lognormal distributed model can well simulate the content of soil particles.The regions with high soil crust factor and soil erodible fraction are those windy desert region in Northern China,followed by the regions with frigid calcic soils.[Conclusion]Soil crust factor can either decrease or increase erodible fraction in different cases.Determining rainfall amount that soil surface can crust and subsequently minimize the soil wind erodibility in different climate conditions should be the key to the future.
引文
[1]Belnap J.The world at your feet:desert biological soil crusts[J].Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2003,1(4):181-189.
[2]赵哈林,郭秩瑞,周瑞莲,等.植被覆盖对科尔沁沙地土壤生物结皮及其下层土壤理化特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(7):1657-1663.
[3]Belnap J,Lange O L.Biological Soil Crusts:Structure,Function,and Management[M].New York:Springerverlag,2001.
[4]段争虎,刘新民,屈建军.沙坡头地区土壤结皮形成机理的研究[J].干旱区研究,1996,13(2):31-36.
[5]Zobeck T M.Abrasion of crusted soils:Influence of abrader flux and soil properties[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1991,55(4):1091-1097.
[6]Fryrear D W,Saleh A,Bilbro J D,et al.Revised Wind Erosion Equation(RWEQ)[M].Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Research Unit,Technical Bulletin1,Southern Plains Area Cropping Systems Research Laboratory,USDA-ARS,1998.
[7]Buchan G D,Grewal K S,Robson A B.Improved models of partical-size distribution:An illustration of model comparison techniques[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1993,57(4):901-908.
[8]Crawford J W,Sleeman B D,Young I M.On the relation between number-size distributions and the fractal dimension of aggregates[J].Jounal Soil Science,1993,44(4):555-565.
[9]郭中领,张科利,董建志,等.利用分形理论解决不同土粒分级标准间土壤质地资料的转换问题[J].地理科学,2011,31(10):1254-1260.
[10]Press W H,Teukolsky S A,Vetterling W T,et al.Numerical Recipes in Fortran[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1992.
[11]Skaggs T H,Arya L M,Shouse P J,et al.Estimating particles-size distribution from limited soil texture data[J].Soil Science Society of Journal,2001,65(4):1038-1044.
[12]Zobeck T M,Gill T E,Popham T W.A two-parameter Weibull function to describe airborne dust particle size distribution[J].Earth Surface and Landforms,1999,24(10):943-955.
[13]郭中领.RWEQ模型参数修订及其在中国北方应用研究[D].北京:北京师范大学,2012:59-63.
[14]车涛,戴礼云.中国雪深长时间序列数据集[DB/OL].寒区旱区科学数据中心.2011.doi:10.3972/westdc.001.2014.db.
[15]Dai Liyun,Che Tao,Wang Jian,et al.Snow depth and snow water equivalent estimation from AMSR-E data based on a priori snow characteristics in Xinjiang,China[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2012,127(12):14-29.
[16]Ali S.Soil roughness measurement:Chain method[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1993,48(6):527-529.
[17]Gutman G,Ignatov A.The derivation of the green vegetation fraction from NOAA/AVHRR data for use in numerical weather prediction models[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1998,19(8):1533-1543.
[18]Fryrear D W,Krammes C A,Williamson D L,et al.Computing the wind erodible fraction of soils[J].Journal Soil Water Conservation,1994,49(2):183-188.
[19]Hagen L J,Skidmore E L,Saleh A.Wind erosion:Prediction of aggregate abrasion coefficients[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1992,35(6):1847-1850.
[20]Shangguan Wei,Dai Yongjiu,Liu Baoyuan,et al.A soil particle-size distribution dataset for regional land and climate modelling in China[J].Geoderma,2012,171-172:85-91.
[21]Zobeck T M,Popham T W,Skidmore E L,et al.Aggregate-mean diameter and wind-erodible soil predictions using dry aggregate-size distributions[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2003,67(2):425-436.
[22]Chepil W S.A compact rotary sieve and the importance of dry sieving in physical soil analysis[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1962,26(1):4-6.
[23]Belnap J,Eldridge D.Disturbance and Recovery of Biological Soil Crusts[M]∥Biological Soil Crusts:Structure,Function,and Management.Berlin Heidelberg:Springer,2003:363-383.
[24]Jimenez A,Huber-Sannwald E,Belnap J,et al.Biological soil crusts exhibit a dynamic response to seasonal rain and release from grazing with implications for soil stability[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2009,73(12):1158-1169.
[25]Kurosaki Y,Mikami M.Threshold wind speed for dust emission in east Asia and its seasonal variations[J].Journal of geophysical research,2007,112,D17202,doi:10.1029/2006JD007988.
[26]Zobeck T M,Popham T W.Modification of the wind erosion roughness index by rainfall[J].Soil Tillage Research,1997,42(1/2):47-60.
[2]赵哈林,郭秩瑞,周瑞莲,等.植被覆盖对科尔沁沙地土壤生物结皮及其下层土壤理化特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(7):1657-1663.
[3]Belnap J,Lange O L.Biological Soil Crusts:Structure,Function,and Management[M].New York:Springerverlag,2001.
[4]段争虎,刘新民,屈建军.沙坡头地区土壤结皮形成机理的研究[J].干旱区研究,1996,13(2):31-36.
[5]Zobeck T M.Abrasion of crusted soils:Influence of abrader flux and soil properties[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1991,55(4):1091-1097.
[6]Fryrear D W,Saleh A,Bilbro J D,et al.Revised Wind Erosion Equation(RWEQ)[M].Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Research Unit,Technical Bulletin1,Southern Plains Area Cropping Systems Research Laboratory,USDA-ARS,1998.
[7]Buchan G D,Grewal K S,Robson A B.Improved models of partical-size distribution:An illustration of model comparison techniques[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1993,57(4):901-908.
[8]Crawford J W,Sleeman B D,Young I M.On the relation between number-size distributions and the fractal dimension of aggregates[J].Jounal Soil Science,1993,44(4):555-565.
[9]郭中领,张科利,董建志,等.利用分形理论解决不同土粒分级标准间土壤质地资料的转换问题[J].地理科学,2011,31(10):1254-1260.
[10]Press W H,Teukolsky S A,Vetterling W T,et al.Numerical Recipes in Fortran[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1992.
[11]Skaggs T H,Arya L M,Shouse P J,et al.Estimating particles-size distribution from limited soil texture data[J].Soil Science Society of Journal,2001,65(4):1038-1044.
[12]Zobeck T M,Gill T E,Popham T W.A two-parameter Weibull function to describe airborne dust particle size distribution[J].Earth Surface and Landforms,1999,24(10):943-955.
[13]郭中领.RWEQ模型参数修订及其在中国北方应用研究[D].北京:北京师范大学,2012:59-63.
[14]车涛,戴礼云.中国雪深长时间序列数据集[DB/OL].寒区旱区科学数据中心.2011.doi:10.3972/westdc.001.2014.db.
[15]Dai Liyun,Che Tao,Wang Jian,et al.Snow depth and snow water equivalent estimation from AMSR-E data based on a priori snow characteristics in Xinjiang,China[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2012,127(12):14-29.
[16]Ali S.Soil roughness measurement:Chain method[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1993,48(6):527-529.
[17]Gutman G,Ignatov A.The derivation of the green vegetation fraction from NOAA/AVHRR data for use in numerical weather prediction models[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1998,19(8):1533-1543.
[18]Fryrear D W,Krammes C A,Williamson D L,et al.Computing the wind erodible fraction of soils[J].Journal Soil Water Conservation,1994,49(2):183-188.
[19]Hagen L J,Skidmore E L,Saleh A.Wind erosion:Prediction of aggregate abrasion coefficients[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1992,35(6):1847-1850.
[20]Shangguan Wei,Dai Yongjiu,Liu Baoyuan,et al.A soil particle-size distribution dataset for regional land and climate modelling in China[J].Geoderma,2012,171-172:85-91.
[21]Zobeck T M,Popham T W,Skidmore E L,et al.Aggregate-mean diameter and wind-erodible soil predictions using dry aggregate-size distributions[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2003,67(2):425-436.
[22]Chepil W S.A compact rotary sieve and the importance of dry sieving in physical soil analysis[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1962,26(1):4-6.
[23]Belnap J,Eldridge D.Disturbance and Recovery of Biological Soil Crusts[M]∥Biological Soil Crusts:Structure,Function,and Management.Berlin Heidelberg:Springer,2003:363-383.
[24]Jimenez A,Huber-Sannwald E,Belnap J,et al.Biological soil crusts exhibit a dynamic response to seasonal rain and release from grazing with implications for soil stability[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2009,73(12):1158-1169.
[25]Kurosaki Y,Mikami M.Threshold wind speed for dust emission in east Asia and its seasonal variations[J].Journal of geophysical research,2007,112,D17202,doi:10.1029/2006JD007988.
[26]Zobeck T M,Popham T W.Modification of the wind erosion roughness index by rainfall[J].Soil Tillage Research,1997,42(1/2):47-60.