利用探空资料对对流层-平流层热力结构的分析
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摘要
利用16个探空站近6年的高分辨率探空资料,采用经验正交函数和数值积分等方法,分析了对流层、对流层顶和平流层下层的温度层结特征,主要得出以下结论:①对流层顶温度年变幅最小,对流层上层和平流层下层(包括对流层顶)与对流层中低层具有相反的温度变化趋势.②不同地区对流层顶高度表现为随纬度升高而降低的规律,平均每升高1°对流层顶高度下降44 m,同纬度高原地区对流层顶高度高于平原地区.③各站对流层平均温度总体表现为单峰型结构,与地面温度的季节变化特征相同,只是年较差小于地面.④对流层顶高度与对流层平均温度具有显著的正相关关系,对流层增温时对流层顶高度升高,对流层顶高度主要取决于对流层热力状况.
Having adopted the high resolution radiosonde data from 16 radiosonde stations in the last six years,this paper has studied temperature distribution in troposphere and stratosphere by means of EOF and numerical integration. The results show that: ①tropopause has the least amplitude of variation in temperature,and upper troposphere and lower stratosphere undergo opposite change with mid- low troposphere. ②Height latitude corresponds to low tropopause and plateau section higher than flat area in height of tropopause. ③Average temperature in troposphere presents unimodal structure,and has the same characteristic with ground layer. ④ The height of tropopause has positive correlation with average temperature of troposphere,which depends on the thermal structure of troposphere.
Having adopted the high resolution radiosonde data from 16 radiosonde stations in the last six years,this paper has studied temperature distribution in troposphere and stratosphere by means of EOF and numerical integration. The results show that: ①tropopause has the least amplitude of variation in temperature,and upper troposphere and lower stratosphere undergo opposite change with mid- low troposphere. ②Height latitude corresponds to low tropopause and plateau section higher than flat area in height of tropopause. ③Average temperature in troposphere presents unimodal structure,and has the same characteristic with ground layer. ④ The height of tropopause has positive correlation with average temperature of troposphere,which depends on the thermal structure of troposphere.
引文
[1]吴涧,杨茜,王卫国,等.全球对流层顶温度场演变的气候学特征分析[J].云南大学学报:自然科学版,2006,28(4):323-332.WU J,YANG Q,WANG W G,et al.Statistics of the global tropopause temperature change[J].Journal of Yunnan University:Natural Sciences Edition,2006,28(4):323-332.
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[13]卞建春,王庚辰,陈洪滨,等.2003年12月青藏高原上空出现微型臭氧洞[J].科学通报,2006,51(5):606-609.BIAN J C,WANG G C,CHEN H B,et al.A tiny ozone hole over the qinghai-tibet plateau in December 2003[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2006,51(5):606-609.
[14]邹进上,张降秋,王炳忠.我国对流层顶的时空分布特征及其影响因子[J].气象科学,1989,9(4):417-426.ZOU J S,ZHANG J Q,WANG B Z.The characteristics of temporal and spatial variation of tropopause over China and ITS controlling factors[J].Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,1989,9(4):417-426.
[15]HOSKINS B J.Climate change at cruising altitude[J].Science,2003,301:469-470.
[2]王卫国,樊雯璇,吴涧,等.全球对流层顶气压场和温度场的时空演变结构特征[J].云南大学学报:自然科学版,2006,28(2):127-135.WANG W G,FAN W X,WU J,et al.The structure characteristic of spatial-temporal variation of the global tropopause pressure and temperature[J].Journal of Yunnan University:Natural Sciences Edition,2006,28(2):127-135.
[3]MAXOBEP 3M.对流层顶气候学[M].张贵银,廖寿发,译.北京:气象出版社,1988.MAXOBEP 3M.The tropopause climatology[M].ZHANG G Y,LIAO S F.Translation.Beijing:China Meteorological Press,1988.
[4]杨双艳,周顺武.对流层顶研究回顾[J].气象科技,2010,21(2):145-151.YANG S Y,ZHOU S W.Review of researches on tropopause in recent 30 years[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,2010,21(2):145-151.
[5]中国气象局监测网络司.L波段高空气象探测系统业务操作手册[M].北京:气象出版社,2005.China meteorological administration monitoring network department.Operations handbook of L-band upper-air meteorological sounding system[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2005.
[6]中国气象局.常规高空气象观测业务规范[M].北京:气象出版社,2010.China meteorological administration.specification of upper-air meteorological observation service[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2010.
[7]BEVIS M,BUSINGER S,CHISWELL S,et al.GPS meteorology:mapping zenith wet delays onto precipitable water[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1994,33:379-386.
[8]ASKNE J,NORDIUS H.Estimation of tropospheric dalay for microwaves from surface weather data[J].Radio Science,1987,22(3):379-386.
[9]DUAN J P,BEVIS M,FANG P,et al.GPS meteorology:direct estimation of the absolute value of precipitable water[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1996,35:830-838.
[10]INGOLD T,PETER R,KAMPFER N.Weighted mean tropospheric temperature and transmittance determination at millimeterwave frequencies for ground-based applications[J].Radio Science,1998,33(4):905-918.
[11]王颖,任国玉.中国高空温度变化初步分析[J].气候与环境研究,2005,10(4):780-790.WANG Y,REN G Y.Change in free atmospheric temperature over China during 1961—2004[J].Climatic and Environmental Research,2005,10(4):780-790.
[12]张红雨,周顺武,张国勇,等.1979—2008年华北地区对流层顶高度变化特征[J].气象与环境学报,2011,27(2):8-13.ZHANG H Y,ZHOU S W,ZHANG G Y,et al.Characteristics of variation in tropopause height from 1979 to2008 in North China[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2011,27(2):8-13.
[13]卞建春,王庚辰,陈洪滨,等.2003年12月青藏高原上空出现微型臭氧洞[J].科学通报,2006,51(5):606-609.BIAN J C,WANG G C,CHEN H B,et al.A tiny ozone hole over the qinghai-tibet plateau in December 2003[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2006,51(5):606-609.
[14]邹进上,张降秋,王炳忠.我国对流层顶的时空分布特征及其影响因子[J].气象科学,1989,9(4):417-426.ZOU J S,ZHANG J Q,WANG B Z.The characteristics of temporal and spatial variation of tropopause over China and ITS controlling factors[J].Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,1989,9(4):417-426.
[15]HOSKINS B J.Climate change at cruising altitude[J].Science,2003,301:469-470.