基于探空资料的北京地区大气臭氧垂直分布特征
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摘要
利用2002年9月至2012年12月北京地区臭氧探空资料分析了大气臭氧的垂直分布特征,重点分析了对流层顶附近区域臭氧的季节变化与变率。结果表明:北京地区对流层臭氧的垂直分布主要表现为随高度递增的特征;臭氧的平均浓度夏季最高,冬季最低,春季和秋季相当,各季节的臭氧浓度在不同高度范围内略有差别。在对流层上层至平流层下层(8—15 km),臭氧浓度的垂直分布与平均浓度受对流层顶高度的影响显著。基于对流层顶相对高度坐标的分析表明,对流层顶下方1—3 km高度的臭氧仍保持了对流层臭氧的垂直分布特征;而在对流层顶高度附近,各季节臭氧浓度均随高度显著增加;由于垂直增速有显著的季节差异,导致臭氧平均浓度在对流层顶上方1—3 km出现明显变化。臭氧浓度归一化标准差表明:在对流层低层,大气臭氧浓度的变率在冬季最强,秋季、春季和夏季臭氧浓度的变率依次减弱;在对流层顶附近,大气臭氧浓度的变率在春季最强,冬季、秋季和夏季臭氧浓度的变率依次减弱,其中冬季和春季的强臭氧变率可能与对流层顶附近活跃的大气波动及对流层顶高度的频繁扰动密切联系。
GPSO3ozonesondes have been used to characterize the vertical distribution of atmospheric ozone over Beijing.Based on the ozone sondes data from September of 2002 to December of 2012,seasonal ozone variation and variability near the tropopause level is highlighted.The results indicate that the ozone mixing ratio increases with the altitude through the troposphere in all seasons.Generally,the averaged ozone concentration is the highest in summer and lowest in winter through the troposphere,and it is almost same in spring and autumn.Ozone concentration has a fewdifferences in different height ranges.Vertical distribution and average of ozone concentration in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere(8-15 km) is strongly modulated by the location of the tropopause.Analysis of tropopause-based coordinate suggests that vertical distribution of ozone concentration in the altitudes of 1-3 km under the tropopause is similar to that in the tropopause,while seasonal ozone concentration increases significantly with the heights near the tropopause.Due to increase of ozone concentration with altitude in different seasons,seasonal variation of ozone concentration in the altitudes of 1-3 km above tropopause is quite different from that in the troposphere.Normalized standard deviation of ozone concentration suggests that ozone variability is the highest in winter,followed in autumn,spring and summer in the lower troposphere,while it is the highest in spring,followed in winter,autumn and summer near the tropopause.The strong ozone variability around the tropopause in spring and winter is very likely related to active atmospheric disturbances and tropopause height variation in these seasons.
GPSO3ozonesondes have been used to characterize the vertical distribution of atmospheric ozone over Beijing.Based on the ozone sondes data from September of 2002 to December of 2012,seasonal ozone variation and variability near the tropopause level is highlighted.The results indicate that the ozone mixing ratio increases with the altitude through the troposphere in all seasons.Generally,the averaged ozone concentration is the highest in summer and lowest in winter through the troposphere,and it is almost same in spring and autumn.Ozone concentration has a fewdifferences in different height ranges.Vertical distribution and average of ozone concentration in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere(8-15 km) is strongly modulated by the location of the tropopause.Analysis of tropopause-based coordinate suggests that vertical distribution of ozone concentration in the altitudes of 1-3 km under the tropopause is similar to that in the tropopause,while seasonal ozone concentration increases significantly with the heights near the tropopause.Due to increase of ozone concentration with altitude in different seasons,seasonal variation of ozone concentration in the altitudes of 1-3 km above tropopause is quite different from that in the troposphere.Normalized standard deviation of ozone concentration suggests that ozone variability is the highest in winter,followed in autumn,spring and summer in the lower troposphere,while it is the highest in spring,followed in winter,autumn and summer near the tropopause.The strong ozone variability around the tropopause in spring and winter is very likely related to active atmospheric disturbances and tropopause height variation in these seasons.
引文
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[22]Mcpeters R D,Labow G J,Johnson B J.A satellite-derived ozone climatology for balloonsonde estimation of total column ozone[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102(D7):8875-8885.
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[24]王庚辰,孔琴心,宣越健,等.GPSO3和Vaisala臭氧探空仪平行施放比对结果的初步分析[J].应用气象学报,2004,15(6):672-680.
[2]Reich P B,Amundson A G.Ambient levels of ozone reduce net photosynthesis in tree and crop species[J].Science,1985,230(4725):566-570.
[3]White M C,Etzel R A,Wilcox W D,et al.Exacerbations of childhood asthma and ozone pollution in Atlanta[J].Environmental Research,1994,65(1):56-68.
[4]Ding A J,Wang T,Thouret V,et al.Tropospheric ozone climatology over Beijing:Analysis of aircraft data from the MOZAIC program[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2008,8(1):1-13.
[5]Xu X,Lin W,Wang T,et al.Long-term trend of surface ozone at a regional background station in eastern China1991-2006:Enhanced variability[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2008,8(10):2595-2607.
[6]Junge C E.Global ozone budget and exchange between stratosphere and troposphere[J].Tellus,1962,14(4):363-377.
[7]陈洪滨,卞建春,吕达仁.上对流层—下平流层交换过程研究的进展与展望[J].大气科学,2006,30(5):813-820.
[8]Crutzen P.A discussion of the chemistry of some minor constituents in the stratosphere and troposphere[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1973,106(1):1385-1399.
[9]Chameides W L,Walker J C G.A photochemical theory of tropospheric ozone[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1973,78(36):8751-8760.
[10]周艳明,刘厚凤,吴保庆.边界层臭氧浓度变化特征及相关因子分析[J].气象与环境学报,2008,24(1):63-66.
[11]王庚辰.我国大气臭氧探测技术的进展现状[J].地球科学进展,1991,6(6):31-36.
[12]孔琴心,王庚辰.大气臭氧垂直分布的电化学测量[J].大气科学,1992,16(5):636-640.
[13]王庚辰,孔琴心,宣越健,等.中国大气臭氧探空仪的研制和应用[J].地球科学进展,2003,18(3):471-475.
[14]郑向东,李伟.国产臭氧探空仪观测数据质量分析[J].应用气象学报,2005,16(5):608-618.
[15]宣越健,马舒庆,陈洪滨,等.国产GPSO3与芬兰Vaisala臭氧探空仪的比对试验[J].高原气象,2004,23(3):394-399.
[16]王庚辰,孔琴心,陈洪滨.北京地区对流层顶变化及其对上对流层/下平流层区域臭氧变化的影响[J].大气科学,2006,30(4):587-595.
[17]宗雪梅,王庚辰,陈洪滨,等.北京地区边界层大气臭氧浓度变化特征分析[J].环境科学,2007,28(11):2615-2619.
[18]Wang Y,Konopka P,Liu Y,et al.Tropospheric ozone trend over Beijing from 2002-2010:Ozonesonde measurements and modeling analysis[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2012,12(18):8389-8399.
[19]Bian J,Gettelman A,Chen H,et al.Validation of satellite ozone profile retrievals using Beijing ozonesonde data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2007,112(D6):D06305.
[20]Cortesi U,Lambert J C,De Clercq C,et al.Geophysical validation of MIPAS-ENVISAT operational ozone data[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2007,7(18):4807-4867.
[21]蔡兆男,王永,郑向东,等.利用探空资料验证GOME卫星臭氧数据[J].应用气象学报,2009,20(3):337-345.
[22]Mcpeters R D,Labow G J,Johnson B J.A satellite-derived ozone climatology for balloonsonde estimation of total column ozone[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102(D7):8875-8885.
[23]Logan J A.Trends in the vertical distribution of ozone:An analysis of ozonesonde data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1994,99(D12):25553-25585.
[24]王庚辰,孔琴心,宣越健,等.GPSO3和Vaisala臭氧探空仪平行施放比对结果的初步分析[J].应用气象学报,2004,15(6):672-680.