移出与未移出青藏高原的高原低涡涡源区域的地面加热特征分析
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摘要
利用1998—2016年NCEP/DOE逐日的日平均地面感热通量和地面潜热通量、MICAPS历史天气图资料、青藏高原低涡切变线年鉴,对高原低涡涡源区与高原地面加热特征进行统计分析,对比研究了移出青藏高原的高原涡(移出涡)、未移出青藏高原的高原涡(未移出涡)的涡源与高原地面加热的季节变化特征,及移出涡、未移出涡涡源区的地面加热特征及高原地面加热与低涡生成的相关性。结果表明,高原涡、未移出涡、移出涡的涡源分布季节变化特征相似,由冬到春到夏,初生区域逐渐扩大,由夏到秋到冬正好相反,不同的是移出涡涡源区明显比高原涡、未移出涡小,初生中心位置的季节变化也不同;高原地面感热、地面潜热、地面热源分布的季节变化特征相似,由冬到春到夏经历了明显增强的过程,由夏到秋到冬经历了减弱的过程,不同的是热源的快速增强、减弱程度及其发生季节差异大,地面潜热由春到夏增强特别明显,这与移出涡生成个数的明显增加相一致;未移出涡、移出涡春、夏、秋季主要涡源区所处的地面热源值域不同,移出涡夏季的值比未移出涡高,移出涡生成对高原区域地面热源依赖要比未移出涡强一些;夏季移出涡、未移出涡的涡源区都处在与高原地面热源正相关区内,它们与地面潜热的显著正相关区比高原地面感热的大,尤其是移出涡,高原地面潜热在高原涡生成中有重要作用,对移出涡生成影响更大。
Using daily average latent heat flux and sensible heat flux of NCEP/DOE reanalysis data,historical weather graphs of MICAPS,and Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau vortex and shear line year books from 1998 to 2016,the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Vortex(QTPV) source regions and characteristics of the Plateau surface land heating were analyzed by statistics methods. The seasonal variation of source regions to Departure Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Vortex(DQTPV) and Non-Departure Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Vortex(NDQTPV) and the Plateau surface land heating were contrastively analyzed. The Plateau surface land heating characteristics of DQTPV and NDQTPV and the relationship between the generation of QTPV with the surface land heating were also analyzed. The results showthat the seasonal variation of source distribution to QTPV,NDQTPV and DQTPV are similar from winter-to-spring-to-summer,along with the source generation area gradually expands. And in summer-to-autumnto-winter phase,it just has the opposite variation mode,and the DQPTV has obviously smaller area than the QTPV and NDQTPV. And the seasonal variation of QTPV 's generation center location are different to QTPV,DQTPV and NDQTPV. Second,the seasonal variations of the surface land sensible heat,the surface land latent heat and the surface land heat sources in distribution are similar. In winter-to-spring-to-summer they are all clearly strengthening and are weakened in summer-to-autumn-to-winter. And the rapid enhancement,the attenuation of heat sources and their seasonal variation had big difference in two stages. The surface latent heat is especially strengthened in spring to summer,which is highly consistent with the obvious increase numbers of the DQTPVs.Third,the value range of surface land heating to DQTPV and NDQTPV are different in Spring,Summer and Autumn,and the value of DQTPV is higher than NDQTPV's in Summer. The reliance of DQTPV to surface land heating is stronger than that of the NDQTPV. Fourth,the source regions of DQTPV and NDQTPV locate in positive correlation area with the Plateau surface land heating. And their obvious positive correlation area is bigger with the surface land latent heat than that with the sensible heat,which is especially clear in DQTPV. The surface latent heat has vital role in generation of QTPV,with more important influence to the generation of DQTPV.
Using daily average latent heat flux and sensible heat flux of NCEP/DOE reanalysis data,historical weather graphs of MICAPS,and Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau vortex and shear line year books from 1998 to 2016,the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Vortex(QTPV) source regions and characteristics of the Plateau surface land heating were analyzed by statistics methods. The seasonal variation of source regions to Departure Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Vortex(DQTPV) and Non-Departure Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Vortex(NDQTPV) and the Plateau surface land heating were contrastively analyzed. The Plateau surface land heating characteristics of DQTPV and NDQTPV and the relationship between the generation of QTPV with the surface land heating were also analyzed. The results showthat the seasonal variation of source distribution to QTPV,NDQTPV and DQTPV are similar from winter-to-spring-to-summer,along with the source generation area gradually expands. And in summer-to-autumnto-winter phase,it just has the opposite variation mode,and the DQPTV has obviously smaller area than the QTPV and NDQTPV. And the seasonal variation of QTPV 's generation center location are different to QTPV,DQTPV and NDQTPV. Second,the seasonal variations of the surface land sensible heat,the surface land latent heat and the surface land heat sources in distribution are similar. In winter-to-spring-to-summer they are all clearly strengthening and are weakened in summer-to-autumn-to-winter. And the rapid enhancement,the attenuation of heat sources and their seasonal variation had big difference in two stages. The surface latent heat is especially strengthened in spring to summer,which is highly consistent with the obvious increase numbers of the DQTPVs.Third,the value range of surface land heating to DQTPV and NDQTPV are different in Spring,Summer and Autumn,and the value of DQTPV is higher than NDQTPV's in Summer. The reliance of DQTPV to surface land heating is stronger than that of the NDQTPV. Fourth,the source regions of DQTPV and NDQTPV locate in positive correlation area with the Plateau surface land heating. And their obvious positive correlation area is bigger with the surface land latent heat than that with the sensible heat,which is especially clear in DQTPV. The surface latent heat has vital role in generation of QTPV,with more important influence to the generation of DQTPV.
引文
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白玛央宗,奚凤,扎西央宗,2016.青藏高原地面感热异常对西北地区东部夏季降水的影响[J].高原山地气象研究,36(2):17-22.
陈贝,高文良,2015.引发四川盆地西南地区暴雨的高原涡特征分析[J].高原山地气象研究,35(1):9-15.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-2184.2015.01.002.
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丁一汇,1993.1991年江淮流域持续性特大暴雨研究[M].北京:气象出版社,113-128.
范思睿,范广洲,董一平,等,2011.青藏高原四季划分方法探讨[J].高原山地气象研究,31(2):1-11.
何光碧,高文良,屠妮妮,2009.两次高原低涡东移特征及发展机制动力诊断[J].气象学报,67(4):599-612.DOI:10.11676/qxxb2009.060.
李国平,卢会国.黄楚惠,等,2016.青藏高原夏季地面热源的气候特征及其对高原低涡生成的影响.大气科学,40(1):131-141.
李跃清,郁淑华,彭骏,等,2012.高原低涡切变线年鉴(2005)[M].北京:科学出版社,1-265.
刘新超,陈永仁,2014.两次高原涡与西南涡作用下的暴雨过程对比分析[J].高原山地气象研究,34(1):1-7.
刘云丰,李国平,2016.夏季高原大气热源的气候特征以及与高原低涡生成的关系[J].大气科学,40(4):864-876.
吕君宁,钱正安,单扶民,等,1984.夏季青藏高原低涡的综合结构[M]//青藏高原气象科学实验文集(二).北京:科学出版社,195-205.
罗四维,杨洋,1992a.一次青藏高原夏季低涡的数值模拟研究[J].高原气象,11(1):39-48.
罗四维,1992b.青藏高原及其邻近地区几类天气系统的研究[M].北京:气象出版社,7-55.
罗雄,李国平,2018.一次高原切变线过程的数值模拟与阶段性结构特征[J].高原气象,37(2):406-419.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2017.00046.
钱正安,单扶民,吕君宁,等,1984.1979年夏季青藏高原低涡的统计分析及产生的气候因子探讨[M]//青藏高原气象科学实验文集(二).北京:科学出版社,182-194.
钱正安,蔡英,宋敏红,等,2018.中国西北旱区暴雨水汽输送研究进展[J].高原气象,37(3):577-590.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2018.00032.
秦宏德,崔岫敏,1984.1979年青藏高原那曲地区一次低涡降水过程的回波分析[M]//青藏高原气象科学实验文集(二).北京:科学出版社,206-214.
宋雯雯,李国平,唐钱奎,2012.加热和水汽对两例高原低涡影响的数值试验[J].大气科学,36(1):117-129.DOI:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2012.01.10.
田珊儒,段安民,王子谦,等,2015.地面加热与高原低涡和对流系统相互作用的一次个例研究[J].大气科学,39(1):125-136.
肖递祥,郁淑华,屠妮妮,2016.高原低涡移出高原后持续活动的典型个例分析[J].高原气象,35(1):43-54.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00002.
许威杰,张耀存,2017.凝结潜热加热与对流反馈对一次高原低涡过程影响的数值模拟[J].高原气象,36(3):763-775.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00061.
徐裕华,1991.西南气候[M].北京:气象出版社,207-298.
杨颖璨,李跃清,陈永仁,2018.高原低涡东移加深过程的结构分析[J].高原气象,37(3):702-720.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2017.00054.
郁淑华,高文良,2016.高原低涡移出高原后持续的对流层高层环流特征[J].高原气象,35(6):1441-1455.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00026.
张顺利,陶诗言,张庆云,等,2001.1998年夏季中国暴雨洪涝灾害的气象水文特征[J].应用气象学报,12(4):442-457.
Yu S H,Gao W L,P J,et al,2014.Observational facts of sustained departure plateau vortexes[J].Journal of Meteorological Research,28(2):296-307,DOI:10.1007/s13351-014-3023-9.
白玛央宗,奚凤,扎西央宗,2016.青藏高原地面感热异常对西北地区东部夏季降水的影响[J].高原山地气象研究,36(2):17-22.
陈贝,高文良,2015.引发四川盆地西南地区暴雨的高原涡特征分析[J].高原山地气象研究,35(1):9-15.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-2184.2015.01.002.
陈伯民,钱正安,张立盛,1996.夏季青藏高原低涡形成和发展的数值模拟[J].大气科学,20(4):491-502.
丁一汇,1993.1991年江淮流域持续性特大暴雨研究[M].北京:气象出版社,113-128.
范思睿,范广洲,董一平,等,2011.青藏高原四季划分方法探讨[J].高原山地气象研究,31(2):1-11.
何光碧,高文良,屠妮妮,2009.两次高原低涡东移特征及发展机制动力诊断[J].气象学报,67(4):599-612.DOI:10.11676/qxxb2009.060.
李国平,卢会国.黄楚惠,等,2016.青藏高原夏季地面热源的气候特征及其对高原低涡生成的影响.大气科学,40(1):131-141.
李跃清,郁淑华,彭骏,等,2012.高原低涡切变线年鉴(2005)[M].北京:科学出版社,1-265.
刘新超,陈永仁,2014.两次高原涡与西南涡作用下的暴雨过程对比分析[J].高原山地气象研究,34(1):1-7.
刘云丰,李国平,2016.夏季高原大气热源的气候特征以及与高原低涡生成的关系[J].大气科学,40(4):864-876.
吕君宁,钱正安,单扶民,等,1984.夏季青藏高原低涡的综合结构[M]//青藏高原气象科学实验文集(二).北京:科学出版社,195-205.
罗四维,杨洋,1992a.一次青藏高原夏季低涡的数值模拟研究[J].高原气象,11(1):39-48.
罗四维,1992b.青藏高原及其邻近地区几类天气系统的研究[M].北京:气象出版社,7-55.
罗雄,李国平,2018.一次高原切变线过程的数值模拟与阶段性结构特征[J].高原气象,37(2):406-419.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2017.00046.
钱正安,单扶民,吕君宁,等,1984.1979年夏季青藏高原低涡的统计分析及产生的气候因子探讨[M]//青藏高原气象科学实验文集(二).北京:科学出版社,182-194.
钱正安,蔡英,宋敏红,等,2018.中国西北旱区暴雨水汽输送研究进展[J].高原气象,37(3):577-590.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2018.00032.
秦宏德,崔岫敏,1984.1979年青藏高原那曲地区一次低涡降水过程的回波分析[M]//青藏高原气象科学实验文集(二).北京:科学出版社,206-214.
宋雯雯,李国平,唐钱奎,2012.加热和水汽对两例高原低涡影响的数值试验[J].大气科学,36(1):117-129.DOI:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2012.01.10.
田珊儒,段安民,王子谦,等,2015.地面加热与高原低涡和对流系统相互作用的一次个例研究[J].大气科学,39(1):125-136.
肖递祥,郁淑华,屠妮妮,2016.高原低涡移出高原后持续活动的典型个例分析[J].高原气象,35(1):43-54.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00002.
许威杰,张耀存,2017.凝结潜热加热与对流反馈对一次高原低涡过程影响的数值模拟[J].高原气象,36(3):763-775.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00061.
徐裕华,1991.西南气候[M].北京:气象出版社,207-298.
杨颖璨,李跃清,陈永仁,2018.高原低涡东移加深过程的结构分析[J].高原气象,37(3):702-720.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2017.00054.
郁淑华,高文良,2016.高原低涡移出高原后持续的对流层高层环流特征[J].高原气象,35(6):1441-1455.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00026.
张顺利,陶诗言,张庆云,等,2001.1998年夏季中国暴雨洪涝灾害的气象水文特征[J].应用气象学报,12(4):442-457.