主轴对流换热系数蜂群计算方法
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摘要
随着对零件加工精度的要求不断提高,确定机械主轴准确的瞬态温度场显得尤为重要。对流换热系数作为温度模型的重要参数,对机械主轴温度场的准确性有着至关重要的影响。传统的确定对流换热系数的方法具有计算精度差,不能适应变化的工况等问题。因此,针对上述问题以170CP06-DM机械主轴性能测试系统为例,首先采用有限元法建立机械主轴的瞬态温度场数学模型,其次提出了一种基于蜂群算法确定对流换热系数的方法。实验结果表明,采用所提建模方法与传统的建模方法相比计算精度有所提高,其中,最大误差、平均误差、均方差的计算精度分别提高了84.13%,83.70%,85.23%。
Along with the requirement of machine products to keep high precision, people pay more attention to the thermal deformation of the mechanical spindle. It is the first to determine the transient temperature field to study the thermal deformation. The convective heat transfer coefficient, as an important parameter of the temperature model, has an important effect on the accuracy of temperature field analysis of the mechanical spindle. Depending on the method of traditional empirical formula of determining the convective heat transfer coefficient has a poor accuracy and is not suitable for changing conditions and other issues. This paper takes 170 CP06-DM mechanical spindle performance test system as an example to solve the above problems. Firstly, set up the transient temperature field mathematical model of the mechanical spindle using the finite element method. Secondly, put forward a method of heat transfer coefficient calculation based on the bee colony algorithm. The experimental results show that, the accuracy of the calculation of the convective heat transfer coefficient is improved by using the method in this paper. Compared with the traditional method, the accuracy of the calculation of the maximum error and mean error and mean square deviation are increased by 84.13 %,83.70 %,85.23 % respectively.
Along with the requirement of machine products to keep high precision, people pay more attention to the thermal deformation of the mechanical spindle. It is the first to determine the transient temperature field to study the thermal deformation. The convective heat transfer coefficient, as an important parameter of the temperature model, has an important effect on the accuracy of temperature field analysis of the mechanical spindle. Depending on the method of traditional empirical formula of determining the convective heat transfer coefficient has a poor accuracy and is not suitable for changing conditions and other issues. This paper takes 170 CP06-DM mechanical spindle performance test system as an example to solve the above problems. Firstly, set up the transient temperature field mathematical model of the mechanical spindle using the finite element method. Secondly, put forward a method of heat transfer coefficient calculation based on the bee colony algorithm. The experimental results show that, the accuracy of the calculation of the convective heat transfer coefficient is improved by using the method in this paper. Compared with the traditional method, the accuracy of the calculation of the maximum error and mean error and mean square deviation are increased by 84.13 %,83.70 %,85.23 % respectively.
引文
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[11]高建民,史晓军,许艾明,等.高速高精度机床热分析与热设计技术[J].中国工程科学,2013,1(12):28-33.Gao J M,Shi X J,Xu A M,et al.Thermal characteristic analysis and thermal design technology for high speed high precision machine tools[J].Engineering Sciences,2013,1(12):28-33.
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[2]阳红,殷国富,方辉.机床有限元热分析中对流换热系数的计算方法研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2011,4(5):241-248.Yang H,Yin G F,Fang H.Study on the calculation method of convection heat transfer coefficient in the finite element analysis of machine tool[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2011,4(5):241-248.
[3]Shan J,Zhi G,Ming L,et al.Analysis on thermal dynamic charateristics of CNC machine tool spindle[J].Tianjin Univ Sci Technol,2013,46(9):846-850.
[4]Zhang Y M,Chen Y,Li H.Temperature field analysis and thermal error testing for CNC machine tool’s headstock,Adv Master Res,889,2014,6(6):316-320.
[5]何文斌,曾攀,张磊,等.基于有限元的400 MN大型模锻压力机温度场分析[J].机械工程学报,2015,2(7):30-36.He W B,Ceng P,Zhang L,et al.Analysis of temperature field in 400MN large die forging press based on finite element method[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,2(7):30-36.
[6]项四通,杨建国,张毅.基于机理分析和热特性基本单元试验的机床主轴热误差建模[J].机械工程学报,2014,11(2):144-152.Xiang S T,Yang J G,Zhang Y.Thermal error modeling of machine tool spindle based on Mechanism Analysis and basic unit test of thermal properties[J].Journal of mechanical engineering,2014,11(2):144-152.
[7]宁爱平,张雪英.人工蜂群算法的收敛性分析[J].控制与决策,2013,10(3):1554-1558.Ning A P,Zhang X Y.The convergence analysis of the artificial bee colony algorithm[J].Control and Decision,2013,10(3):1554-1558.
[8]Ge Y,Liang J,Wang X P,et al.Improved artificial bee colony algorithms for multi-objective continuous optimization problem[J].Computer science,2014,41(6):254-259.
[9]熊伟丽,刘欣,陈敏芳,等.基于差分蜂群算法的无线传感器网络节点分布优化[J].控制工程,2014,6(5):1036-1040.Xiong W L,Liu X,Chen M F,et al.Node distribution optimization of wireless sensor networks based on differential bee colony algorithm[J].Control engineering,2014,6(5):1036-1040.
[10]米肖肖,李宜萱,程军蕊,等.基于ABC算法改进AEA算法的研究及其应用[J].控制工程,2014,6(11):858-862+866.Mi X X,Li Y X,Cheng J R,et al.Research and application of improved AEA algorithm based on ABC algorithm[J].Control Engineering,2014,6(11):858-862+866.
[11]高建民,史晓军,许艾明,等.高速高精度机床热分析与热设计技术[J].中国工程科学,2013,1(12):28-33.Gao J M,Shi X J,Xu A M,et al.Thermal characteristic analysis and thermal design technology for high speed high precision machine tools[J].Engineering Sciences,2013,1(12):28-33.
[12]孟玲霞,杨庆东,韩秋实,等.超精密车削中心热分析边界条件的确定[J].机床与液压,2012,1(9):10-12+33.Meng L X,Yang Q D,Han Q S,et al.Confirm of thermal analysis boundary conditions on high-precise turning center[J].Machine Tool&Hydraulics,2012,1(9):10-12+33.