利用晶体建模实例理解晶体对称元素和对称操作
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摘要
晶体学是材料科学、物理学、化学、矿物学、生物学等诸多学科的先导性学科.在晶体学教学中,4种宏观对称元素和3种微观对称元素是"教"与"学"的重点和难点,它要求学生有较好的立体感和空间想象能力,但大多数教材、课件仍以二维图像的形式进行讲解.本文将利用CrystalMaker晶体学软件通过简单的晶体建模就能实现这些对称元素的随堂演示,课后学生也可以亲自动手练习,有助于学生对晶体对称元素的深入理解.该教学方法已在笔者多年的教学实践中取得较好的反响.
Crystallography plays an important part in a wide range of disciplines,including physics,materials science and technology,chemistry,mineralogy,biology,as well as engineering. Crystal symmetry and symmetric operation require students having the spatial-visualization and imaginary skills,are the keystone and difficulty of the cryptography teaching. To overcome this,in this paper we introduce in some 3D crystal demonstrations based on the CrystalMaker software for the teachers and students,it will make teaching and learning of crystal symmetry much easier.
Crystallography plays an important part in a wide range of disciplines,including physics,materials science and technology,chemistry,mineralogy,biology,as well as engineering. Crystal symmetry and symmetric operation require students having the spatial-visualization and imaginary skills,are the keystone and difficulty of the cryptography teaching. To overcome this,in this paper we introduce in some 3D crystal demonstrations based on the CrystalMaker software for the teachers and students,it will make teaching and learning of crystal symmetry much easier.
引文
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[6]http://wwwba.ic.cnr.it/sites/default/files/abc/abc/abc.htm.
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[9]http://www.crystalmaker.com/crystalmaker
[2]黄孝瑛.材料微观结构的电子显微学分析[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2008:10.
[3]施洪龙,张谷令.X-射线粉末衍射和电子衍射——常用实验技术与数据分析[M].北京:中央民族出版社,2014:20.
[4]Powell R C.Symmetry,group theory,and the physical properties of crystals[M].New York:Springer,2010:10.
[5]钱逸泰.结晶化学导论[M].合肥:中国科技大学出版社,2005:28.
[6]http://wwwba.ic.cnr.it/sites/default/files/abc/abc/abc.htm.
[7]秦善,晶体学基础[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2006:20.
[8]Yoshio W,Eiihiro M,Kozo S.X-ray diffraction crystallography[M].New York:Springer,2011:219.
[9]http://www.crystalmaker.com/crystalmaker