特高压输电线路对邻近对空情报雷达站影响分析与实验研究
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摘要
为了防护特高压输电线路对邻近对空情报雷达站的电磁干扰,分析了雷达阵地对特高压线路的距离要求,提出了特高压线路对雷达波的遮蔽损耗估算模型,在锡盟—山东特高压工程实测了线路带电和不带电时的无线电噪声,并在线路一侧距离线路1 660 m处布置发射天线,线路另一侧20～350 m高度采用多旋翼无人机机载天线和频谱仪接收信号,频率范围80～3 200 MHz,实测线路对电磁波的遮蔽损耗。结果表明:交流特高压线路在80～1 000MHz的无线电噪声与背景值相当,线路带电前后没有明显一致性差异,不会干扰雷达信号接收;特高压线路对电磁波的遮蔽损耗在–5.2～2dB之间,最低导线下方区域损耗为–5.2～2dB,导线遮蔽区域损耗为–2.2～1.8dB,在P波段和经验公式估算接近,最高导线以上区域损耗迅速减小至背景波动,随着频率的增加,遮蔽损耗减小。应根据雷达类型确定特高压线路与雷达站的防护间距,米波雷达由阵地要求和遮蔽角确定防护间距。L和S波段雷达根据天线的仰角保证电磁波不遮蔽来确定防护间距;可通过降低线路高度、提高雷达天线、利用有高程差的有利地形来降低特高压线路对雷达的电磁影响。
To protect the air defense surveillance radar station nearby the electromagnetic interference of UHV transmission lines, according to radar position requirements, we analyzed the distance between UHV transmission lines and air defense surveillance radar station, proposed an estimation model for shielding loss of UHV lines to radar waves. The radio noise of the Ximeng-Shandong UHV project was measured. The transmit antenna was assigned at 1 660 m away from the lines. On the other side of the line, signals were received by antenna and spectrum analyzer carrying by unmanned aerial vehicle from 20～350 m high altitude.Shielding loss of electromagnetic waves by lines was measured at 80～3 200 MHz. The results indicate that the radio noise of AC UHV transmission lines are close to the background at 80～1 000 MHz. There is no obvious consistency difference before and after the transmission lines live state without interfering with radar reception. The shielding loss of UHV lines to electromagnetic waves is between –5.2～2 dB. The shielding loss in the region under the lowest conductor is –5.2～2 dB. The shielding loss is –2.2～1.8 dB when the shielding area is formed by the lines, approximate to empirical formula estimation.The loss in the region above the highest conductor is rapidly reduced to background fluctuation. The shielding loss decreases with the increase of frequency. The protection distance between UHV transmission lines and radar should be classified by radar type. For meter wave radar, the protection distance is decided by the position requirements and the shielding angle. For L and S band radar, the protection distance is determined by the elevation angle. The electromagnetic effect of UHV lines on radar can be reduced by lowering the lines height or increasing the radar antenna, or by utilizing the favorable terrain with elevation difference.
To protect the air defense surveillance radar station nearby the electromagnetic interference of UHV transmission lines, according to radar position requirements, we analyzed the distance between UHV transmission lines and air defense surveillance radar station, proposed an estimation model for shielding loss of UHV lines to radar waves. The radio noise of the Ximeng-Shandong UHV project was measured. The transmit antenna was assigned at 1 660 m away from the lines. On the other side of the line, signals were received by antenna and spectrum analyzer carrying by unmanned aerial vehicle from 20～350 m high altitude.Shielding loss of electromagnetic waves by lines was measured at 80～3 200 MHz. The results indicate that the radio noise of AC UHV transmission lines are close to the background at 80～1 000 MHz. There is no obvious consistency difference before and after the transmission lines live state without interfering with radar reception. The shielding loss of UHV lines to electromagnetic waves is between –5.2～2 dB. The shielding loss in the region under the lowest conductor is –5.2～2 dB. The shielding loss is –2.2～1.8 dB when the shielding area is formed by the lines, approximate to empirical formula estimation.The loss in the region above the highest conductor is rapidly reduced to background fluctuation. The shielding loss decreases with the increase of frequency. The protection distance between UHV transmission lines and radar should be classified by radar type. For meter wave radar, the protection distance is decided by the position requirements and the shielding angle. For L and S band radar, the protection distance is determined by the elevation angle. The electromagnetic effect of UHV lines on radar can be reduced by lowering the lines height or increasing the radar antenna, or by utilizing the favorable terrain with elevation difference.
引文
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[8]唐波,文远芳,张小武,等.中短波段输电线路无源干扰防护间距求解的关键问题[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(19):129-137.TANG Bo,WEN Yuanfang,ZHANG Xiaowu,et al.Key problems of solving reradiation interference protecting distance[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(19):129-137.
[9]TZOULIS A,EIBERT T F.A hybrid FEBI-MLFMM-UTD method for numerical solutions of electromagnetic problems including arbitrarily shaped and electrically large objects[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2005,53(10):3358-3366.
[10]ZHANG J,LONGY L.A novel metal-mountable electrically small antenna for RFID tag applications with practical guidelines for the antenna design[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2014,62(11):5820-5829.
[11]RAO S M.A true domain decomposition procedure based on method of moments to handle electrically large bodies[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2012,60(9):4233-4238.
[12]XIAO L,WANG X H,WANG B Z,et al.An efficient hybrid method of iterative Mo M-PO and equivalent dipole-moment for scattering from electrically large objects[J].IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2017,16(1):1723-1726.
[13]HARMS H F.Using wire grid structures in the combination of uniform geometric theory of diffraction and method of moments for near-field analysis[J].Radio Science,2000,35(2):639-652.
[14]FAN T Q,GUO L X,LIU W.A novel OpenGL-based MoM/SBRhybrid method for radiation pattern analysis of an antenna above an electrically large complicated platform[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2016,64(1):201-209.
[15]刘兴发,尹晖,邬雄,等.高压输电线路无线电干扰和电磁散射对GPS卫星信号影响测试及分析[J].高电压技术,2011,37(12):2937-2944.LIU Xingfa,YIN Hui,WU Xiong,et al.Test and analysis on effect of high voltage transmission lines[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(12):2937-2944.
[16]陈京平,刘建平,田军生.特高压输电线路线塔对电磁波的衰减效应实验研究[J].电子技术,2008(15):146-148.CHEN Jingping,LIU Jianping,TIAN Junsheng.Test study on the attenuation effects of electromagnetic wave caused by UHV overhead transmission lines and towers[J].Electronic Technique,2008(15):146-148.
[17]IEC/CISPR.Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high-voltage equipment,part 1:description of phenomena:CISPR18-1[S].London,UK:BSI Standards Publication,2010.
[18]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.高压架空输电线路、变电站无线电干扰测量方法:GB/T7349-2002[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China.Methods of measurement of radio interference from high voltage overhead power transmission line and substain:GB/T7349-2002[S].Beijing,China:Standards Press of China,2002.
[19]IEC/CISPR.Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high-voltage equipment,part 2:methods of measurement and procedure for determining limits:CISPR 18-2[S].London,UK:BSIStandards Publication,2010.
[20]高攸纲.屏蔽与接地[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2004.GAO Yougang.Shielding and grounding[M].Beijing,China:Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Press,2004.
[2]郦能敬,王被德,沈齐.对空情报雷达总体论证:理论与实践[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008.LI Nengjing,WANG Beide,SHEN Qi.General demonstration of air defense surveillance radar theory and practice[M].Beijing,China:National Defence Industry Press,2008.
[3]刘振亚,张启平,董存,等.通过特高压直流实现大型能源基地风、光、火电力大规模高效率安全外送研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2513-2522.LIU Zhenya,ZHANG Qiping,DONG Cun,et al.Efficient and security transmission of wind,photovoltaic and thermal power of large-scale energy resource bases through UHVDC projects[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2513-2522.
[4]高克利,班连庚.“半波长交流输电技术”专题前言[J].高电压技术,2018,44(1):1-2.GAO Keli,BAN Liangeng.Research on half-wavelength AC transmission technology[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(1):1-2.
[5]张业茂,张建功,邬雄,等.特高压实验示范工程输电线路无线电干扰长期测试数据的统计分析[J].高电压技术,2015,41(11):3708-3714.ZHANG Yemao,ZHANG Jiangong,WU Xiong,et al.Statistic analysis of long-term measured data of radio interference on UHV ACdemonstration project transmission lines[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(11):3708-3714.
[6]张建功,干喆渊,赵志斌.架空线路电磁散射的混合建模快速算法[J].高电压技术,2015,41(12):4184-4190.ZHANG Jiangong,GAN Zheyuan,ZHAO Zhibin.Fast calculation hybrid modeling of scattering from overhead line[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(12):4184-4190.
[7]刘兴发,干喆渊,张小武,等.交流特高压输电线路对航空无线电导航台站的有源干扰计算[J].电网技术,2008,32(2):6-12.LIU Xingfa,GAN Zheyuan,ZHANG Xiaowu,et al.Calculation of active interference in aeronautical radionavigation stations[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(2):6-12.
[8]唐波,文远芳,张小武,等.中短波段输电线路无源干扰防护间距求解的关键问题[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(19):129-137.TANG Bo,WEN Yuanfang,ZHANG Xiaowu,et al.Key problems of solving reradiation interference protecting distance[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(19):129-137.
[9]TZOULIS A,EIBERT T F.A hybrid FEBI-MLFMM-UTD method for numerical solutions of electromagnetic problems including arbitrarily shaped and electrically large objects[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2005,53(10):3358-3366.
[10]ZHANG J,LONGY L.A novel metal-mountable electrically small antenna for RFID tag applications with practical guidelines for the antenna design[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2014,62(11):5820-5829.
[11]RAO S M.A true domain decomposition procedure based on method of moments to handle electrically large bodies[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2012,60(9):4233-4238.
[12]XIAO L,WANG X H,WANG B Z,et al.An efficient hybrid method of iterative Mo M-PO and equivalent dipole-moment for scattering from electrically large objects[J].IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2017,16(1):1723-1726.
[13]HARMS H F.Using wire grid structures in the combination of uniform geometric theory of diffraction and method of moments for near-field analysis[J].Radio Science,2000,35(2):639-652.
[14]FAN T Q,GUO L X,LIU W.A novel OpenGL-based MoM/SBRhybrid method for radiation pattern analysis of an antenna above an electrically large complicated platform[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2016,64(1):201-209.
[15]刘兴发,尹晖,邬雄,等.高压输电线路无线电干扰和电磁散射对GPS卫星信号影响测试及分析[J].高电压技术,2011,37(12):2937-2944.LIU Xingfa,YIN Hui,WU Xiong,et al.Test and analysis on effect of high voltage transmission lines[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(12):2937-2944.
[16]陈京平,刘建平,田军生.特高压输电线路线塔对电磁波的衰减效应实验研究[J].电子技术,2008(15):146-148.CHEN Jingping,LIU Jianping,TIAN Junsheng.Test study on the attenuation effects of electromagnetic wave caused by UHV overhead transmission lines and towers[J].Electronic Technique,2008(15):146-148.
[17]IEC/CISPR.Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high-voltage equipment,part 1:description of phenomena:CISPR18-1[S].London,UK:BSI Standards Publication,2010.
[18]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.高压架空输电线路、变电站无线电干扰测量方法:GB/T7349-2002[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China.Methods of measurement of radio interference from high voltage overhead power transmission line and substain:GB/T7349-2002[S].Beijing,China:Standards Press of China,2002.
[19]IEC/CISPR.Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high-voltage equipment,part 2:methods of measurement and procedure for determining limits:CISPR 18-2[S].London,UK:BSIStandards Publication,2010.
[20]高攸纲.屏蔽与接地[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2004.GAO Yougang.Shielding and grounding[M].Beijing,China:Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Press,2004.