SMES抑制电力系统功率振荡的控制策略研究
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摘要
为实现超导磁储能装置(superconducting magnetic energy storage,SMES)对电力系统功率的准确跟踪与快速补偿,并有效抑制系统的功率振荡,首先分析了包含SMES的单机系统的功角特性,基于系统的能量函数,以提高系统阻尼为目标,提出了以SMES接入点电压及其变化率为控制变量的导纳控制方法数学模型。与传统的以接入点电压幅值或相角做控制变量的控制方法不同,导纳控制方法不仅与接入点电压幅值有关,还与其变化速度有关,因而可提高SMES响应的灵敏度和精度。最后,通过算例验证了SMES抑制单机无穷大系统功率振荡的效果,结果表明该控制方法不仅可以有效抑制功率振荡,而且能使系统迅速恢复稳定状态,从而能提高电力系统的运行稳定性。
To implement accurate power tracking and fast compensation by superconducting magnetic energy storage(SMES) and to suppress power oscillation occurred in power grid,firstly the angle characteristic of a single-machine system including SMES is analyzed;based on the energy function of the power system and taking the system damping as the objective a mathematical model of admittance control approach,in which the voltage and its varying rate at the system-connected point of SMES are taken as the control variable,is proposed.Different from traditional control approach,in which the amplitude or the voltage phase angle is taken as control variable,the proposed admittance control approach not only relates to the voltage amplitude at the system-connected point,but also to its varying rate,thus both the sensitivity and accuracy of the response of SMES can be improved.Finally,the effect of suppressing the power oscillation occurred in single-machine infinite bus system is validated by the results of Matlab/Simulink-based simulation platform.Simulation results show that using the proposed control approach not only the power oscillation can be suppressed effectively,but also the stability of power system can be restoredrapidly,hencethe operation stability of power system can be enhanced.
To implement accurate power tracking and fast compensation by superconducting magnetic energy storage(SMES) and to suppress power oscillation occurred in power grid,firstly the angle characteristic of a single-machine system including SMES is analyzed;based on the energy function of the power system and taking the system damping as the objective a mathematical model of admittance control approach,in which the voltage and its varying rate at the system-connected point of SMES are taken as the control variable,is proposed.Different from traditional control approach,in which the amplitude or the voltage phase angle is taken as control variable,the proposed admittance control approach not only relates to the voltage amplitude at the system-connected point,but also to its varying rate,thus both the sensitivity and accuracy of the response of SMES can be improved.Finally,the effect of suppressing the power oscillation occurred in single-machine infinite bus system is validated by the results of Matlab/Simulink-based simulation platform.Simulation results show that using the proposed control approach not only the power oscillation can be suppressed effectively,but also the stability of power system can be restoredrapidly,hencethe operation stability of power system can be enhanced.
引文
[1]宋墩文,杨学涛,丁巧林.大规模互联电网低频振荡分析与控制方法综述[J].电网技术,2011,35(10):22-28.Song Dunwen,Yang Xuetao,Ding Qiaolin.A survey on analysis on low frequency oscillation in large-scale interconnected power grid and its control measures[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(10):22-28(in Chinese).
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[4]程时杰,李刚,孙海顺,等.储能技术在电气工程领域中的应用与展望[J].电网与清洁能源,2009,25(2):1-8.Cheng Shijie,Li Gang,Sun Haishun,et al.Application and prospect of energy storage in electrical engineering[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2009,25(2):1-8(in Chinese).
[5]Abu-Siada A,Islam S.Application of SMES unit in improving the performance of an AC/DC power system[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2011,2(2):109-121.
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[7]赵彩宏,杜晓纪,郭文勇,等.配电网中高温超导储能系统HTS-SMES的电力集成应用[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2008,34(sup4):231-235.Zhao Caihong,Du Xiaoji,Guo Wenyong,et al.Power integration application of HTS-SMES for distribution grid[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2008,34(sup4):231-235(in Chinese).
[8]蒋晓华,储旭,吴学智,等.20 k W/15 k J可控超导储能实验装置[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(4):88-90.Jiang Xiaohua,Chu Xu,Wu Xuezhi,et al.A 20 k J/15 k W SMES system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2004,28(4):88-90(in Chinese).
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[10]Nielsen K E,Molinas M.Superconducting magnetic energy storage(SMES)in power systems with renewable energy sources[J].Energy,2010,29(4):2487-2491.
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[12]姚涛,石晶,唐跃进.基于DRNN的超导磁储能装置自适应PID控制[J].继电器,2005,33(33):27-32.Yao Tao,Shi Jing,Tang Yuejin.Structure of electrical repairs real-time scheduling system based on GPRS/GPS/GIS[J].Relay,2005,33(33):27-32(in Chinese).
[13]彭晓涛,程时杰,王少荣,等.基于反馈线性化的超导磁储能装置控制器研究[J].电力自动化设备,2006,26(6):5-9.Peng Xiaotao,Cheng Shijie,Wang Shaorong,et al.Study on controller of superconduction magnetic energy storage based on feedback linearization[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2006,26(6):5-9(in Chinese).
[14]李彦林,王明彦,郑载满.微网运行条件下储能并网VSC多目标控制策略[J].电网技术,2013,37(7):1791-1798.Li Yanlin,Wang Mingyan,Zheng Zaiman.A multi-objective control strategy for grid-connecting VSC under grid-connected operation of microgrid[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(7):1791-1798(in Chinese).
[15]Shanmuga V,Jayabarathi T.An effect of SMES using automatic generation control in a multi area power system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2011,11(6):181-187.
[16]Mohd H A,Murata T.Transient stability enhancement by fuzzy logic-controlled SMES considering coordination with optimal reclosing of circuit breakers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2008,23(2):631-641.
[17]王磊,杜晓强,宋永端.用于飞轮储能单元的神经元自适应比例-积分-微分控制算法[J].电网技术,2014,38(1):74-80.Wang Lei,Du Xiaoqiang,Song Yongduan.Neuron adaptive PID control algorithm with application to flywheel energy storage system unit[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(1):74-80(in Chinese).
[18]曹昆南,夏亚君,唐跃进,等.基于能量函数的SMES优化布局研究[J].低温与超导,2012,40(10):1-4.Cao Kunnan,Xia Yajun,Tang Yuejin,et al.Optimal location of SMES based on energy function[J].Cryogenic and Superconductivity,2012,40(10):1-4(in Chinese).
[19]孙建波,赵娴,李大虎,等.利用储能抑制互联电力系统联络线功率振荡的研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(17):10-17.Sun Jianbo,Zhao Xian,Li Dahu,et al.Study on energy in damping tie line power oscillations in power system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(17):10-17(in Chinese).
[20]董宜鹏,谢小荣,孙浩,等.微网电池储能系统通用综合控制策略[J].电网技术,2013,21(12):25-31.Dong Yipeng,Xie Xiaorong,Sun Hao,et al.A general-purpose control strategy for battery energy storage system in microgrid[J].Power System Technology,2013,21(12):25-31(in Chinese).
[2]朱方,赵红光,刘增煌,等.大区电网互联对电力系统动态稳定性的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(1):l-7.Zhu Fang,Zhao Hongguang,Liu Zenghuang,et al.The influence of large power grid interconnected on power system dynamic stability[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(1):l-7(in Chinese).
[3]董超,刘涤尘,廖清芬.基于能量函数的电网低频振荡及扰动源定位研究[J].电网技术,2012,36(8):l75-181.Dong Chao,Liu Dichen,Liao Qingfen.Research on low frequency oscillation in power grid and location of disturbance source based on energy function[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(8):l75-182(in Chinese).
[4]程时杰,李刚,孙海顺,等.储能技术在电气工程领域中的应用与展望[J].电网与清洁能源,2009,25(2):1-8.Cheng Shijie,Li Gang,Sun Haishun,et al.Application and prospect of energy storage in electrical engineering[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2009,25(2):1-8(in Chinese).
[5]Abu-Siada A,Islam S.Application of SMES unit in improving the performance of an AC/DC power system[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2011,2(2):109-121.
[6]Hae-Jong Kim,Ki-Chul Seong,Jeon-Wook Cho,et al.Development of a 3 MJ/750 k VA SMES system[J].Cryogenics,2006,46(5):367-372.
[7]赵彩宏,杜晓纪,郭文勇,等.配电网中高温超导储能系统HTS-SMES的电力集成应用[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2008,34(sup4):231-235.Zhao Caihong,Du Xiaoji,Guo Wenyong,et al.Power integration application of HTS-SMES for distribution grid[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2008,34(sup4):231-235(in Chinese).
[8]蒋晓华,储旭,吴学智,等.20 k W/15 k J可控超导储能实验装置[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(4):88-90.Jiang Xiaohua,Chu Xu,Wu Xuezhi,et al.A 20 k J/15 k W SMES system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2004,28(4):88-90(in Chinese).
[9]岳立,何达.基于SMES外环主控制策略的功率振荡抑制研究[J].陕西电力,2011,28(1):18-21.Yue Li,He Da.Research on power oscillation damping based on SMES outer ring control strategies[J].Shaanxi Electric Power,2011,28(1):18-21(in Chinese).
[10]Nielsen K E,Molinas M.Superconducting magnetic energy storage(SMES)in power systems with renewable energy sources[J].Energy,2010,29(4):2487-2491.
[11]彭晓涛,程时杰,王少荣,等.非线性PID控制器在超导磁储能装置中的应用研究[J].电网技术,2005,29(5):37-43.Peng Xiaotao,Cheng Shijie,Wang Shaorong,et al.Research on application of nonlinear PID controller in superconducting magnetic energy storage[J].Power System Technology,2005,29(5):37-43(in Chinese).
[12]姚涛,石晶,唐跃进.基于DRNN的超导磁储能装置自适应PID控制[J].继电器,2005,33(33):27-32.Yao Tao,Shi Jing,Tang Yuejin.Structure of electrical repairs real-time scheduling system based on GPRS/GPS/GIS[J].Relay,2005,33(33):27-32(in Chinese).
[13]彭晓涛,程时杰,王少荣,等.基于反馈线性化的超导磁储能装置控制器研究[J].电力自动化设备,2006,26(6):5-9.Peng Xiaotao,Cheng Shijie,Wang Shaorong,et al.Study on controller of superconduction magnetic energy storage based on feedback linearization[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2006,26(6):5-9(in Chinese).
[14]李彦林,王明彦,郑载满.微网运行条件下储能并网VSC多目标控制策略[J].电网技术,2013,37(7):1791-1798.Li Yanlin,Wang Mingyan,Zheng Zaiman.A multi-objective control strategy for grid-connecting VSC under grid-connected operation of microgrid[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(7):1791-1798(in Chinese).
[15]Shanmuga V,Jayabarathi T.An effect of SMES using automatic generation control in a multi area power system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2011,11(6):181-187.
[16]Mohd H A,Murata T.Transient stability enhancement by fuzzy logic-controlled SMES considering coordination with optimal reclosing of circuit breakers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2008,23(2):631-641.
[17]王磊,杜晓强,宋永端.用于飞轮储能单元的神经元自适应比例-积分-微分控制算法[J].电网技术,2014,38(1):74-80.Wang Lei,Du Xiaoqiang,Song Yongduan.Neuron adaptive PID control algorithm with application to flywheel energy storage system unit[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(1):74-80(in Chinese).
[18]曹昆南,夏亚君,唐跃进,等.基于能量函数的SMES优化布局研究[J].低温与超导,2012,40(10):1-4.Cao Kunnan,Xia Yajun,Tang Yuejin,et al.Optimal location of SMES based on energy function[J].Cryogenic and Superconductivity,2012,40(10):1-4(in Chinese).
[19]孙建波,赵娴,李大虎,等.利用储能抑制互联电力系统联络线功率振荡的研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(17):10-17.Sun Jianbo,Zhao Xian,Li Dahu,et al.Study on energy in damping tie line power oscillations in power system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(17):10-17(in Chinese).
[20]董宜鹏,谢小荣,孙浩,等.微网电池储能系统通用综合控制策略[J].电网技术,2013,21(12):25-31.Dong Yipeng,Xie Xiaorong,Sun Hao,et al.A general-purpose control strategy for battery energy storage system in microgrid[J].Power System Technology,2013,21(12):25-31(in Chinese).