科技人才流动的宏观影响因素研究
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摘要
基于2005-2016年中国31个省、直辖市、自治区的面板数据,从宏观视角对科技人才流动的影响因素进行实证分析。研究发现,经济发展水平和科研环境是影响省际科技人才流动的主要因素;不同区域的宏观环境因素对科技人才流动的影响存在显著差别;东中部地区科技人才流动受R&D经费投入强度的影响较大,西部地区受经济发展水平影响较大;产业结构调整进程较快的东部地区及第二产业发达的中部地区对科技人才的吸纳能力明显高于西部地区;财政科技投入对科技人才流动的影响偏弱。最后,提出了促进区域科技人才合理流动的相关建议。
Based on the panel data of China's 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities from 2005 to 2016, this paper makes an empirical analysis of the factors affecting the flow of science and technology talents from a macro perspective. The results show that the economic development level and the scientific research environment are the main factors affecting the flow of science and technology talents among provinces. There are significant differences in the impact of macro environmental factors on the flow of science and technology talents in different regions. The R&D expenditure intensity has a greater impact on the flow of science and technology talents in the eastern and central regions, while the western region is more affected by the economic development level. Due to the adjustment of industrial structure in the east region is relatively fast and the secondary industry in the central region is relatively developed, the two regions have stronger ability to absorb science and technology talents than the western regions. The financial investment in science and technology has little effect on the flow of science and technology talents. Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions to promote the rational flow of science and technology talents among regions.
Based on the panel data of China's 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities from 2005 to 2016, this paper makes an empirical analysis of the factors affecting the flow of science and technology talents from a macro perspective. The results show that the economic development level and the scientific research environment are the main factors affecting the flow of science and technology talents among provinces. There are significant differences in the impact of macro environmental factors on the flow of science and technology talents in different regions. The R&D expenditure intensity has a greater impact on the flow of science and technology talents in the eastern and central regions, while the western region is more affected by the economic development level. Due to the adjustment of industrial structure in the east region is relatively fast and the secondary industry in the central region is relatively developed, the two regions have stronger ability to absorb science and technology talents than the western regions. The financial investment in science and technology has little effect on the flow of science and technology talents. Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions to promote the rational flow of science and technology talents among regions.
引文
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[21] 芮雪琴,李亚男,牛冲槐.科技人才聚集与区域经济发展的适配性[J].中国科技论坛,2015,(8):106-110.
[22] 孙健,丁雪萌.区域科技人才开发效率评价研究——基于2005～2014年省际面板数据的经验分析[J].广东社会科学,2018,(2):20-28,254.
[23] 孙洁,姜兴坤.科技人才对区域经济发展影响差异研究——基于东、中、西区域数据的对比分析[J].广东社会科学,2014,(2):15-21.
[24] 朱军文,李奕嬴.国外科技人才国际流动问题研究演进[J].科学学研究,2016,34(5):697-703.
[2] Pekkala S, Kerr W, Ozden C, et al. Global talent flows[J]. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2016,30(4): 83-106.
[3] 郑巧英,王辉耀,李正风.全球科技人才流动形式、发展动态及对我国的启示[J].科技进步与对策,2014,31(13):150-154.
[4] 杨敏,安增军.产业转移背景下科技人才流动模型研究——基于福建省的实证调研[J].东南学术,2015,(5):140-147.
[5] 汪志红,谌新民,周建波.企业视角下人才流动动因研究——来自珠三角854家企业数据[J].科技进步与对策,2016,33(5):149-155.
[6] 吴培群,封化民.大学教师校际流动性的实证分析——基于Web内容分析数据与国际调查结果的比较[J].科研管理,2013,34(5):86-92.
[7] 何洁,王灏晨,郑晓瑛.高校科技人才流动意愿现况及相关因素分析[J].人口与发展,2014,20(3):24-32,42.
[8] 郑文力.论势差效应与科技人才流动机制[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2005,(2):112-116.
[9] 纪建悦,张学海.我国科技人才流动动因的实证研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版),2010,(3):65-69.
[10] Zhou Y, Guo Y, Liu Y. High-level talent flow and its influence on regional unbalanced development in China[J]. Applied Geography, 2018, 91:89-98.
[11] Poot J, Strutt A. International trade agreements and international migration[J]. World Economy, 2011, 33(12):1923-1954.
[12] 田帆,方卫华.人才流失与经济增长之间的相互影响——基于金砖四国的面板数据[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2014,16(3):89-95.
[13] 荀玥婷.山东省企业科技工作者流动状况及其影响因素研究[D].山东大学,2015.
[14] 詹晖.吉林省科技人才流动影响因素及作用机制研究[D].东北师范大学,2017.
[15] 汪群,汪应洛,王建中.科技人才素质测评理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:90-95.
[16] 王德禄,邵翔.小康社会以人为本科技发展——关于科技人才发展的几点思考[J].科学对社会的影响,2004,(1):5-9.
[17] 封铁英.科技人才评价现状与评价方法的选择和创新[J].科研管理,2007,(S1):30-34.
[18] 盛楠,孟凡祥,姜滨,等.创新驱动战略下科技人才评价体系建设研究[J].科研管理,2016,(S1):602-606.
[19] 杜谦,宋卫国.科技人才定义及相关统计问题[J].中国科技论坛,2004,(5):137-141.
[20] 沈春光,陈万明,裴玲玲.区域科技人才创新能力评价指标体系与方法研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2010,31(2):196-199.
[21] 芮雪琴,李亚男,牛冲槐.科技人才聚集与区域经济发展的适配性[J].中国科技论坛,2015,(8):106-110.
[22] 孙健,丁雪萌.区域科技人才开发效率评价研究——基于2005～2014年省际面板数据的经验分析[J].广东社会科学,2018,(2):20-28,254.
[23] 孙洁,姜兴坤.科技人才对区域经济发展影响差异研究——基于东、中、西区域数据的对比分析[J].广东社会科学,2014,(2):15-21.
[24] 朱军文,李奕嬴.国外科技人才国际流动问题研究演进[J].科学学研究,2016,34(5):697-703.