重庆市职业病危害分布现状调查
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摘要
目的了解重庆市职业病危害分布现状,掌握底数,为调整或制定职业病防治规划提供依据。方法收集2017年12月31日已在重庆市安全生产监督管理局申报职业病危害的企业资料,对不同行业、规模、经济类型的职业病危害分布进行统计分析。结果重庆市共有14 660家企业,接害劳动者共437 617人;重庆市的企业、接害劳动者均主要分布在主城9区,分别占41.48%、45.56%;企业规模以小型、微型企业为主,分别占49.39%和38.77%,接害劳动者以小型企业为主,占33.08%;企业行业分类以制造业为首,占65.67%,其次是采矿业,占17.90%;制造业接害劳动者最多,占67.13%;企业经济类型以私营企业为主,占81.35%,私营企业接害劳动者占62.67%;职业危害以物理因素为多,其次为粉尘、化学物毒物。粉尘超标率为25.2%,化学毒物超标率为21.8%,高于物理因素。结论重庆市工业企业主要分布在主城9区,小微型企业、制造业、采矿业、私营企业是职业病危害预防控制的重点,应加强物理因素及尘毒危害的控制。
[Objective]To understand the status of the occupational hazard distribution in Chongqing, obtain the base data, and provide the basis for adjusting or formulating plans for occupational disease prevention and control. [Methods] The data of enterprises which have reported the occupational hazards in Chongqing Production Safety Administration by December 31,2017 were collected, and the distribution of occupational hazards in different industries, scales and economic types was statistically analyzed. [Results] There were totally 14 660 enterprises in Chongqing, with 437 617 workers exposed to occupational hazards.The enterprises and workers exposed to occupational hazards were mainly distributed in nine urban districts, accounting for41.48% and 45.56% respectively. The scale of enterprises were mainly small and micro enterprises, which accounted for 49.39%and 38.77% respectively. The exposed workers were mainly in small enterprises, accounting for 33.08%. The main industry was manufacturing, accounting for 65.67%, followed by mining industry(17.90%). The exposed workers in manufacturing accounted for the highest proportion(67.13%), the main scale of enterprises was private enterprises(81.35%), and the exposed workers in private enterprises accounted for 62.67%. The occupational hazards were mainly physical factors, followed by dust and chemical poisons. The excess rate of dust was 25.2%. The excess rate of chemical poisons was 21.8%, which was higher than that of physical factors. [Conclusion] The industrial enterprises in Chongqing are mainly distributed in nine urban districts. The prevention and control of occupational hazards should focus on small and micro enterprises, manufacturing, mining industry, and private enterprises. It is necessary to strengthen the control of physical factors and dust harm.
[Objective]To understand the status of the occupational hazard distribution in Chongqing, obtain the base data, and provide the basis for adjusting or formulating plans for occupational disease prevention and control. [Methods] The data of enterprises which have reported the occupational hazards in Chongqing Production Safety Administration by December 31,2017 were collected, and the distribution of occupational hazards in different industries, scales and economic types was statistically analyzed. [Results] There were totally 14 660 enterprises in Chongqing, with 437 617 workers exposed to occupational hazards.The enterprises and workers exposed to occupational hazards were mainly distributed in nine urban districts, accounting for41.48% and 45.56% respectively. The scale of enterprises were mainly small and micro enterprises, which accounted for 49.39%and 38.77% respectively. The exposed workers were mainly in small enterprises, accounting for 33.08%. The main industry was manufacturing, accounting for 65.67%, followed by mining industry(17.90%). The exposed workers in manufacturing accounted for the highest proportion(67.13%), the main scale of enterprises was private enterprises(81.35%), and the exposed workers in private enterprises accounted for 62.67%. The occupational hazards were mainly physical factors, followed by dust and chemical poisons. The excess rate of dust was 25.2%. The excess rate of chemical poisons was 21.8%, which was higher than that of physical factors. [Conclusion] The industrial enterprises in Chongqing are mainly distributed in nine urban districts. The prevention and control of occupational hazards should focus on small and micro enterprises, manufacturing, mining industry, and private enterprises. It is necessary to strengthen the control of physical factors and dust harm.
引文
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[2]马晓明,史春波,李岳,等.青海省工矿企业职业病危害特征及对策研究[J].工业卫生与职业病,2017,41(5):345-348.
[3]柳春雨,袁永新,雷荣辉,等.西安市职业病危害分布现状调查[J].中国职业医学,2016,43(4):500-502.
[4]相红,刘国强,张艳娥,等.石家庄市职业病危害企业分布及职业卫生管理现状[J].中国工业医学杂志,2016,29(6):441-443.
[5]艾进颖,封小东,邓小娟,等.唐山市职业病危害因素状况分析[J].职业与健康,2016,32(12):1593-1598.
[6]李广益,王敏,王晓芳,等.淄博市4 762家企业职业病危害申报情况分析[J].中国工业医学杂志,2016,29(6):443-445.
[7]潘衍均.汽车制造业职业危害因素与防控措施[J].现代职业安全,2017,10(4):96-98.
[8]彭中全,罗东,谢勇,等.某中药厂项目职业病危害控制效果评价[J].中国卫生工程学,2013,12(4):292-295.
[9]黄维兰,张凯.2016年重庆市江津区重点职业病职业健康风险评估[J].职业与健康,2017,33(18):2465-2468.
[10]李飞辉,唐玉樵,程淑群.汽车制造业职业病危害因素对工人健康的影响[J].职业与健康,2017,33(15):2145-2148,2152.