封育对荒漠草地生态系统C、N、P化学计量特征的影响
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摘要
对比干旱区伊犁绢蒿荒漠草地放牧、封育2年、封育9年的植被、根系及土壤C、N、P元素的变化,以揭示封育对生态系统养分及其化学计量比的影响。结果表明,封育后土壤有机碳含量变化不大,全氮含量稳步提高,全磷含量稍有降低。封育2年的植被和0~5cm土层根系的N/P高于放牧,表明恢复初期植物对N的利用率较高;封育9年的植被和根系N/P降低,表明植被恢复后植物对P素的利用率提高。封育对植被的C/N影响不大,但长期封育使根系的C/N升高,表明长期封育使根系固碳显著。相关分析表明,土壤P、植被P、根系P之间没有显著相关,但是根系P与根系C、植被N和土壤C显著相关,表明在干旱区土壤缺磷的环境下,植物对P素的吸收与利用是通过其他元素来间接影响的。
C,N and P are the main objects of ecological stoichiometry,which can be used to characterize plant nutrient utilization and response to environmental changes.In the study,through comparing the C,N,P changes of plants,roots and soil in graze,enclosure for 2 years and enclosure for 9 years,the effects of enclosure on nutrients and stoichiometric ratio were reveal in the Seriphidiumtransiliensedesert grassland ecosystem.The results showed that the soil organic carbon did not change greatly,the total nitrogen increased steadily,and the total phosphorus decreased slightly after fenced.In grassland of enclosure for 2 years,the N/P values of plants and roots in 0~5 cm soil layer were higher than that of graze,indicating that the utilization rate of N was higher in the early stage of grassland restoration.After enclosure for 9 years,the N/P values of plants and roots decreased,showing that the utilization of P was improver after long-term restoration.The enclosure measure had little effect on the C/N of plants,but the C/N of the roots were increased in the long-term enclosure,indicating that the long-term enclosure increased carbon sequestration of root significantly.The correlation analysis showed that there were no significant correlations among soil P,community P and root P,but root P was related to root C,plant N and soil C,showing that the absorption and utilization of P element in plants were indirectly affected by the other elements in the environment of soil phosphorus deficiency in arid region.
C,N and P are the main objects of ecological stoichiometry,which can be used to characterize plant nutrient utilization and response to environmental changes.In the study,through comparing the C,N,P changes of plants,roots and soil in graze,enclosure for 2 years and enclosure for 9 years,the effects of enclosure on nutrients and stoichiometric ratio were reveal in the Seriphidiumtransiliensedesert grassland ecosystem.The results showed that the soil organic carbon did not change greatly,the total nitrogen increased steadily,and the total phosphorus decreased slightly after fenced.In grassland of enclosure for 2 years,the N/P values of plants and roots in 0~5 cm soil layer were higher than that of graze,indicating that the utilization rate of N was higher in the early stage of grassland restoration.After enclosure for 9 years,the N/P values of plants and roots decreased,showing that the utilization of P was improver after long-term restoration.The enclosure measure had little effect on the C/N of plants,but the C/N of the roots were increased in the long-term enclosure,indicating that the long-term enclosure increased carbon sequestration of root significantly.The correlation analysis showed that there were no significant correlations among soil P,community P and root P,but root P was related to root C,plant N and soil C,showing that the absorption and utilization of P element in plants were indirectly affected by the other elements in the environment of soil phosphorus deficiency in arid region.
引文
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[10]陶冶,张元明.古尔班通古特沙漠4种草本植物叶片与土壤的化学计量特征[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(3):659-665.Tao Ye,Zhang Yuanming.Leaf and soil stoichiometry of four herbs in the Gurbantunggut desert,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(3):659-665.
[11]赵一嬴,李月芬,王月娇.草地退化演替阶段羊草叶片碳氮磷化学计量学研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(11):73-77.Zhao Yiying,Li Yuefen,Wang Yuejiao,et al.C,N,P chemometrics of Leymus chinensis leaves during grassland retrogressive succession stages[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2016,32(11):73-77.
[12]宋智芳,安沙舟,孙宗玖.放牧地伊犁绢蒿营养元素分配特点[J].草业科学,2014,31(1):132-138.Song Zhifang,An Shazhou,Sun Zongjiu.Characteristics of nutrition allocation of Seriphidium transiliense under grazing condition[J].Pratacultural Science,2014,31(1):132-138.
[13]郑伟.封育对伊犁绢蒿种群营养元素分配格局及贮量的影响[J].草业科学,2012,29(10):1503-1511.Zheng Wei.Effects of enclosure on storage and allocation of carbon and nutrient elements in Seriphidium transiliense population[J].Pratacultural Science,2012,29(10):1503-1511.
[14]Tian H,Chen G,Zhang C,et al.Pattern and variation of C:N:P ratios in China’s soils:A synthesis of observational data[J].Biogeochemistry,2010,98(1-3):139-151.
[15]Chapin S FⅢ,Matson P,Mooney H A.Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology[M].New York,USA:SpringerVerlag New York Inc.,2002.
[16]He J S,Wang L,Flynn D F B,et al.Leaf nitrogen:phosphorus stoichiometry across Chinese grassland biomes[J].Oecologia,2008,155:301-310.
[17]He J S,Fang J,Wang Z,et al.Stoichiometry and large-scale patterns of leaf carbon and nitrogen in the grassland biomes of China[J].Oecologia,2006,149:115-122.
[18]Koerselman W,Meuleman A F M.The vegetation N:P ratio:A new tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,1996,33:1441-1450.
[19]徐冰,程雨曦,甘慧洁,等.内蒙古锡林河流域典型草原植物叶片与细根性状在种间及种内水平上的关联[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(1):29-38.Xu Bing,Cheng Yuxi,Gan Huijie,et al.Correlations between leaf and fine root traits among and within species of typical temperate grassland in Xilin River basin,Inner Mongolia,China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2010,34(1):29-38.
[20]丁勇,侯向阳,吴新宏,等.气候变化背景下草原生态系统研究热点探讨[J].中国草地学报,2013,35(5):124-132.Ding Yong,Hou Xiangyang,Wu Xinhong,et al.The present research hotspots of grassland ecosystem under the background of climate change[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2013,35(5):124-132.
[21]Frank D A.Ungulate and topographic control of nitrogen:phosphorus stoichiometry in a temperate grassland,soils,plants and mineralization rates[J].Oikos,2008,117:591-601.
[22]戚德辉,温仲明,杨士梭,等.黄土丘陵区森林草原带不同退耕年限植物群落和土壤N、P化学计量特征[J].草地学报,2016,24(2):322-329.Qi Dehui,Wen Zhongming,Yang Shisuo,et al.Concentration of N,P and stoichiometry characteristics of plant communities and soil under different restoration stages at a forest-steppe zone in Hilly and Gully region of Loess Plateau,China[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2016,24(2):322-329.
[23]高英志,汪诗平,韩兴国,等.退化草地恢复过程中土壤氮素状况以及与植被地上绿色生物量形成关系的研究[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(3):285-293.Gao Yingzhi,Wang Shiping,Han Xingguo,et al.Soil nitrogen regime and the relationship between aboveground green phytobiomass and soil nitrogen fractions at different stocking rates in the Xinlin River basin,Inner Mongolia[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2004,28(3):285-293.
[24]Güsewell S.N:P ratios in terrestrial plants:Variation and functional significance[J].New Phytologist,2004,164(2):243-266.
[2]王建林,钟志明,王忠红,等.西藏高原高寒草原生态系统植被碳磷比的分布特征及其影响因素[J].农学学报,2014,4(2):55-62.Wang Jianlin,Zhong Zhiming,Wang Zhonghong,et al.Distribution characteristics and influence factors of alpine steppe ecosystem vegetation C/P in Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Agriculture,2014,4(2):55-62.
[3]霍艳双,杨波,杨雪栋,等.草地土壤有机碳研究进展[J].中国草地学报,2014,36(6):90-96.Huo Yanshuang,Yang Bo,Yang Xuedong,et al.Advances in researches on grassland soil organic carbon[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2014,36(6):90-96.
[4]王绍强,于贵瑞.生态系统碳氮磷元素的生态化学计量学特征[J].生态学报,2008,28(8):3937-3947.Wang Shaoqiang,Yu Guirui.Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of ecosystem carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus elements[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(8):3937-3947.
[5]刘超,王洋,王楠,等.陆地生态系统植被氮磷化学计量研究进展[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(11):1205-1216.Liu Chao,Wang Yang,Wang Nan,et al.Advances research in plant nitrogen,phosphorus and their stoichiometry in terrestrial ecosystems:A review[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2012,36(11):1205-1216.
[6]王建林,钟志明,王忠红,等.青藏高原高寒草原生态系统土壤氮磷比的分布特征[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(12):3399-3406.Wang Jianlin,Zhong Zhiming,Wang Zhonghong,et al.Soil N/P ratio distribution characteristics of alpine grassland ecosystem in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(12):3399-3406.
[7]李玉霖,毛伟,赵学勇,等.北方典型荒漠及荒漠化地区植物叶片氮磷化学计量特征研究[J].环境科学,2010,31(8):1716-1725.Li Yulin,Mao Wei,Zhao Xueyong,et al.Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry in typical desert and desertified regions,north China[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(8):1716-1725.
[8]董晓玉,傅华,李旭东,等.放牧与围封对黄土高原典型草原植物生物量及其碳氮磷贮量的影响[J].草业学报,2010,19(2):175-182.Dong Xiaoyu,Fu Hua,Li Xudong,et al.Effects on plant biomass and C,N,P contents of plants in grazed and fenced steppe grasslands of the Loess Plateau[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2010,19(2):175-182.
[9]银晓瑞,梁存柱,王立新,等.内蒙古典型草原不同恢复演替阶段植物养分化学计量学[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(1):39-47.Yin Xiaorui,Liang Cunzhu,Wang Lixin,et al.Ecological stoichiometry of plant nutrients at different restoration succession stages in typical steppe of Inner Mongolia,China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2010,34(1):39-47.
[10]陶冶,张元明.古尔班通古特沙漠4种草本植物叶片与土壤的化学计量特征[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(3):659-665.Tao Ye,Zhang Yuanming.Leaf and soil stoichiometry of four herbs in the Gurbantunggut desert,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(3):659-665.
[11]赵一嬴,李月芬,王月娇.草地退化演替阶段羊草叶片碳氮磷化学计量学研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(11):73-77.Zhao Yiying,Li Yuefen,Wang Yuejiao,et al.C,N,P chemometrics of Leymus chinensis leaves during grassland retrogressive succession stages[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2016,32(11):73-77.
[12]宋智芳,安沙舟,孙宗玖.放牧地伊犁绢蒿营养元素分配特点[J].草业科学,2014,31(1):132-138.Song Zhifang,An Shazhou,Sun Zongjiu.Characteristics of nutrition allocation of Seriphidium transiliense under grazing condition[J].Pratacultural Science,2014,31(1):132-138.
[13]郑伟.封育对伊犁绢蒿种群营养元素分配格局及贮量的影响[J].草业科学,2012,29(10):1503-1511.Zheng Wei.Effects of enclosure on storage and allocation of carbon and nutrient elements in Seriphidium transiliense population[J].Pratacultural Science,2012,29(10):1503-1511.
[14]Tian H,Chen G,Zhang C,et al.Pattern and variation of C:N:P ratios in China’s soils:A synthesis of observational data[J].Biogeochemistry,2010,98(1-3):139-151.
[15]Chapin S FⅢ,Matson P,Mooney H A.Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology[M].New York,USA:SpringerVerlag New York Inc.,2002.
[16]He J S,Wang L,Flynn D F B,et al.Leaf nitrogen:phosphorus stoichiometry across Chinese grassland biomes[J].Oecologia,2008,155:301-310.
[17]He J S,Fang J,Wang Z,et al.Stoichiometry and large-scale patterns of leaf carbon and nitrogen in the grassland biomes of China[J].Oecologia,2006,149:115-122.
[18]Koerselman W,Meuleman A F M.The vegetation N:P ratio:A new tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,1996,33:1441-1450.
[19]徐冰,程雨曦,甘慧洁,等.内蒙古锡林河流域典型草原植物叶片与细根性状在种间及种内水平上的关联[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(1):29-38.Xu Bing,Cheng Yuxi,Gan Huijie,et al.Correlations between leaf and fine root traits among and within species of typical temperate grassland in Xilin River basin,Inner Mongolia,China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2010,34(1):29-38.
[20]丁勇,侯向阳,吴新宏,等.气候变化背景下草原生态系统研究热点探讨[J].中国草地学报,2013,35(5):124-132.Ding Yong,Hou Xiangyang,Wu Xinhong,et al.The present research hotspots of grassland ecosystem under the background of climate change[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2013,35(5):124-132.
[21]Frank D A.Ungulate and topographic control of nitrogen:phosphorus stoichiometry in a temperate grassland,soils,plants and mineralization rates[J].Oikos,2008,117:591-601.
[22]戚德辉,温仲明,杨士梭,等.黄土丘陵区森林草原带不同退耕年限植物群落和土壤N、P化学计量特征[J].草地学报,2016,24(2):322-329.Qi Dehui,Wen Zhongming,Yang Shisuo,et al.Concentration of N,P and stoichiometry characteristics of plant communities and soil under different restoration stages at a forest-steppe zone in Hilly and Gully region of Loess Plateau,China[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2016,24(2):322-329.
[23]高英志,汪诗平,韩兴国,等.退化草地恢复过程中土壤氮素状况以及与植被地上绿色生物量形成关系的研究[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(3):285-293.Gao Yingzhi,Wang Shiping,Han Xingguo,et al.Soil nitrogen regime and the relationship between aboveground green phytobiomass and soil nitrogen fractions at different stocking rates in the Xinlin River basin,Inner Mongolia[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2004,28(3):285-293.
[24]Güsewell S.N:P ratios in terrestrial plants:Variation and functional significance[J].New Phytologist,2004,164(2):243-266.