氡在破碎花岗岩巷道及围岩中的运移机制解析
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摘要
依托某破碎花岗岩巷道工程,以多孔介质中气体的渗流理论为基础,综合考虑影响氡在破碎花岗岩山体及巷道中运移和析出的多种因素,构建了氡的数值计算模型,给出了山体和通风巷道中的氡浓度计算公式,模拟并比较了自然状态和微正压通风状态下山体中氡浓度分布的变化情况,并对微正压通风状态下巷道中氡浓度的变化情况进行模拟和验证。研究结果表明:扩散作用和渗流作用是巷道围岩中氡运移的主要机制;微正压通风条件下巷道中氡的运移主要受通风作用、围岩的射气作用和氡的衰变作用共同影响;微正压通风能够改变围岩中氡的渗流方向,是巷道降氡的有效手段。
Mathematical models of radon transportation in granite rock mass and its tunnels were developed based on the theory of gas seepage in porous media. Some aspects on radon transportation and exhilaration were also considered over. Calculation formulas of radon concentration in rock mass and ventilated tunnel were given. Distribution variety of radon in the rock mass in natural and micro positive pressure cases were simulated and compared,and the variety of radon concentration in tunnel in micro positive pressure case was simulated and proved. The results performed that diffusion and seepage were the main mechanism of the radon transportation. Common effect of ventilation,emanation of the rock mass and decay of radon controlled the migration of radon in tunnel in micro positive pressure case,and that the ventilation style was the effective method of radom reduction in tunnel,for the converge of seepage direction of radon in rock mass could be made by the micro pressure.
Mathematical models of radon transportation in granite rock mass and its tunnels were developed based on the theory of gas seepage in porous media. Some aspects on radon transportation and exhilaration were also considered over. Calculation formulas of radon concentration in rock mass and ventilated tunnel were given. Distribution variety of radon in the rock mass in natural and micro positive pressure cases were simulated and compared,and the variety of radon concentration in tunnel in micro positive pressure case was simulated and proved. The results performed that diffusion and seepage were the main mechanism of the radon transportation. Common effect of ventilation,emanation of the rock mass and decay of radon controlled the migration of radon in tunnel in micro positive pressure case,and that the ventilation style was the effective method of radom reduction in tunnel,for the converge of seepage direction of radon in rock mass could be made by the micro pressure.
引文
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[4]张松林,史淼,梁瑛,等.岩体平巷充气降氡技术研究[J].辐射防护,2008,28(3):155-160.(Zhang Songlin,Shi Miao,Liang Ying,et al.Research on the technology for radon reduction by adding pressure in tunnels[J].Radiation protection,2008,28(3):155-160.(in Chinese))
[5]Frédéric P,Patrick R,Umesh G.Seasonal variations of natural ventilation and radon-222 exhalation in aslightly rising dead-end tunnel[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2007,97(2-3):220-235.
[6]付锦,韩耀照.氡射气系数与铀尾矿含水率关系探讨[J].南华大学学报(理工版),2003,17(3):29-32.(Fu Jin,Han Yaozhao.Discussion on the relationship between emanation coefficient tailings and moisture content of uranium[J].Journal of University of South China(Science and Technology),2003,17(3):29-32.(in Chinese))
[7]徐鹏,邱淑霞,姜舟婷,等.各向同性多孔介质中Kozeny-Carman常数的分形分析[J].重庆大学学报,2011,34(4):78-82.(Xu Peng,Qiu Shuxia,Jiang Zhouting,et al.Fractal analysis of Kozeny-Carman constant in the homogenous porous media[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2011,34(4):78-82.(in Chinese))
[8]牛冠毅,陈剑杰,王君.地下坑道周围山体内氡运移力学剖析[J].计算物理,2012,29(2):239-244.(Niu Guanyi,Chen Jianjie,Wang Jun.Mechanical analysis of radon transport in vicinity of an underground tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Physics,2012,29(2):239-244.(in Chinese))
[9]佘若谷,李华,刘成安,等.放射性惰性气体37Ar向地表输运的数值模拟[J].原子核物理评论,2008,25(3):271-275.(She Ruogu,Li Hua,Liu Cheng’an,et al.Numerical simulation of underground 37Ar transportation to the ground[J].Nuclear Physics Review,2008,25(3):271-275.(in Chinese))
[10]张哲.井下氡的析出[M].湖南衡阳:核工业第六研究所,1978.(Zhang Zhe.Exhilaration of radon from underground mining[M].Hengyang,Hu’nan.The Sixth Research Institute of Nuclear Industry,1978.(in Chinese))
[11]常桂兰.氡与氡的危害[J].铀矿地质,2002,18(2):122-128.(Chang Guilan.Radon and its hazarders[J].Uranium Geology,2002,18(2):122-128.(in Chinese))
[12]吴慧山.氡测量及实用数据[M].北京:原子能出版社,2001.(Wu Huishan.Radon measurement and practical data[M].Beijing:Atomic Energy Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[13]Han Fang,Zhang Baiping,Tan Jing.The effect of mountain base elevation on the altitude of timberline in the Southeastern Eurasia:A study on the quantification of mass elevation effect[J].Acta Geographica Sinica.2010,65(7):781-788.