盐穴地下储气库小井距双井自然溶通造腔工艺
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摘要
为了解决盐穴地下储气库单井造腔速度慢、工期长的难题,通过调研盐矿的采卤工艺技术,借鉴盐矿对井开采溶腔的技术思路,提出了"单井建槽、自然溶通、双井对流建腔"的盐穴储气库造腔思路:基于室内对井采卤物理模拟实验,通过双井造腔连通方式与井距实验模拟,对小井距双井造腔自然溶通技术的可行性进行了分析和造腔效果预测,创建了盐穴储气库小井距双井自然溶通造腔工艺,并进行了现场先导性试验和声呐检测。结果表明:(1)利用双井可加快盐穴造腔速度,试验井比单井造腔速度提高了1.7倍;(2)要建造规则、可被检测的盐腔,宜采用小井距、自然溶通的造腔方式;(3)建造单腔有效体积为30×10~4 m~3的模拟预测方案显示,较之于单井造腔,双井造腔可缩短工期25%(约1年)、降低能耗55%左右。结论认为,双井造腔工艺在加快造腔进度、降低能耗方面效果显著,应加快对该工艺的攻关研究与现场试验,以期尽早推广应用。
Single-well solution mining of salt cavern underground gas storages suffers from low construction speeds and long construction periods. In view of this, the brine extraction technologies applied in salt mines were investigated in this paper. Then, referring to the technical ideas of pair-well solution mining in salt mines, a solution mining idea of "single-well sump building, natural solution and communication, and cavern construction by twin-well convection" was proposed for salt cavern gas storages. Based on a physical simulation experiment of laboratory pair-well brine extraction, the communication mode and well spacing of twin-well solution mining were experimentally simulated to analyze the feasibility of natural solution and communication technology based on the small-spacing twin well for solution mining and to predict its solution mining results. The small-spacing twin well natural solution and communication process for solution mining of salt cavern gas storages was built, and field pilot tests and acoustic detection were carried out. And the following research results were obtained. First, the cavern construction speed increases by using the twin well, and the resulted cavern construction speed in the experiment increases by 1.7 times. Second, to build regular and detectable salt caverns, it is advisable to adopt the solution mining technology of small-spacing natural solution and communication. Third, it is indicated from the simulation prediction plan of building a single cavern with an effective volume of 30×10~4 m~3 that compared with single-well solution mining, twin-well solution mining is 25% shorter in construction period(about 1 year) and 55% less in energy consumption. It is concluded that twin-well solution mining plays a remarkable role in accelerating cavern construction and reducing energy consumption, so it is necessary to speed up its research and field tests so as to realize its popularization and application as soon as possible.
Single-well solution mining of salt cavern underground gas storages suffers from low construction speeds and long construction periods. In view of this, the brine extraction technologies applied in salt mines were investigated in this paper. Then, referring to the technical ideas of pair-well solution mining in salt mines, a solution mining idea of "single-well sump building, natural solution and communication, and cavern construction by twin-well convection" was proposed for salt cavern gas storages. Based on a physical simulation experiment of laboratory pair-well brine extraction, the communication mode and well spacing of twin-well solution mining were experimentally simulated to analyze the feasibility of natural solution and communication technology based on the small-spacing twin well for solution mining and to predict its solution mining results. The small-spacing twin well natural solution and communication process for solution mining of salt cavern gas storages was built, and field pilot tests and acoustic detection were carried out. And the following research results were obtained. First, the cavern construction speed increases by using the twin well, and the resulted cavern construction speed in the experiment increases by 1.7 times. Second, to build regular and detectable salt caverns, it is advisable to adopt the solution mining technology of small-spacing natural solution and communication. Third, it is indicated from the simulation prediction plan of building a single cavern with an effective volume of 30×10~4 m~3 that compared with single-well solution mining, twin-well solution mining is 25% shorter in construction period(about 1 year) and 55% less in energy consumption. It is concluded that twin-well solution mining plays a remarkable role in accelerating cavern construction and reducing energy consumption, so it is necessary to speed up its research and field tests so as to realize its popularization and application as soon as possible.
引文
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[8]杨再葆,张香云,邓德鲜,王建国.盐穴型地下储气库注采井造腔工艺[J].油气井测试,2010,19(4):67-69.Yang Zaibao,Zhang Xiangyun,Deng Dexian&Wang Jianguo.Cavern process for injection well of underground salt cavern gas storage[J].Well Testing,2010,19(4):67-69.
[9]袁光杰,申瑞臣,田中兰,袁进平,高彦尊,路立君,等.快速造腔技术的研究及现场应用[J].石油学报,2006,27(4):139-142.Yuan Guangjie,Shen Ruichen,Tian Zhonglan,Yuan Jinping,Gao Yanzun,Lu Lijun,et al.Research and field application of quickspeed solution mining technology[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(4):139-142.
[10]宋先知,李根生,王海柱,袁光杰,袁进平.多夹层岩盐自振空化射流造腔技术研究[J].石油机械,2009,37(12):20-23.Song Xianzhi,Li Gensheng,Wang Haizhu,Yuan Guangjie&Yuan Jinping.Research on the technology of multi-interbedded halite cavity construction by self-excited vibration cavitation jet[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2009,37(12):20-23.
[11]班凡生,肖立志,袁光杰,杨长来.地下盐穴储气库快速建槽技术及其应用[J].天然气工业,2012,32(9):77-79.Ban Fansheng,Xiao Lizhi,Yuan Guangjie&Yang Changlai.Rapid solution mining technology for underground gas storage in salt caverns and case histories[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(9):77-79.
[12]班凡生.层状盐层造腔提速技术研究及应用[J].中国井矿盐,2015,46(6):16-18.Ban Fansheng.The research and application of layered salt cavity making acceleration technology[J].China Well and Rock Salt,2015,46(6):16-18.
[13]郑雅丽,完颜祺琪,丁国生,赵艳杰,李清山.盐穴地下储气库大尺寸管柱造腔方式效果分析[J].油气储运,2015,34(2):158-161.Zheng Yali,Wanyan Qiqi,Ding Guosheng,Zhao Yanjie&Li Qingshan.Effect analysis of cavity building with large-size pipe string for underground salt cavern gas storage[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(2):158-161.
[14]郑雅丽,赵艳杰,丁国生,武志德,陆守权,赖欣,等.厚夹层盐穴储气库扩大储气空间造腔技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(1):137-143.Zheng Yali,Zhao Yanjie,Ding Guosheng,Wu Zhide,Lu Shouquan,Lai Xin,et al.Solution mining technology of enlarging space for thick-sandwich salt cavern storage[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(1):137-143.
[15]漆智先,湛精华,华继军.赵集盐矿开采方法探讨[J].中国井矿盐,2001,32(1):26-29.Qi Zhixian,Zhan Jinghua&Hua Jijun.Discussion on the method of salt mining in the Zhaoji salt mine[J].China Well and Rock Salt,2001,32(1):26-29.
[16]樊传忠.盐矿水平对接井开采的几个关键问题[J].中国井矿盐,2015,46(5):13-16.Fan Chuanzhong.Essential issues of horizontal butted well mining[J].China Well and Rock Salt,2015,46(5):13-16.
[17]崔贵平,唐孟龙.定向对接井的应用与发展趋势[J].中国井矿盐,2001,32(3):18-20.Cui Guiping&Tang Menglong.Applications on technology of the directional drilling in exploitation of the well and rock salt[J].China Well and Rock Salt,2001,32(3):18-20.
[18]易胜利.岩盐钻井水溶双井连通开采工艺的研究与推广[J].中国井矿盐,2003,34(6):20-23.Yi Shengli.Study on and popularization of the communication mining process of double wells in rock salt drilling[J].China Well and Rock Salt,2003,34(6):20-23.
[19]杨海军,李建君,王晓刚,何俊,井岗,闫凤林.盐穴储气库注采运行过程中的腔体形状检测[J].石油化工应用,2014,33(2):22-25.Yang Haijun,Li Jianjun,Wang Xiaogang,He Jun,Jing Gang&Yan Fenglin.Shape survey of underground salt cavern gas storage during operation[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2014,33(2):22-25.
[20]屈丹安,施锡林,李银平,杨春和,马洪岭,张桂民.盐穴储气库建槽工程实践与顶板极限跨度分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增刊2):3703-3709.Qu Dan'an,Shi Xilin,Li Yinping,Yang Chunhe,Ma Hongling&Zhang Guimin.Engineering practice and analysis of limit roof diameter in building sump of salt cavern for gas storage[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(S2):3703-3709.
[21]郭凯,李建君,郑贤斌.盐穴储气库造腔过程夹层处理工艺——以西气东输金坛储气库为例[J].油气储运,2015,34(2):162-166.Guo Kai,Li Jianjun&Zheng Xianbin.Interlayer treatment process in cavity building for salt cavern gas storage-A case study of Jintan Gas Storage of West-to-East Gas Pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(2):162-166.
[22]杨海军,于胜男.金坛地下储气库盐腔偏溶与井斜的关系[J].油气储运,2015,34(2):145-149.Yang Haijun&Yu Shengnan.Relationship between salt cavern partial melting and well deviation of Jintan Underground Gas Storage[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(2):145-149.
[2]郭彬,房德华,王秀平,张少武.国外盐穴地下天然气储气库建库技术发展[J].断块油气田,2002,9(1):78-80.Guo Bin,Fang Dehua,Wang Xiuping&Zhang Shaowu.Construction and operation of underground storage cavern of natural gas in salt cavern[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2002,9(1):78-80.
[3]丁国生.盐穴地下储气库建库技术[J].天然气工业,2003,23(2):106-108.Ding Guosheng.Underground gas storage in salt caverns[J].Natural Gas Industry,2003,23(2):106-108.
[4]丁国生.金坛盐穴地下储气库建库关键技术综述[J].天然气工业,2007,27(3):111-113.Ding Guosheng.General introduction on key technologies of the construction of Jintan underground salt cavern gas storage[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(3):111-113.
[5]班凡生,朱维耀,单文文,高树生.岩盐储气库水溶建腔施工参数优化[J].天然气工业,2005,25(12):108-110.Ban Fansheng,Zhu Weiyao,Shan Wenwen&Gao Shusheng.Optimization of operating parameters for salt dome gas storages formed by water solution[J].Natural Gas Industry,2005,25(12):108-110.
[6]班凡生,高树生.岩盐储气库水溶建腔优化设计研究[J].天然气工业,2007,27(2):114-116.Ban Fansheng&Gao Shusheng.Research on design proposal optimization of salt cavern gas storage building with water solution[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(2):114-116.
[7]田中兰,夏柏如.盐穴储气库造腔工艺技术研究[J].现代地质,2008,22(1):97-102.Tian Zhonglan&Xia Boru.Research of solution mining techniques on salt cavern gas storage[J].Geoscience,2008,22(1):97-102.
[8]杨再葆,张香云,邓德鲜,王建国.盐穴型地下储气库注采井造腔工艺[J].油气井测试,2010,19(4):67-69.Yang Zaibao,Zhang Xiangyun,Deng Dexian&Wang Jianguo.Cavern process for injection well of underground salt cavern gas storage[J].Well Testing,2010,19(4):67-69.
[9]袁光杰,申瑞臣,田中兰,袁进平,高彦尊,路立君,等.快速造腔技术的研究及现场应用[J].石油学报,2006,27(4):139-142.Yuan Guangjie,Shen Ruichen,Tian Zhonglan,Yuan Jinping,Gao Yanzun,Lu Lijun,et al.Research and field application of quickspeed solution mining technology[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(4):139-142.
[10]宋先知,李根生,王海柱,袁光杰,袁进平.多夹层岩盐自振空化射流造腔技术研究[J].石油机械,2009,37(12):20-23.Song Xianzhi,Li Gensheng,Wang Haizhu,Yuan Guangjie&Yuan Jinping.Research on the technology of multi-interbedded halite cavity construction by self-excited vibration cavitation jet[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2009,37(12):20-23.
[11]班凡生,肖立志,袁光杰,杨长来.地下盐穴储气库快速建槽技术及其应用[J].天然气工业,2012,32(9):77-79.Ban Fansheng,Xiao Lizhi,Yuan Guangjie&Yang Changlai.Rapid solution mining technology for underground gas storage in salt caverns and case histories[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(9):77-79.
[12]班凡生.层状盐层造腔提速技术研究及应用[J].中国井矿盐,2015,46(6):16-18.Ban Fansheng.The research and application of layered salt cavity making acceleration technology[J].China Well and Rock Salt,2015,46(6):16-18.
[13]郑雅丽,完颜祺琪,丁国生,赵艳杰,李清山.盐穴地下储气库大尺寸管柱造腔方式效果分析[J].油气储运,2015,34(2):158-161.Zheng Yali,Wanyan Qiqi,Ding Guosheng,Zhao Yanjie&Li Qingshan.Effect analysis of cavity building with large-size pipe string for underground salt cavern gas storage[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(2):158-161.
[14]郑雅丽,赵艳杰,丁国生,武志德,陆守权,赖欣,等.厚夹层盐穴储气库扩大储气空间造腔技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(1):137-143.Zheng Yali,Zhao Yanjie,Ding Guosheng,Wu Zhide,Lu Shouquan,Lai Xin,et al.Solution mining technology of enlarging space for thick-sandwich salt cavern storage[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(1):137-143.
[15]漆智先,湛精华,华继军.赵集盐矿开采方法探讨[J].中国井矿盐,2001,32(1):26-29.Qi Zhixian,Zhan Jinghua&Hua Jijun.Discussion on the method of salt mining in the Zhaoji salt mine[J].China Well and Rock Salt,2001,32(1):26-29.
[16]樊传忠.盐矿水平对接井开采的几个关键问题[J].中国井矿盐,2015,46(5):13-16.Fan Chuanzhong.Essential issues of horizontal butted well mining[J].China Well and Rock Salt,2015,46(5):13-16.
[17]崔贵平,唐孟龙.定向对接井的应用与发展趋势[J].中国井矿盐,2001,32(3):18-20.Cui Guiping&Tang Menglong.Applications on technology of the directional drilling in exploitation of the well and rock salt[J].China Well and Rock Salt,2001,32(3):18-20.
[18]易胜利.岩盐钻井水溶双井连通开采工艺的研究与推广[J].中国井矿盐,2003,34(6):20-23.Yi Shengli.Study on and popularization of the communication mining process of double wells in rock salt drilling[J].China Well and Rock Salt,2003,34(6):20-23.
[19]杨海军,李建君,王晓刚,何俊,井岗,闫凤林.盐穴储气库注采运行过程中的腔体形状检测[J].石油化工应用,2014,33(2):22-25.Yang Haijun,Li Jianjun,Wang Xiaogang,He Jun,Jing Gang&Yan Fenglin.Shape survey of underground salt cavern gas storage during operation[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2014,33(2):22-25.
[20]屈丹安,施锡林,李银平,杨春和,马洪岭,张桂民.盐穴储气库建槽工程实践与顶板极限跨度分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增刊2):3703-3709.Qu Dan'an,Shi Xilin,Li Yinping,Yang Chunhe,Ma Hongling&Zhang Guimin.Engineering practice and analysis of limit roof diameter in building sump of salt cavern for gas storage[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(S2):3703-3709.
[21]郭凯,李建君,郑贤斌.盐穴储气库造腔过程夹层处理工艺——以西气东输金坛储气库为例[J].油气储运,2015,34(2):162-166.Guo Kai,Li Jianjun&Zheng Xianbin.Interlayer treatment process in cavity building for salt cavern gas storage-A case study of Jintan Gas Storage of West-to-East Gas Pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(2):162-166.
[22]杨海军,于胜男.金坛地下储气库盐腔偏溶与井斜的关系[J].油气储运,2015,34(2):145-149.Yang Haijun&Yu Shengnan.Relationship between salt cavern partial melting and well deviation of Jintan Underground Gas Storage[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(2):145-149.