冲击波治疗骨不连发展及现状
|
摘要
骨不连是骨科临床工作的难点之一,体外冲击波疗法(extracorporeal shock wave therapy,ESWT)用于骨不连的预防与治疗,创伤小、风险低、疗效确切且便于临床操作。自1988年ESWT首次被用于治疗骨不连后假关节形成以来,ESWT就作为治疗骨不连的一种重要方法广受关注。经过近30年的发展,ESWT已经在治疗骨不连方面取得了巨大进展,临床调查和实验室研究均支持将ESWT作为一种有效且安全的方法治疗骨不连。本文就ESWT治疗骨不连的发展及现状进行综述。
Nonunion is still one of the dif?culties in orthopedic clinical work. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy(ESWT) is used for the prevention and treatment of nonunion, which has the advantages of little trauma, low risk, exact curative effect and convenient clinical operation. Since it was ?rst used to treat pseudoarthrosis after nonunion in 1988, ESWT has received much attention as an important treatment for nonunion. After nearly 30 years of development, ESWT has made great progress in the treatment. Whether it is clinical investigation or laboratory research, ESWT has been con?rmed as an effective and safe method to treat nonunion. This article reviews the development and current status of ESWT in the treatment of nonunion.
Nonunion is still one of the dif?culties in orthopedic clinical work. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy(ESWT) is used for the prevention and treatment of nonunion, which has the advantages of little trauma, low risk, exact curative effect and convenient clinical operation. Since it was ?rst used to treat pseudoarthrosis after nonunion in 1988, ESWT has received much attention as an important treatment for nonunion. After nearly 30 years of development, ESWT has made great progress in the treatment. Whether it is clinical investigation or laboratory research, ESWT has been con?rmed as an effective and safe method to treat nonunion. This article reviews the development and current status of ESWT in the treatment of nonunion.
引文
[1]Einhorn TA.Enhancement of fracture-healing[J].J Bone Joint Surg Am,1995,77(6):940-956.
[2]Yin P,Zhang L,Li T,et al.Infected nonunion of tibia and femur treated by bone transport[J].J Orthop Surg Res,2015,10:49.
[3]Zura R,Mehta S,Della Rocca GJ,et al.Biological risk factors for nonunion of bone fracture[J].JBJS Rev,2016,4(1):01874474-201601000-00005.
[4]Malizos KN,Koutalos A,Papatheodorou L,et al.Vascularized bone grafting and distal radius osteotomy for scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse[J].J Hand Surg Am,2014,39(5):872-879.
[5]Toth-Kischkat A.Principles of shockwave therapy[M]//Coombs R,Schaden W,Zhou S.Musculoskeletal shockwave therapy.London:GMM,2000:3-10.
[6]Trebinjac S,Muji?-Skiki?E,Ninkovi?M,et al.Extracorporeal shock wave therapy in orthopaedic diseases[J].J Basic Med Sci,2005,5(2):27-32.
[7]Schaden W.Shockwave treatment for chronic non-union and pseudoarthroses[M]//Coombs R,Schaden W,Zhou S.Musculoskeletal shockwave therapy.London:GMM,2000:197-202.
[8]Maier M,Steinborn M,Schmitz C,et al.Extracorporeal shock wave application for chronic plantar fasciitis associated with heel spurs:prediction of outcome by magnetic resonance imaging[J].J Rheumatol,2000,27(10):2455-2462.
[9]Rompe JD,Zoellner J,Nafe B.Shock wave therapy versus conventional surgery in the treatment of calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder[J].Clin Orthop Relat Res,2001(387):72-82.
[10]Maier M,Steinborn M,Schmitz C,et al.Extracorporeal shockwave therapy for chronic lateral tennis elbow-prediction of outcome by imaging[J].Arch Orthop Trauma Surg,2001,121(7):379-384.
[11]Schaden W,Fischer A,Sailler A.Extracorporeal shock wave therapy of nonunion or delayed osseous union[J].Clin Orthop Relat Res,2001(387):90-94
[12]Vogel J,Rompe JD,Hopf C,et al.High-energy extraco rporeal shock-wave therapy(ESWT)in the treatment of pseudar throsis[J].Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb,1997,135(2):145-149.
[13]Birnbaum K,Wirtz DC,Siebert CH,et al.Use of extracorporeal shock-wave therapy(ESWT)in the treatment of non-unions.a review of the literature[J].Arch Orthop Trauma Surg,2002,122(6):324-330.
[14]Haupt G.Use of extracorporeal shock wave in the treatment of pseudoar-throsis,tendinopathy and other orthopaedic diseases[J].J Urol,1997,158(1):4-11.
[15]Valchanou VD,Michailow P.High energy shock waves in the treatment of delayed and non-union of fractures[J].Int Orthop,1991,15(3):181-184.
[16]Wang CJ,Chen HS,Chen CE,et al.Treatment of non-unions of long bone fractures with shock waves[J].Clin Orthop Rel Res,2001,387(387):95-101.
[17]Vogel J,Hoph C,Eysel P,et al.Application of extracorporeal shockwaves in the treatment of pseudoarthrosis of the lower extremity:preliminary results[J].Arch Orthop Trauma Surg,1997,116(8):480-483.
[18]Rompe JD,Rosendahl T,Sch?llner C,et al.High-energy extracorporeal shock wave treatment of nonunions[J].Clin Orthop,2001(387):102-111.
[19]Schleberger R,Senge T.Noninvasive treatment of long bone pseu doarthrosis by shock waves(ESWL)[J].Arch Orthop Trau ma Surg,1992,111(4):224-227.
[20]Lambiris E,Panagopoulos A,Zouboulis P,et al.Current Concepts:Aseptic Nonunion of Femoral Shaft Diaphysis[J].Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg,2007,33(2):120-134.
[21]Taki M,Iwata O,Shiono M,et al.Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for resistant stress fracture in athletes:A report of 5cases[J].Am J Sports Med,2007,35(7):1188-1192.
[22]Cacchio A,Giordano L,Colafarina O,et al.Extracorporeal shock-wave therapy compared with surgery for hypertrophic long-bone nonunions[J].J Bone Joint Surg Am,2009,91(11):2589-2597.
[23]Longo UG,Trovato U,Loppini M,et al.Tissue engineered strategies for pseudoarthrosis[J].Open Orthop J,2012,6:564-570.
[24]Furia JP,Juliano PJ,Wade AM,et al.Shock wave therapy compared with intramedullary screw fixation for nonunion of proximal fifth metatarsal metaphyseal-diaphyseal fractures[J].JBone Joint Surg Am,2010,92(4):846-854.
[25]Zelle BA,Gollwitzer H,Zlowodzki M,et al.Extracorporeal shock wave therapy:current evidence[J].J Orthop Trauma,2010,24 Suppl 1:S66-S70.
[26]Alvarez RG,Cincere B,Channappa C,et al.Extracorporeal shock wave treatment of non-or delayed union of proximal metatarsal fractures[J].Foot Ankle Int,2011,32(8):746-754.
[27]Wang CJ,Huang CC,Wang JW,et al.Long-term results of extracorporeal shockwave therapy and core decompression in osteonecrosis of the femoral head with eight-to nine-year follow up[J].Biomed J,2012,35(6):481-485.
[28]Griffin XL,Parsons N,Costa ML,et al.Ultrasound and shockwave therapy for acute fractures in adults[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2014(6):CD008579.
[29]Alkhawashki HM.Shock wave therapy of fracture nonunion[J].Injury,2015,46(11):2248-2252.
[30]Kuo SJ,Su IC,Wang CJ,et al.Extracorporeal shockwave therapy(ESWT)in the treatment of atrophic non-unions of femoral shaft fractures[J].Int J Surg,2015,24(Pt B):131-134.
[31]Buza JA 3rd,Einhorn T.Bone healing in 2016[J].Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab,2016,13(2):101-105.
[32]Quadlbauer S,Pezzei C,Beer T,et al.Treatment of scaphoid waist nonunion by one,two headless compression screws or plate with or without additional extracorporeal shockwave therapy[J].Arch Orthop Trauma Surg,2019,139(2):281-293.
[33]Haupt G,Haupt A,Ekkernkamp A,et al.Influence of shock waves on fracture healing[J].Urology,1992,39(6):529-532.
[34]Johannes EJ,Kaulesar Sukul DM,et al.High-energy shock waves for the treatment of nonunions:an experiment on dogs[J].J Surg Res,1994,57(2):246-252.
[35]Delius M,Draenert K,Diek YA,et al.Biological effects of shock waves:in vivo effect of high energy pulses on rabbit bone[J].Ultrasound Med Biol,1995,21(9):1219-1225.
[36]Johannes EJ,Kaulesar Sukul DM,Matura E.High energy shock wave for treatment of nonunion:an experiment on dogs[J].J Surg Res,1994,57(2):246-252.
[37]Rompe JD,Eysel P,Hopf C,et al.Extracorporeal shockwave treatment of delayed bone healing:A critical assessment[J].Unfallchirurg,1997,100(10):845-849.
[38]Wang CJ,Huang HY,Chen HH,et al.Effect of shock wave therapy on acute fractures of the tibia:a study in a dog model[J].Clin Orthop Relat Res,2001(387):112-118.
[39]Wang FS,Yang KD,Kuo YR,et al.Temporal and spatial expression of bone morphogenetic proteins in extracorporeal shock wave-promoted healing of segmental defect[J].Bone,2003,32(4):387-396.
[40]Chen YJ,Kuo YR,Yang KD,et al.Shock wave application enhances pertussis toxin protein-sensitive bone formation of segmental femoral defect in rats[J].J Bone Miner Res,2003,18(12):2169-2179.
[41]Takahashi K,Yamazaki M,Saisu T,et al.Gene expression for extracellular matrix proteins in shockwave-induced osteogenesis in rats[J].Calcifed Tissue Int,2004,74(2):187-193.
[42]Martini L,Giavaresi G,Fini M,et al.Effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on osteoblastlike cells[J].Clin Orthop Relat Res,2003(413):269-280.
[43]Wang CJ.An overview of shock wave therapy in musculoskeletal disorders[J].Chang Gung Med J,2003,26(4):220-232.
[44]Wang FS,Yang KD,Chen RF,et al.Extracorporeal shock wave promotes growth and differentiation of bone-marrow stromal cells towards osteoprogenitors associated with induction of TGF-beta1[J].J Bone Joint Surg Br,2002,84(3):457-461.
[45]Wang FS,Wang CJ,Sheen-Chen SM,et al.Superoxide mediates shock wave induction of ERK-dependent osteogenic transcr iption factor(CBFA1)and mesenchymal cell differen tiation toward osteoprogenitors[J].J Biol Chem,2002,277(13):10931-10937.
[46]Wang FS,Yang KD,Wang CJ,et al.Shockwave stimulates oxygen radical-mediated osteogenesis of the mesenchymal cells from human umbilical cord blood[J].J Bone Miner Res,2004,19(6):973-982.
[47]Wang FS,Wang CJ,Chen YJ,et al.Ras induction of superoxide activates ERK-dependent angiogenic transcription factor HIF-1alpha and VEGF-A expression in shock wave-stimulated osteoblasts[J].J Biol Chem,2004,279(11):10331-10337.
[48]Hausdorf J,Sievers B,Schmitt-Sody M,et al.Stimulation of bone growth factor synthesis in human osteoblasts and fibroblasts after extracorporeal shock wave application[J].Arch Orthop Trauma Surg,2011,131(3):303-309.
[49]Sathishkumar S,Meka A,Dawson D,et al.Extracorporeal shock wave therapy induces alveolar bone regeneration[J].JDent Res,2008,87(7):687-691.
[50]Qi H,Jin S,Yin C,et al.Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy promotes osteochondral regeneration of knee joints in rabbits[J].Exp Ther Med,2018,16(4):3478-3484.
[2]Yin P,Zhang L,Li T,et al.Infected nonunion of tibia and femur treated by bone transport[J].J Orthop Surg Res,2015,10:49.
[3]Zura R,Mehta S,Della Rocca GJ,et al.Biological risk factors for nonunion of bone fracture[J].JBJS Rev,2016,4(1):01874474-201601000-00005.
[4]Malizos KN,Koutalos A,Papatheodorou L,et al.Vascularized bone grafting and distal radius osteotomy for scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse[J].J Hand Surg Am,2014,39(5):872-879.
[5]Toth-Kischkat A.Principles of shockwave therapy[M]//Coombs R,Schaden W,Zhou S.Musculoskeletal shockwave therapy.London:GMM,2000:3-10.
[6]Trebinjac S,Muji?-Skiki?E,Ninkovi?M,et al.Extracorporeal shock wave therapy in orthopaedic diseases[J].J Basic Med Sci,2005,5(2):27-32.
[7]Schaden W.Shockwave treatment for chronic non-union and pseudoarthroses[M]//Coombs R,Schaden W,Zhou S.Musculoskeletal shockwave therapy.London:GMM,2000:197-202.
[8]Maier M,Steinborn M,Schmitz C,et al.Extracorporeal shock wave application for chronic plantar fasciitis associated with heel spurs:prediction of outcome by magnetic resonance imaging[J].J Rheumatol,2000,27(10):2455-2462.
[9]Rompe JD,Zoellner J,Nafe B.Shock wave therapy versus conventional surgery in the treatment of calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder[J].Clin Orthop Relat Res,2001(387):72-82.
[10]Maier M,Steinborn M,Schmitz C,et al.Extracorporeal shockwave therapy for chronic lateral tennis elbow-prediction of outcome by imaging[J].Arch Orthop Trauma Surg,2001,121(7):379-384.
[11]Schaden W,Fischer A,Sailler A.Extracorporeal shock wave therapy of nonunion or delayed osseous union[J].Clin Orthop Relat Res,2001(387):90-94
[12]Vogel J,Rompe JD,Hopf C,et al.High-energy extraco rporeal shock-wave therapy(ESWT)in the treatment of pseudar throsis[J].Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb,1997,135(2):145-149.
[13]Birnbaum K,Wirtz DC,Siebert CH,et al.Use of extracorporeal shock-wave therapy(ESWT)in the treatment of non-unions.a review of the literature[J].Arch Orthop Trauma Surg,2002,122(6):324-330.
[14]Haupt G.Use of extracorporeal shock wave in the treatment of pseudoar-throsis,tendinopathy and other orthopaedic diseases[J].J Urol,1997,158(1):4-11.
[15]Valchanou VD,Michailow P.High energy shock waves in the treatment of delayed and non-union of fractures[J].Int Orthop,1991,15(3):181-184.
[16]Wang CJ,Chen HS,Chen CE,et al.Treatment of non-unions of long bone fractures with shock waves[J].Clin Orthop Rel Res,2001,387(387):95-101.
[17]Vogel J,Hoph C,Eysel P,et al.Application of extracorporeal shockwaves in the treatment of pseudoarthrosis of the lower extremity:preliminary results[J].Arch Orthop Trauma Surg,1997,116(8):480-483.
[18]Rompe JD,Rosendahl T,Sch?llner C,et al.High-energy extracorporeal shock wave treatment of nonunions[J].Clin Orthop,2001(387):102-111.
[19]Schleberger R,Senge T.Noninvasive treatment of long bone pseu doarthrosis by shock waves(ESWL)[J].Arch Orthop Trau ma Surg,1992,111(4):224-227.
[20]Lambiris E,Panagopoulos A,Zouboulis P,et al.Current Concepts:Aseptic Nonunion of Femoral Shaft Diaphysis[J].Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg,2007,33(2):120-134.
[21]Taki M,Iwata O,Shiono M,et al.Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for resistant stress fracture in athletes:A report of 5cases[J].Am J Sports Med,2007,35(7):1188-1192.
[22]Cacchio A,Giordano L,Colafarina O,et al.Extracorporeal shock-wave therapy compared with surgery for hypertrophic long-bone nonunions[J].J Bone Joint Surg Am,2009,91(11):2589-2597.
[23]Longo UG,Trovato U,Loppini M,et al.Tissue engineered strategies for pseudoarthrosis[J].Open Orthop J,2012,6:564-570.
[24]Furia JP,Juliano PJ,Wade AM,et al.Shock wave therapy compared with intramedullary screw fixation for nonunion of proximal fifth metatarsal metaphyseal-diaphyseal fractures[J].JBone Joint Surg Am,2010,92(4):846-854.
[25]Zelle BA,Gollwitzer H,Zlowodzki M,et al.Extracorporeal shock wave therapy:current evidence[J].J Orthop Trauma,2010,24 Suppl 1:S66-S70.
[26]Alvarez RG,Cincere B,Channappa C,et al.Extracorporeal shock wave treatment of non-or delayed union of proximal metatarsal fractures[J].Foot Ankle Int,2011,32(8):746-754.
[27]Wang CJ,Huang CC,Wang JW,et al.Long-term results of extracorporeal shockwave therapy and core decompression in osteonecrosis of the femoral head with eight-to nine-year follow up[J].Biomed J,2012,35(6):481-485.
[28]Griffin XL,Parsons N,Costa ML,et al.Ultrasound and shockwave therapy for acute fractures in adults[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2014(6):CD008579.
[29]Alkhawashki HM.Shock wave therapy of fracture nonunion[J].Injury,2015,46(11):2248-2252.
[30]Kuo SJ,Su IC,Wang CJ,et al.Extracorporeal shockwave therapy(ESWT)in the treatment of atrophic non-unions of femoral shaft fractures[J].Int J Surg,2015,24(Pt B):131-134.
[31]Buza JA 3rd,Einhorn T.Bone healing in 2016[J].Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab,2016,13(2):101-105.
[32]Quadlbauer S,Pezzei C,Beer T,et al.Treatment of scaphoid waist nonunion by one,two headless compression screws or plate with or without additional extracorporeal shockwave therapy[J].Arch Orthop Trauma Surg,2019,139(2):281-293.
[33]Haupt G,Haupt A,Ekkernkamp A,et al.Influence of shock waves on fracture healing[J].Urology,1992,39(6):529-532.
[34]Johannes EJ,Kaulesar Sukul DM,et al.High-energy shock waves for the treatment of nonunions:an experiment on dogs[J].J Surg Res,1994,57(2):246-252.
[35]Delius M,Draenert K,Diek YA,et al.Biological effects of shock waves:in vivo effect of high energy pulses on rabbit bone[J].Ultrasound Med Biol,1995,21(9):1219-1225.
[36]Johannes EJ,Kaulesar Sukul DM,Matura E.High energy shock wave for treatment of nonunion:an experiment on dogs[J].J Surg Res,1994,57(2):246-252.
[37]Rompe JD,Eysel P,Hopf C,et al.Extracorporeal shockwave treatment of delayed bone healing:A critical assessment[J].Unfallchirurg,1997,100(10):845-849.
[38]Wang CJ,Huang HY,Chen HH,et al.Effect of shock wave therapy on acute fractures of the tibia:a study in a dog model[J].Clin Orthop Relat Res,2001(387):112-118.
[39]Wang FS,Yang KD,Kuo YR,et al.Temporal and spatial expression of bone morphogenetic proteins in extracorporeal shock wave-promoted healing of segmental defect[J].Bone,2003,32(4):387-396.
[40]Chen YJ,Kuo YR,Yang KD,et al.Shock wave application enhances pertussis toxin protein-sensitive bone formation of segmental femoral defect in rats[J].J Bone Miner Res,2003,18(12):2169-2179.
[41]Takahashi K,Yamazaki M,Saisu T,et al.Gene expression for extracellular matrix proteins in shockwave-induced osteogenesis in rats[J].Calcifed Tissue Int,2004,74(2):187-193.
[42]Martini L,Giavaresi G,Fini M,et al.Effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on osteoblastlike cells[J].Clin Orthop Relat Res,2003(413):269-280.
[43]Wang CJ.An overview of shock wave therapy in musculoskeletal disorders[J].Chang Gung Med J,2003,26(4):220-232.
[44]Wang FS,Yang KD,Chen RF,et al.Extracorporeal shock wave promotes growth and differentiation of bone-marrow stromal cells towards osteoprogenitors associated with induction of TGF-beta1[J].J Bone Joint Surg Br,2002,84(3):457-461.
[45]Wang FS,Wang CJ,Sheen-Chen SM,et al.Superoxide mediates shock wave induction of ERK-dependent osteogenic transcr iption factor(CBFA1)and mesenchymal cell differen tiation toward osteoprogenitors[J].J Biol Chem,2002,277(13):10931-10937.
[46]Wang FS,Yang KD,Wang CJ,et al.Shockwave stimulates oxygen radical-mediated osteogenesis of the mesenchymal cells from human umbilical cord blood[J].J Bone Miner Res,2004,19(6):973-982.
[47]Wang FS,Wang CJ,Chen YJ,et al.Ras induction of superoxide activates ERK-dependent angiogenic transcription factor HIF-1alpha and VEGF-A expression in shock wave-stimulated osteoblasts[J].J Biol Chem,2004,279(11):10331-10337.
[48]Hausdorf J,Sievers B,Schmitt-Sody M,et al.Stimulation of bone growth factor synthesis in human osteoblasts and fibroblasts after extracorporeal shock wave application[J].Arch Orthop Trauma Surg,2011,131(3):303-309.
[49]Sathishkumar S,Meka A,Dawson D,et al.Extracorporeal shock wave therapy induces alveolar bone regeneration[J].JDent Res,2008,87(7):687-691.
[50]Qi H,Jin S,Yin C,et al.Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy promotes osteochondral regeneration of knee joints in rabbits[J].Exp Ther Med,2018,16(4):3478-3484.