基于“个人遗产—遗产地”的遗产旅游者动机研究——以世界双遗产地武夷山为例
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摘要
旅游者动机是遗产旅游研究的热点之一,现有研究大多忽视了旅游者与遗产地之间的联系。采用扎根理论的研究方法,以世界自然与文化遗产地武夷山为例,对遗产旅游者的动机进行归纳和总结,并进一步探讨其背后的"个人遗产-遗产地"之间的关系。研究发现,遗产旅游者的出行动机主要包括三种类型:情感涉入动机、知识追求动机和非遗产体验动机,其中非遗产旅游体验包括与游客相关的动机和与遗产地相关的动机。在不同类型的动机中,旅游者与遗产地之间会产生某种联系。以情感涉入为主要动机的旅游者,包括怀旧和归属感在内的个人情感会与遗产地发生内在关联;以知识追求为主要动机的旅游者,其认知或知识结构会因遗产地得到加深和拓展;而非遗产旅游体验动机的旅游者与遗产地之间没有明显的联系。
The motivation of tourists is one of the hot spots in heritage tourism research. Most of the researches neglected the connection between tourists and heritage sites. Taking the Wuyi Mountain, a world natural and cultural heritage site, as an example, this study adopts the grounded theory to summarize the motives of heritage tourists and further explore the relationship between the "personal-heritage sites" behind it. The study found that there are three types of travel motivation for heritage tourists: emotional involvement motivation, knowledge pursuing motivation and non-heritage motivation including tourist-related motivations and heritage-related motivations. The connections between tourists and heritage sites exists in different types of motives. The tourists motivated by emotional involvement, associate inherently with heritage sites by the sense of nostalgia or belonging; under the knowledge pursuing motivation, the cognitive or knowledge structure of tourists would be deepened or expanded by the heritage tourism; tourists who are not motivated by heritage tourism experience have no obvious connection with the heritage site. The article enriches relevant research on personal heritage and heritage travel motivation.
The motivation of tourists is one of the hot spots in heritage tourism research. Most of the researches neglected the connection between tourists and heritage sites. Taking the Wuyi Mountain, a world natural and cultural heritage site, as an example, this study adopts the grounded theory to summarize the motives of heritage tourists and further explore the relationship between the "personal-heritage sites" behind it. The study found that there are three types of travel motivation for heritage tourists: emotional involvement motivation, knowledge pursuing motivation and non-heritage motivation including tourist-related motivations and heritage-related motivations. The connections between tourists and heritage sites exists in different types of motives. The tourists motivated by emotional involvement, associate inherently with heritage sites by the sense of nostalgia or belonging; under the knowledge pursuing motivation, the cognitive or knowledge structure of tourists would be deepened or expanded by the heritage tourism; tourists who are not motivated by heritage tourism experience have no obvious connection with the heritage site. The article enriches relevant research on personal heritage and heritage travel motivation.
引文
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[20]张宏梅.文化学习与体验:文化遗产旅游者的核心诉求[J].旅游学刊,2010,25(4):10.
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[2]邓小艳,刘英.符号化运作:世界文化遗产旅游地创新发展的路径选择[J].经济地理,2012,32(9):156-160.
[3]TIMOTHY D J,BOYD S W.TIMOTHY,D.J.&BOYD,S.W.Heritage Tourism in the 21st Century:Valued Traditions and New Perspectives[J].Journal of Heritage Tourism,2006,1(1):1-16.
[4]胡志毅.国外遗产旅游“内生矛盾论”研究述评[J].旅游学刊,2011,26(9):90-96.
[5]PARK H Y.Heritage Tourism:Emotional Journeys into Nationhood[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2010,37(1):116-135.
[6]徐嵩龄.遗产原真性·旅游者价值观偏好·遗产旅游原真性[J].旅游学刊,2008,23(4):35-42.
[7]陈伟凤,陈钢华,黄远水.遗产旅游体验的真实性及其塑造途径研究[J].旅游论坛,2008,19(2):182-185.
[8]ZHAO S,TIMOTHY D J.Tourists’consumption and perceptions of red heritage[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2017,63:97-111.
[9]张朝枝,李文静.遗产旅游研究:从遗产地的旅游到遗产旅游[J].旅游科学,2016,30(1):37-47.
[10]谭申,宋立中,周胜林.近十年境外文化遗产地游客动机研究述评[J].旅游论坛,2011,4(2):17-23.
[11]崔庆明,和琳珊,徐红罡.遗产旅游动机的核心-边缘结构研究:以丽江为例[J].旅游学刊,2016,31(10):84-93.
[12]陆林.山岳旅游地旅游者动机行为研究:黄山旅游者实证分析[J].人文地理,1997(1):10-14.
[13]MCNAMARA K E,PRIDEAUX B.Experiencing'natural'heritage[J].Current Issues in Tourism,2011,14(1):47-55.
[14]PORIA Y,REICHEL A,BIRAN A.Heritage site perceptions and motivations to visit[J].Journal of Travel Research,2006,44(3):318-326.
[15]BANDYOPADHYAY R,MORAIS D B,CHICK G.Religion and identity in India’s heritage tourism[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2008,35(3):790-808.
[16]PORIA Y,REICHEL A,BIRAN A.Heritage site management:motivations and expectations[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2006,33(1):162-178.
[17]BELL V R,DUNCAN T,KLINE C,et al.Experiencing heritage at a World Heritage Site:personal encoun ters with Hadrian's Wall.[J].Annals of Leisure Research,2010,13(1-2):167-190.
[18]高璟,李梦姣,吴必虎.知青怀旧旅游情感与行为的关系研究[J].地域研究与开发,2017,36(2):61-67.
[19]YOON Y,UYSAL M.An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty:a structural model[J].Tourism Management,2005,26(1):45-56.
[20]张宏梅.文化学习与体验:文化遗产旅游者的核心诉求[J].旅游学刊,2010,25(4):10.
[21]李燚.管理创新中的组织学习方式研究[D].上海:复旦大学,2004:24-26.
[22]MCCAIN G,RAY N M.Legacy tourism:the search for personal meaning in heritage travel[J].Tourism Management,2003,24(6):713-717.