激光点云的隧道数据处理及形变分析
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摘要
针对目前隧道的变形监测多是通过经纬仪、水准仪以及全站仪对隧道断面进行观测完成,无法准确、有效地反映隧道整体变形的问题。研究了基于三维激光扫描点云的数据处理及形变分析方法,首先进行隧道断面椭圆拟合,然后利用拟合得到的椭圆参数进行断面长、短半轴形变分析,同时对隧道管片进行拟合以求得观片接头处变形,进而对隧道整体变形进行分析。实验表明,对实测的两期数据截取12个位置相同的断面,利用文中算法进行断面椭圆拟合和形变分析,统计结果显示两期数据拟合所得长、短半轴之差绝对值均小于3mm,且各断面整体形变参考点90%的变形小于3mm,结果充分证明本文介绍的数据处理方法的合理性及有效性,与传统方法相比优势明显,对地铁施工和运行阶段的隧道变形监测具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。
In view of the current deformation monitoring of the tunnel,it is mainly through the theodolite,the level instrument and the total station to observe the tunnel section,which cannot accurately and effectively reflect the problem of the whole deformation of the tunnel.In this paper,the data processing and deformation analysis methods based on 3D laser scanning point cloud are studied.First,the ellipse fitting of the tunnel section,and then the ellipse parameters are used to analyze the long and short semi-axis deformation,and fitting the tunnel segment to obtain the deformation of the segment joint,further analyzing the overall deformation of the tunnel.Select the same location in the two data 12 sections for analysis.The statistical results show that the absolute value of the difference between the long axis and the short axis is less than 3 mm,and 90%of the reference point deformation is less than3 mm.The result proves the rationality and effectiveness of the data processing method introduced in this paper,which has obvious advantages over the traditional methods.
In view of the current deformation monitoring of the tunnel,it is mainly through the theodolite,the level instrument and the total station to observe the tunnel section,which cannot accurately and effectively reflect the problem of the whole deformation of the tunnel.In this paper,the data processing and deformation analysis methods based on 3D laser scanning point cloud are studied.First,the ellipse fitting of the tunnel section,and then the ellipse parameters are used to analyze the long and short semi-axis deformation,and fitting the tunnel segment to obtain the deformation of the segment joint,further analyzing the overall deformation of the tunnel.Select the same location in the two data 12 sections for analysis.The statistical results show that the absolute value of the difference between the long axis and the short axis is less than 3 mm,and 90%of the reference point deformation is less than3 mm.The result proves the rationality and effectiveness of the data processing method introduced in this paper,which has obvious advantages over the traditional methods.
引文
[1]孙昊,姚连璧,谢义林.隧道断面收敛测量与数据处理[J].工程勘察,2010(11):70-74.(SUN Hao,YAO Lianbi,XIE Yilin.Measurement and data processing of tunnel cross section convergence[J].Engineering Survey,2010(11):70-74.)
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[9]刘燕萍,程效军,贾东峰.基于三维激光扫描的隧道收敛分析[J].工程勘察,2013(3):74-77.(LIU Yanping,CHENG Xiaojun,JIA Dongfeng.Analysis of tunnel convergence based on 3Dlaser scanning[J].Engineering Survey,2013(3):74-77.)
[10]何丽娜,王解先.隧道断面中心线形确定的方法讨论[J].工程勘察,2009(9):77-80.(HE Lina,WANG Jiexian.Discussion on the method of linear determination of tunnel cross section center[J].Engineering Survey,2009(9):77-80.)
[11]夏菁.椭圆拟合方法的比较研究[D].广州:暨南大学,2007.(XIA Jing.Comparative study of elliptical fitting methods[D].Guangzhou:Jinan University,2007.)
[12]宫玮清.隧道断面监测的椭圆拟合方法研究[J].测绘工程,2014(7):51-54,58.(GONG Weiqing.The elliptical fitting method of tunnel section monitoring[J].Surveying and Mapping Engineering,2014(7):51-54,58.)
[13]许正文,姚连壁.基于稳健估计的直接最小二乘椭圆拟合[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008(1):77-80.(XU Zhengwen,YAO Lianbi.A direct least squares ellipse fitting based on robust estimation[J].Geodetic Geodesic and Geodynamics,2008(1):77-80.)
[14]王解先,周善石.椭圆形构件变形测量的数据处理[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2007(2):253-256.(WANG Jiexian,ZHOU Shanshi.Data processing of deformation measurement of elliptic components[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science Edition),2007(2):253-256.)
[15]卢小平,王宇飞,杜耀刚.利用点云构建隧道断面的形变监测方法[J].测绘通报,2016(1):80-83.(LU Xiaoping,WANG Yufei,DU Yaogang.Using point cloud to build the deformation monitoring method of tunnel section[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2016(1):80-83.)
[16]李珵,卢小平,朱宁宁,等.基于激光点云的隧道断面连续提取与形变分析方法[J].测绘学报,2015,44(9):1056-1062.(LI Cheng,LU Xiaoping,ZHU Ningning,et al.Based on the laser point cloud tunnel section continuous extraction and deformation analysis method[J].Journal of Surveying and Mapping,2015,44(9):1056-1062.)
[17]王解先,季凯敏.工业测量拟合[M].北京:测绘出版社,2008.(WANG Jiexian,JI Kaimin.Industrial measurement fitting[M].Beijing:Surveying and Mapping Press,2008.)
[2]黄茂华,谢义林.隧道收敛测量方法研究[J].北京测绘,2009(4):14-16.(HUANG Maohua,XIE Yilin.Research on the measurement of the convergence of tunnels[J].Beijing Survey,2009(4):14-16.)
[3]朱宁宁.三维激光扫描在地铁隧道形变监测中的应用[J].测绘工程,2015(5):63-68.(ZHU Ningning.Application of 3Dlaser scanning in the deformation monitoring of subway tunnels[J].Surveying and Mapping Engineering,2015(5):63-68.)
[4]毕俊,冯琰,顾星晔,等.三维激光扫描技术在地铁隧道收敛变形监测中的应用研究[J].测绘科学,2008,33(S2):14-15,6.(BI Jun,FENG Yan,GU Xingye,et al.Research on the application of three-dimensional laser scanning technology in the convergence and deformation monitoring of subway tunnels[J].Surveying and Mapping Science,2008,33(S2):14-15,6.
[5]王令文,程效军,万程辉.基于三维激光扫描技术的隧道监测技术研究[J].工程勘察,2013(7):53-57.)(WANG Lingwen,CHENG Xiaojun,WAN Chenghui.Research on tunnel monitoring technology based on 3Dlaser scanning technology[J].Engineering Survey,2013(7):53-57.)
[6]张蕴明,马全明,李丞鹏.三维激光扫描技术在地铁隧道收敛监测中的应用[J].测绘通报,2012(S1):438-440.(ZHANG Yunming,MA Quanming,LI Chengpeng.The application of three-dimensional laser scanning technology in the convergence and monitoring of subway tunnels[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2012(S1):438-440.)
[7]DELALOYE D,HUTCHINSON J,DIEDERICHS M.Application of elliptical fit algorithm for tunnel deformation with LiDAR[C]//TAC 2012Tunnels and Underground Spaces:Sustainability and Innovations.Montreal,Canada:[S.n.],2012.
[8]托雷,康志忠,谢远成,等.利用三维点云数据的地铁隧道断面连续截取方法研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2013(2):171-175,185.(TUO Lei,KANG Zhizhong,XIE Yuancheng,et al.A continuous interception method of metro tunnels using threedimensional point cloud data[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2013(2):171-175,185.)
[9]刘燕萍,程效军,贾东峰.基于三维激光扫描的隧道收敛分析[J].工程勘察,2013(3):74-77.(LIU Yanping,CHENG Xiaojun,JIA Dongfeng.Analysis of tunnel convergence based on 3Dlaser scanning[J].Engineering Survey,2013(3):74-77.)
[10]何丽娜,王解先.隧道断面中心线形确定的方法讨论[J].工程勘察,2009(9):77-80.(HE Lina,WANG Jiexian.Discussion on the method of linear determination of tunnel cross section center[J].Engineering Survey,2009(9):77-80.)
[11]夏菁.椭圆拟合方法的比较研究[D].广州:暨南大学,2007.(XIA Jing.Comparative study of elliptical fitting methods[D].Guangzhou:Jinan University,2007.)
[12]宫玮清.隧道断面监测的椭圆拟合方法研究[J].测绘工程,2014(7):51-54,58.(GONG Weiqing.The elliptical fitting method of tunnel section monitoring[J].Surveying and Mapping Engineering,2014(7):51-54,58.)
[13]许正文,姚连壁.基于稳健估计的直接最小二乘椭圆拟合[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008(1):77-80.(XU Zhengwen,YAO Lianbi.A direct least squares ellipse fitting based on robust estimation[J].Geodetic Geodesic and Geodynamics,2008(1):77-80.)
[14]王解先,周善石.椭圆形构件变形测量的数据处理[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2007(2):253-256.(WANG Jiexian,ZHOU Shanshi.Data processing of deformation measurement of elliptic components[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science Edition),2007(2):253-256.)
[15]卢小平,王宇飞,杜耀刚.利用点云构建隧道断面的形变监测方法[J].测绘通报,2016(1):80-83.(LU Xiaoping,WANG Yufei,DU Yaogang.Using point cloud to build the deformation monitoring method of tunnel section[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2016(1):80-83.)
[16]李珵,卢小平,朱宁宁,等.基于激光点云的隧道断面连续提取与形变分析方法[J].测绘学报,2015,44(9):1056-1062.(LI Cheng,LU Xiaoping,ZHU Ningning,et al.Based on the laser point cloud tunnel section continuous extraction and deformation analysis method[J].Journal of Surveying and Mapping,2015,44(9):1056-1062.)
[17]王解先,季凯敏.工业测量拟合[M].北京:测绘出版社,2008.(WANG Jiexian,JI Kaimin.Industrial measurement fitting[M].Beijing:Surveying and Mapping Press,2008.)