自然河道中沉水植物苦草对水流的生理响应
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摘要
通过野外现场研究苦草生长和生理对水流的响应规律。结果表明:30~40 cm/s的水流速度对苦草的生长形态有影响;与静水区相比,动水区中苦草植株矮小、叶片较窄。在植物生长旺季和生殖生长期间,动水对植物细胞内的蛋白质和可溶性糖含量有促进作用,同时也诱导过氧化氢(H2O2)等活性氧上升,使得超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)等抗氧化酶活性相应提高以降低活性氧伤害;30~40 cm/s的流速对苦草生长有一定的影响,但不影响苦草在河道生态修复中的应用。
A field experiment was conducted to investigate the response rule of the growth and physiological parameters of Vallisneria natans to the water flow. The results show that the morphological characteristics of Vallisneria natans can be affected by water flow of 30 ~ 40 cm/s. The leaves of Vallisneria natans plants were smaller and narrower in the flowing water than that in static water. The flowing water improved the production of protein and soluble sugar in plant cells,and induced the concentration of active oxygen species,such as H2 O2,to increase during the plant growth and reproductive growth season,resulting in the increase of activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT to reduce the damage of reactive oxygen. The flow velocity( 30 ~ 40 cm/s) had some effects on the growth of Vallisneria natans,but it did not affect the application of Vallisneria natans on the river ecological restoration.
A field experiment was conducted to investigate the response rule of the growth and physiological parameters of Vallisneria natans to the water flow. The results show that the morphological characteristics of Vallisneria natans can be affected by water flow of 30 ~ 40 cm/s. The leaves of Vallisneria natans plants were smaller and narrower in the flowing water than that in static water. The flowing water improved the production of protein and soluble sugar in plant cells,and induced the concentration of active oxygen species,such as H2 O2,to increase during the plant growth and reproductive growth season,resulting in the increase of activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT to reduce the damage of reactive oxygen. The flow velocity( 30 ~ 40 cm/s) had some effects on the growth of Vallisneria natans,but it did not affect the application of Vallisneria natans on the river ecological restoration.
引文
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[16]PANG Si,ZHANG Songhe,LYU Xiaoyang,et al.Characterization of bacterial community in biofilm and sediments of wetlands dominated by aquatic macrophytes[J].Ecological Engineering,2016,97:242-250.
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[18]BESEMER K,SINGER G,LIMBERGER R,et al.Biophysical controls on community succession in stream biofilms[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2007,73(15):4966-4974.
[19]BATTIN T J,KAPLAN L A,DENIS N J,et al.Contributions of microbial biofilms to ecosystem processes in stream mesocosms[J].Nature,2003,426:439-442.
[20]TONG Yuxin,HE Dongxian.A photoautotrophic in vitro system for evaluating salt tolerance of soybean(Glycine max L.)plants[J].Journal of Tropical Agriculture,2010,48(1/2):40-44.
[21]LIU Lei,LIU Yan,CUI Jie,et al.Oxidative stress induces gastric submucosal arteriolar dysfunction in the elderly[J].World Journal of Gastroenterology,2013,19(48):9439-9446.
[22]ZHANG Yong,TANG Haoru,LUO Ya.Variation in antioxidant enzyme activities of two strawberry cultivars with short-term low temperature stress[J].World Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2008,4(4):458-462.
[23]DENG Yan,WANG Wei,YU Pingfeng,et al.Comparison of taurine,GABA,glu,and asp as scavengers of malondialdehyde in vitro and in vivo[J].Nanoscale Research Letters,2013,8(1):190.
[24]魏华,成水平,吴振斌.水文特征对水生植物的影响[J].现代农业科技,2010(7):13-16.(WEI Hua,CHENG Shuiping,WU Zhenbin.Effects of hydrological characteristics on aquatic plants[J].Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology,2010(7):13-16.(in Chinese))
[25]ZHU Guorong,ZHANG Meng,CAO Te,et al.Associations between the morphology and biomechanical properties of submerged macrophytes:implications for its survival and distribution in Lake Erhai[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74(5):3907-3916.
[26]DAVEY M E,O'TOOLE G A.Microbial biofilms:from ecology to molecular genetics[J].Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews,2000,64(4):847-67.
[27]ZHANG Songhe,PANG Si,WANG Peifang,et al.Responses of bacterial community structure and denitrifying bacteria in biofilm to submerged macrophytes and nitrate[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:36178.
[28]宋玉芝,黄瑾,秦伯强.附着生物对太湖常见的两种沉水植物快速光曲线的影响[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(6):935-940.(SONG Yuzhi,HUANG Jin,QIN Boqiang.Effects of epiphyteon the rapid light curves of two submerged macrophytes in Lake Taihu[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2010,22(6):935-940.(in Chinese))
[29]GADALLAH M A A.Effects of cadmium and kinetin on chlorophyll content,saccharides and dry matter accumulation in sunflower plants[J].Biologia Plantarum,1995,37(2):233.
[30]黄苑媚,刘志刚,谢恩义,等.水流速率对全缘马尾藻幼孢子体生长和生理活性的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2014,34(6):45-50.(HUANG Yuanmei,LIU Zhigang,XIE Enyi,et al.The effects of water velocity on the growth and physiological activitiesof juvenile sporophyte of sargassum integerrimum[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2014,34(6):45-50.(in Chinese))
[31]MADSEN J D,CHAMBERS P A,JAMES W F,et al.The interaction between water movement,sediment dynamics and submersed macrophyte[J].Hydrobiologia,2001,444:71-84.
[32]WANG Jun,XU Qinsong,WEI Shuli,et al.Zinc accumulation and its effects on physiological dynamics and calcium distribution in submerged macrophyte,potamogeton crispus L.[J].Acta Botanica BorealiOccidentalia Sinica,2009,29(11):2249-2255
[33]刑雅囡,阮晓红.硫化物胁迫对马来眼子菜生理生化指标的影响[J].水资源保护,2010,26(4):46-48.(XING Yanan,RUAN Xiaohong.Effects of sulfide(S2-)on physiological and biochemical indicators of potamogeton malaianus[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,26(4):46-48.(in Chinese))
[34]覃晓艳,林萍,马佳,等.五种水生植物对生活污水的生理响应[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(17):4058-4062.(QIN Xiaoyan,LIN Ping,MA Jia,et al.Physiological responses of 5 kinds of hydrophytes to domestic sewage[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2013,52(17):4058-4062.(in Chinese))
[35]WETZEL R G.Limnology:lake and river ecosystems[J].Eos Transactions American Geophysical Union,2001,21(2):1-9.
[36]燕文明,刘凌,赵倩维,等.小型浅水湖泊表层沉积物氨氧化古菌群落结构特征[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(5):449-453.(YAN Wenming,LIU Ling,ZHAO Qianwei,et al.Characteristics of community structure of AOA in surface sediments of small shallow lakes[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2016,44(5):449-453.(in Chinese))
[37]郑世英,商学芳,王景平.可见分光光度法测定盐胁迫下玉米幼苗抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛含量[J].生物技术通报,2010(7):106-109.(ZHENG Shiying,SHANG Xuefang,WANG Jingping.Determination of antioxidant Enzyme activity and contents of MDA in maize seedlings under salt stress with visible spectrophotometry[J].Biotechnology Bulletin,2010(7):106-109.(in Chinese))
[38]李婉路,张光生,成小英.Cd2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Pb2+对菹草生长胁迫影响及其应答机制[J].食品与生物技术学报,2016,35(9):1001-1007.(LI Wanlu,ZHANG Guangsheng,CHENG Xiaoying.Stress effect and response mechanism of Cd2+,Cu2+,Zn2+and Pb2+on Potamogeton crispus L.growth[J].Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology,2016,35(9):1001-1007.(in Chinese))
[39]李轶,殷亚远,王超,等.纳米二氧化钛和铜对大型溞的联合毒性[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(2):95-100.(LI Yi,YIN Yayuan,WANG Chao,et al.Joint toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and copper on daphnia magna[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2016,44(2):95-100.(in Chinese))
[2]HILT S,KHLER J,KOZERSKI HP,et al.Abrupt regime shifts in space and time along rivers and connected lake systems[J].Oikos,2011,120(5):766-775.
[3]刘凯辉,张松贺,吕小央,等.南京花神湖3种沉水植物表面附着微生物群落特征[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(1):103-112.(LIU Kaihui,ZHANG Songhe,LYU Xiaoyang,The characteristics of epiphytic microbes of three submerged macrophytes in Lake Huashen[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2015,27(1):103-112.(in Chinese))
[4]吕小央,张松贺,刘凯辉,等.水生植物-生物膜体系的生态功能与互作机制研究进展[J].水资源保护,2015,31(2):20-25.(LYU Xiaoyang,ZHANG Songhe,LIU Kaihui,et al.Advances in ecological function and interaction mechanism of aquatic macrophyte-biofilm system[J].Water Resources Protection,2015,31(2):20-25.(in Chinese))
[5]吴建强,黄沈发,丁玲.水生植物水体修复机理及其影响因素[J].水资源保护,2007,23(4):18-22.(WU Jianqiang,HUANG Shenfa,DING Ling.Mechanisms of water restoration by aquatic plants and its influencing factors[J].Water Resources Protection,2007,23(4):18-22.(in Chinese))
[6]王寿兵,徐紫然,张洁.滇池高等沉水植物50年变迁状况对生态修复的启示[J].水资源保护,2016,32(6):1-5.(WANG Shoubing,XU Ziran,ZHANG Jie.Dynamic changes of higher submerged macrophytes in Dianchi Lake in recent 50 years and implication for ecological restoration[J].Water Resources Protection,2016,32(6):1-5.(in Chinese))
[7]王琪,周兴东,罗菊花,等.近30年太湖沉水植物优势种遥感监测及变化分析[J].水资源保护,2016,32(5):123-129.(WANG Qi,ZHOU Xingdong,LUO Juhua,et al.Remote sensing monitoring and analysis of dominant species of submerged vegetation in Taihu Lake over last 30 years[J].Water Resources Protection,2016,32(5):123-129.(in Chinese))
[8]宋玉芝,杨美玖,秦伯强.苦草对富营养化水体中氮磷营养盐的生理响应[J].环境科学,2011,32(9):2569-2575.(SONG Yuzhi,YANG Meijiu,QIN Boqiang.Physiological pesponse of vallisneria natans to nitrogen and phosphorus contents in eutrophic waterbody[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(9):2569-2575.(in Chinese))
[9]CAO Te,XIE Ping,LI Zhongqiang,et al.Physiological stress of high NH+4concentration in water column on the submersed macrophyte vallisneria natans L[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2009,82(3):296-299.
[10]WANG Chao,ZHANG Songhe,WANG Peifang,et al.Metabolic adaptations to ammonia-induced oxidative stress in leaves of the submerged macrophyte Vallisneria natans(Lour.)Hara[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2008,87(2):88-98.
[11]王谦,成水平.大型水生植物修复重金属污染水体研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(5):96-102.(WANG Qian,CHENG Shuiping.Review on phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted water by Macrophytes[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2010,33(5):96-102.(in Chinese))
[12]高海荣,黄振旭,卫世乾.铅对沉水植物龙须眼子菜光合作用的影响[J].信阳师范学院学报(自然科学版),2014(2):239-242.(GAO Hairong,HUANG Zhenxu,WEI Shiqian.The effect of Pb2+to the photosynthesis of aquatic macrophyte potamogeton pectinatus[J].Journal of Xinyang Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2014(2):239-242.(in Chinese))
[13]王永平,秦伯强.贫、富营养湖泊中苦草的形态解剖结构比较[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(1):56-60.(WANG Yongping,QIN Boqian.A comparison on morphology and anatomy of vallisneria natans from oligotrophic and eutrophic lakes[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2011,23(1):56-60.(in Chinese))
[14]GONG Lixue,ZHANG Songhe,CHEN Deqiang,et al.Response of biofilms-leaves of two submerged macrophytes to high ammonium[J].Chemosphere,2018,192:152-160.
[15]ZHANG Songhe,PANG Si,WANG Peifang,et al.Responses of bacterial community structure and denitrifying bacteria in biofilm to submerged macrophytes and nitrate[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:361-378.
[16]PANG Si,ZHANG Songhe,LYU Xiaoyang,et al.Characterization of bacterial community in biofilm and sediments of wetlands dominated by aquatic macrophytes[J].Ecological Engineering,2016,97:242-250.
[17]ELLAWALA C,ASAEDA T,KAWAMURA K.Water movement induced variations in growth regulation and metabolism of freshwater macrophyte vallisneria spiralis L.in early growth stages[J].Hydrobiologia,2013,709(1):173-182.
[18]BESEMER K,SINGER G,LIMBERGER R,et al.Biophysical controls on community succession in stream biofilms[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2007,73(15):4966-4974.
[19]BATTIN T J,KAPLAN L A,DENIS N J,et al.Contributions of microbial biofilms to ecosystem processes in stream mesocosms[J].Nature,2003,426:439-442.
[20]TONG Yuxin,HE Dongxian.A photoautotrophic in vitro system for evaluating salt tolerance of soybean(Glycine max L.)plants[J].Journal of Tropical Agriculture,2010,48(1/2):40-44.
[21]LIU Lei,LIU Yan,CUI Jie,et al.Oxidative stress induces gastric submucosal arteriolar dysfunction in the elderly[J].World Journal of Gastroenterology,2013,19(48):9439-9446.
[22]ZHANG Yong,TANG Haoru,LUO Ya.Variation in antioxidant enzyme activities of two strawberry cultivars with short-term low temperature stress[J].World Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2008,4(4):458-462.
[23]DENG Yan,WANG Wei,YU Pingfeng,et al.Comparison of taurine,GABA,glu,and asp as scavengers of malondialdehyde in vitro and in vivo[J].Nanoscale Research Letters,2013,8(1):190.
[24]魏华,成水平,吴振斌.水文特征对水生植物的影响[J].现代农业科技,2010(7):13-16.(WEI Hua,CHENG Shuiping,WU Zhenbin.Effects of hydrological characteristics on aquatic plants[J].Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology,2010(7):13-16.(in Chinese))
[25]ZHU Guorong,ZHANG Meng,CAO Te,et al.Associations between the morphology and biomechanical properties of submerged macrophytes:implications for its survival and distribution in Lake Erhai[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74(5):3907-3916.
[26]DAVEY M E,O'TOOLE G A.Microbial biofilms:from ecology to molecular genetics[J].Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews,2000,64(4):847-67.
[27]ZHANG Songhe,PANG Si,WANG Peifang,et al.Responses of bacterial community structure and denitrifying bacteria in biofilm to submerged macrophytes and nitrate[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:36178.
[28]宋玉芝,黄瑾,秦伯强.附着生物对太湖常见的两种沉水植物快速光曲线的影响[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(6):935-940.(SONG Yuzhi,HUANG Jin,QIN Boqiang.Effects of epiphyteon the rapid light curves of two submerged macrophytes in Lake Taihu[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2010,22(6):935-940.(in Chinese))
[29]GADALLAH M A A.Effects of cadmium and kinetin on chlorophyll content,saccharides and dry matter accumulation in sunflower plants[J].Biologia Plantarum,1995,37(2):233.
[30]黄苑媚,刘志刚,谢恩义,等.水流速率对全缘马尾藻幼孢子体生长和生理活性的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2014,34(6):45-50.(HUANG Yuanmei,LIU Zhigang,XIE Enyi,et al.The effects of water velocity on the growth and physiological activitiesof juvenile sporophyte of sargassum integerrimum[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2014,34(6):45-50.(in Chinese))
[31]MADSEN J D,CHAMBERS P A,JAMES W F,et al.The interaction between water movement,sediment dynamics and submersed macrophyte[J].Hydrobiologia,2001,444:71-84.
[32]WANG Jun,XU Qinsong,WEI Shuli,et al.Zinc accumulation and its effects on physiological dynamics and calcium distribution in submerged macrophyte,potamogeton crispus L.[J].Acta Botanica BorealiOccidentalia Sinica,2009,29(11):2249-2255
[33]刑雅囡,阮晓红.硫化物胁迫对马来眼子菜生理生化指标的影响[J].水资源保护,2010,26(4):46-48.(XING Yanan,RUAN Xiaohong.Effects of sulfide(S2-)on physiological and biochemical indicators of potamogeton malaianus[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,26(4):46-48.(in Chinese))
[34]覃晓艳,林萍,马佳,等.五种水生植物对生活污水的生理响应[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(17):4058-4062.(QIN Xiaoyan,LIN Ping,MA Jia,et al.Physiological responses of 5 kinds of hydrophytes to domestic sewage[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2013,52(17):4058-4062.(in Chinese))
[35]WETZEL R G.Limnology:lake and river ecosystems[J].Eos Transactions American Geophysical Union,2001,21(2):1-9.
[36]燕文明,刘凌,赵倩维,等.小型浅水湖泊表层沉积物氨氧化古菌群落结构特征[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(5):449-453.(YAN Wenming,LIU Ling,ZHAO Qianwei,et al.Characteristics of community structure of AOA in surface sediments of small shallow lakes[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2016,44(5):449-453.(in Chinese))
[37]郑世英,商学芳,王景平.可见分光光度法测定盐胁迫下玉米幼苗抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛含量[J].生物技术通报,2010(7):106-109.(ZHENG Shiying,SHANG Xuefang,WANG Jingping.Determination of antioxidant Enzyme activity and contents of MDA in maize seedlings under salt stress with visible spectrophotometry[J].Biotechnology Bulletin,2010(7):106-109.(in Chinese))
[38]李婉路,张光生,成小英.Cd2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Pb2+对菹草生长胁迫影响及其应答机制[J].食品与生物技术学报,2016,35(9):1001-1007.(LI Wanlu,ZHANG Guangsheng,CHENG Xiaoying.Stress effect and response mechanism of Cd2+,Cu2+,Zn2+and Pb2+on Potamogeton crispus L.growth[J].Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology,2016,35(9):1001-1007.(in Chinese))
[39]李轶,殷亚远,王超,等.纳米二氧化钛和铜对大型溞的联合毒性[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(2):95-100.(LI Yi,YIN Yayuan,WANG Chao,et al.Joint toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and copper on daphnia magna[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2016,44(2):95-100.(in Chinese))