中国城市中小学生午餐满意度现状
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摘要
目的了解中国城市中小学供餐情况及学生满意度,为加强学校供餐管理和改善午餐质量提供依据。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,从北京、上海、哈尔滨、石家庄、广州、长沙、蚌埠、平湖等8个城市的67所中小学中,随机抽取小学二年级、小学五年级、初中二年级学生共15170名进行调查。结果在学校就餐的学生有13297名,占87.7%。调查学校共67所,采用自办食堂、托管食堂、送餐企业供餐的学校分别有26,14,27所,分别占38.8%,20.9%,40.3%;其中21所学校的午餐提供纯牛奶或酸奶,占31.3%。学生对学校午餐整体上非常满意、比较满意、一般、比较不满意、非常不满意的比例分别为40.8%,28.1%,20.1%,7.3%,3.6%;其中初二学生满意率(56.9%)低于小二和小五学生(77.1%,73.5%),自办食堂供餐学生的满意率(73.8%)高于托管食堂和送餐企业供餐的学生(60.5%,66.2%)。学生对学校午餐各项因素的满意率顺位从高到低分别为就餐环境(75.3%)、饭菜份量(71.6%)、饭菜卫生(71.1%)、食物搭配(65.4%)、饭菜外观(60.5%)、饭菜口味(55.9%)。结论学生对学校午餐的满意率尚可,饭菜口味是学生不满意的主要因素。应鼓励学校自办食堂为学生提供午餐,在满足学生正常营养需求的前提下,改善饭菜口味。
Objective To investigate students' satisfaction on school feeding program in 8 cities in China, and to provide the basis for improving school feeding management and lunch quality.Methods Multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used to randomly select the second-, fifth-and eighth-grade students from 67 primary and middle schools in 8 cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin, Shijiazhuang, Guangzhou, Changsha, Bengbu and Pinghu.Results A total of 15475 students participated in the survey, 15170(98.0%) of which were valid questionnaires.A total of 13297(87.7%) students had lunch in school.Twenty-six(38.8%), 14(20.9%) and 27(40.3%) schools served lunch by self-run canteens, custody canteens, and food delivery companies respectively.Twenty-one schools provided milk or yogurt for lunch, accounting for 31.3%.The reported rates of very satisfied, satisfied, moderate, dissatisfied, and extremely dissatisfied among students were 40.8%, 28.1%, 20.1%, 7.3%, and 3.6%, respectively.The satisfaction rate of the eighth-grade students was lower than that of the second-and fifth-grade(56.9% vs 77.1% vs 73.5%).The satisfaction rate among students from schools with self-run canteen was higher than that of custody canteens and food delivery companies(73.8% vs 60.5% vs 66.2%).The satisfaction rate of school lunch is highest in dining surrounding(75.3%), followed by amount of meals(71.6%), food hygiene(71.1%), food combination(65.4%), and the appearance of the food(60.5%), and food taste(55.9%).Conclusion The satisfaction rate of students for school lunch was acceptable.The food taste is the main factor for students' dissatisfaction.Schools should be encouraged to provide lunch in the self-run canteens with tasty food while meeting the nutritional standard.
Objective To investigate students' satisfaction on school feeding program in 8 cities in China, and to provide the basis for improving school feeding management and lunch quality.Methods Multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used to randomly select the second-, fifth-and eighth-grade students from 67 primary and middle schools in 8 cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin, Shijiazhuang, Guangzhou, Changsha, Bengbu and Pinghu.Results A total of 15475 students participated in the survey, 15170(98.0%) of which were valid questionnaires.A total of 13297(87.7%) students had lunch in school.Twenty-six(38.8%), 14(20.9%) and 27(40.3%) schools served lunch by self-run canteens, custody canteens, and food delivery companies respectively.Twenty-one schools provided milk or yogurt for lunch, accounting for 31.3%.The reported rates of very satisfied, satisfied, moderate, dissatisfied, and extremely dissatisfied among students were 40.8%, 28.1%, 20.1%, 7.3%, and 3.6%, respectively.The satisfaction rate of the eighth-grade students was lower than that of the second-and fifth-grade(56.9% vs 77.1% vs 73.5%).The satisfaction rate among students from schools with self-run canteen was higher than that of custody canteens and food delivery companies(73.8% vs 60.5% vs 66.2%).The satisfaction rate of school lunch is highest in dining surrounding(75.3%), followed by amount of meals(71.6%), food hygiene(71.1%), food combination(65.4%), and the appearance of the food(60.5%), and food taste(55.9%).Conclusion The satisfaction rate of students for school lunch was acceptable.The food taste is the main factor for students' dissatisfaction.Schools should be encouraged to provide lunch in the self-run canteens with tasty food while meeting the nutritional standard.
引文
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[14]张利伟,朱琳,勉丽娜,等.北京市崇文区学生午餐现状及满意度调查[J].职业与健康,2016,32(2):177-179.
[15]叶文博,姚家佳,秦晴.上海市227名初中生营养午餐及营养知识状况调查[J].中国学校卫生,2009,30(7):592-593.
[16]吴琼,吕一舟,周海茸,等.南京市小学生午餐满意度影响因素调查[J].江苏预防医学,2017,28(6):728-730.
[2]董彦会,王政和,杨招庚,等.2005年至2014年中国7~18岁儿童青少年营养不良流行现状及趋势变化分析[J].北京大学学报(医学版),2017,49(3):424-432.
[3]VAUDRIN N,LLOYD K,YEDIDIA M J,et al.Impact of the 2010 UShealthy,hunger-free kids act on school breakfast and lunch participation rates between 2008 and 2015[J].Am J Public Health,2018,108(1):84-86.
[4]MANSFIELD J L,SAVAIANO D A.Effect of school wellness policies and the healthy,hunger-free kids act on food-consumption behaviors of students,2006-2016:a systematic review[J].Nutr Rev,2017,75(7):533-552.
[5]ROSETTIE K L,RENATA M,FREDERICK C,et al.Comparative risk assessment of school food environment policies and childhood diets,childhood obesity,and future cardiometabolic mortality in the United States[J].PLoS One,2018,13(7):1-15.
[6]MARTIN A,BOOTH J N,LAIRD Y,et al.Physical activity,diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children and adolescents with obesity or overweight[J].Cochr Data System Rev,2018,3(2):147-150.
[7]SRENSEN L B,DAMSGAARD C T,PETERSEN R A,et al.Differences in the effects of school meals on children’s cognitive performance according to gender,household education and baseline reading skills[J].Eur J Clin Nutr,2016,70(10):1155-1161.
[8]BURROWS T,GOLDMAN S,PURSEY K,et al.Is there an association between dietary intake and academic achievement:a systematic review[J].J Hum Nutr Diet,2017,30(2):117-140.
[9]AL-QEREM W A,LING J,ALBAWAB A Q.Validation of the comprehensive feeding practice questionnaire among school aged children in Jordan:a factor analysis study[J].Inter J Behav Nutr Phy Act,2017,14(1):23-30.
[10]PECKHAM J G,KROPP J D,MROZ T A,et al.Selection and consumption of lunches by National School Lunch Program participants[J].Appetite,2018,133(2):191-198.
[11]HUANG Z,GAO R,BAWUERJIANG N,et al.Food and nutrients intake in the school lunch program among school children in Shanghai,China[J].Nutrients,2017,9(6):1-12.
[12]联合国,中国疾病预防控制中心.全球学校供餐状况2013[M].北京:军事医学科学出版社,2015.
[13]李谡翊,高爱钰,潘勇平,等.北京市东城区学生营养午餐满意度分析[J].中国学校卫生,2013,34(11):1359-1361.
[14]张利伟,朱琳,勉丽娜,等.北京市崇文区学生午餐现状及满意度调查[J].职业与健康,2016,32(2):177-179.
[15]叶文博,姚家佳,秦晴.上海市227名初中生营养午餐及营养知识状况调查[J].中国学校卫生,2009,30(7):592-593.
[16]吴琼,吕一舟,周海茸,等.南京市小学生午餐满意度影响因素调查[J].江苏预防医学,2017,28(6):728-730.