靶向抑制Molt-4 T细胞增殖的Smo-siRNA:筛选和评价
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摘要
背景:研究表明,T淋巴细胞白血病的发生发展与Hedgehog通路的异常有关。Smo基因是该信号通路中的关键基因,控制着Hedgehog信号向细胞膜内的传递。目的:筛选一种可以高效抑制Molt-4细胞株增殖和诱导凋亡的小干扰RNA(Smo-siRNA)。方法:(1)根据siRNA设计原理,设计并化学合成Smo-siRNA 1,2,3以及无关干扰序列的阴性对照siRNA;(2)利用Nuclefector~(TM)核转染仪将以上Smo-siRNA分别转入人T淋巴细胞白血病细胞株(Molt-4细胞),分别在转染24,48,72 h采用qRT-PCR检测Smo mRNA相对表达水平,CCK-8法检测细胞生长抑制率,Hoechst33258染色观察细胞凋亡形态,流式细胞仪(Annexin V/PI法)检测细胞凋亡率。结果与结论:(1)利用Nuclefector~(TM)核转染仪成功将Smo-siRNA转入Molt-4细胞,Smo-siRNA 1沉默效果最佳,有效降低Molt-4细胞Smo mRNA表达水平(P<0.05),并且以48 h作用效果最明显;(2)转染后24 h,Smo-siRNA可明显抑制Molt-4细胞生长(P<0.05);(3)Hoechst染色证实Molt-4细胞符合凋亡的细胞形态学变化;(4)与对照组比较,Smo-siRNA1组细胞的凋亡率明显增加(P<0.05);(5)结果表明,小干扰RNA下调Molt-4细胞Smo基因表达可明显抑制Molt-4细胞增殖,并促进凋亡,提示Smo-siRNA具有作为T细胞白血病靶向基因治疗或者协同治疗的潜能。
BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that the occurrence and development of T lymphocytic leukemia is related to the abnormality of Hedgehog pathway. The Smo gene is a key gene in this signaling pathway and controls the transmission of Hedgehog signaling into the cell membrane. OBJECTIVE: To design and screen a highly efficient and specific Smo-siRNA which is able to downregulate the Smo gene expression in Molt-4 cells, thereby inhibiting the Molt-4 cells proliferation and inducing apoptosis. METHODS:(1) Smo-siRNAs numbered 1, 2 or 3, and the scrambled non-siRNA control(SC) were obtained by chemosynthesis. Untreated and sc-treated cells were used as controls.(2) Smo expression levels in Molt-4 cells were analyzed using qRT-PCR at 24, 48, 72 hours after siRNAs delivered by Nuclefector~(TM). Cell proliferation in vitro was assayed by the cell counting kit-8. The morphology and percentage of apoptotic cells were revealed by Hoechst33258 staining and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Smo-siRNAs were successfully transferred into Molt-4 cells, and exhibited best silencing results. After transfection with Smo-siRNA1, the mRNA level of Smo was significantly reduced(P < 0.05), and the lowest level was at 48 hours after transfection.(2) Cell proliferation of Molt-4 cells was significantly inhibited by Smo-siRNA at 24 hours after transfection.(3) Hoechst staining results showed morphological changes of Molt-4 were in accordance with those of apoptotic cells.(4) The apoptotic rate was significantly increased in the Smo-siRNA group compared with the control group(P < 0.05). Findings from this study showed that suppression of Smo by RNA interference could effectively inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in Molt-4 cells, indicating that Smo-siRNA as gene targeted therapy or synergistic treatment has therapeutic potential in T-cell malignancies.
BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that the occurrence and development of T lymphocytic leukemia is related to the abnormality of Hedgehog pathway. The Smo gene is a key gene in this signaling pathway and controls the transmission of Hedgehog signaling into the cell membrane. OBJECTIVE: To design and screen a highly efficient and specific Smo-siRNA which is able to downregulate the Smo gene expression in Molt-4 cells, thereby inhibiting the Molt-4 cells proliferation and inducing apoptosis. METHODS:(1) Smo-siRNAs numbered 1, 2 or 3, and the scrambled non-siRNA control(SC) were obtained by chemosynthesis. Untreated and sc-treated cells were used as controls.(2) Smo expression levels in Molt-4 cells were analyzed using qRT-PCR at 24, 48, 72 hours after siRNAs delivered by Nuclefector~(TM). Cell proliferation in vitro was assayed by the cell counting kit-8. The morphology and percentage of apoptotic cells were revealed by Hoechst33258 staining and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Smo-siRNAs were successfully transferred into Molt-4 cells, and exhibited best silencing results. After transfection with Smo-siRNA1, the mRNA level of Smo was significantly reduced(P < 0.05), and the lowest level was at 48 hours after transfection.(2) Cell proliferation of Molt-4 cells was significantly inhibited by Smo-siRNA at 24 hours after transfection.(3) Hoechst staining results showed morphological changes of Molt-4 were in accordance with those of apoptotic cells.(4) The apoptotic rate was significantly increased in the Smo-siRNA group compared with the control group(P < 0.05). Findings from this study showed that suppression of Smo by RNA interference could effectively inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in Molt-4 cells, indicating that Smo-siRNA as gene targeted therapy or synergistic treatment has therapeutic potential in T-cell malignancies.
引文
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[3]Taipale J,Beachy PA.The Hedgehog and Wnt signalling pathways in cancer.Nature.2001;411(6835):349-354.
[4]Clement V,Sanchez P,de Tribolet N,et al.HEDGEHOG-GLI1signaling regulates human glioma growth,cancer stem cell self-renewal,and tumorigenicity.Curr Biol.2007;17(2):165-172.
[5]Stecca B,Mas C,Clement V,et al.Melanomas require HEDGEHOG-GLI signaling regulated by interactions between GLI1 and the RAS-MEK/AKT pathways.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2007;104(14):5895-5900.
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[7]Tasaki A,Akiyoshi T,Koga K,et al.Immunohistochemical staining of hedgehog pathway-related proteins in human thymomas.Anticancer Res.2005;25(6A):3697-3701.
[8]Frank-Kamenetsky M,Zhang XM,Bottega S,et al.Small-molecule modulators of Hedgehog signaling:identification and characterization of Smoothened agonists and antagonists.J Biol.2002;1(2):10.
[9]Cooper MK,Porter JA,Young KE,et al.Teratogen-mediated inhibition of target tissue response to Shh signaling.Science.1998;280(5369):1603-1607.
[10]Fan CM,Porter JA,Chiang C,et al.Long-range sclerotome induction by sonic hedgehog:direct role of the amino-terminal cleavage product and modulation by the cyclic AMP signaling pathway.Cell.1995;81(3):457-465.
[11]朱华民,李扬秋.实时定量PCR检测慢性粒细胞白血病患者Shh、Smo基因的表达水[J].第三军医大学学报学报,2014,36(3):267-270.
[12]Livak KJ,Schmittgen TD.Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T))Method.Methods.2001;25(4):402-408.
[13]Singh RR,Cho-Vega JH,Davuluri Y,et al.Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway is activated in ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma.Cancer Res.2009;69(6):2550-2558.
[14]Pola R,Ling LE,Silver M,et al.The morphogen Sonic hedgehog is an indirect angiogenic agent upregulating two families of angiogenic growth factors.Nat Med.2001;7(6):706-711.
[15]Litingtung Y,Chiang C.Specification of ventral neuron types is mediated by an antagonistic interaction between Shh and Gli3.Nat Neurosci.2000;3(10):979-985.
[16]Goodrich LV,Scott MP.Hedgehog and patched in neural development and disease.Neuron.1998;21(6):1243-1257.
[17]Grimm D,Kay MA.Therapeutic application of RNAi:is mR NA targeting finally ready for prime time.J Clin Invest.2007;117(12):3633-3641.
[18]Taipale J,Chen JK,Cooper MK,et al.Effects of oncogenic mutations in Smoothened and Patched can be reversed by cyclopamine.Nature.2000;406(6799):1005-1009.
[19]Taipale J,Cooper MK,Maiti T,et al.Patched acts catalytically to suppress the activity of Smoothened.Nature.2002;418(6900):892-897.
[2]李扬秋,刘启发.血液肿瘤靶向治疗和免疫治疗[J].肿瘤防治研究,2004,31(6):封二,335.
[3]Taipale J,Beachy PA.The Hedgehog and Wnt signalling pathways in cancer.Nature.2001;411(6835):349-354.
[4]Clement V,Sanchez P,de Tribolet N,et al.HEDGEHOG-GLI1signaling regulates human glioma growth,cancer stem cell self-renewal,and tumorigenicity.Curr Biol.2007;17(2):165-172.
[5]Stecca B,Mas C,Clement V,et al.Melanomas require HEDGEHOG-GLI signaling regulated by interactions between GLI1 and the RAS-MEK/AKT pathways.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2007;104(14):5895-5900.
[6]Ingham PW,McM ahon AP.Hedgehog signaling in animal development:paradigms and principles.Genes Dev.2001;15(23):3059-3087.
[7]Tasaki A,Akiyoshi T,Koga K,et al.Immunohistochemical staining of hedgehog pathway-related proteins in human thymomas.Anticancer Res.2005;25(6A):3697-3701.
[8]Frank-Kamenetsky M,Zhang XM,Bottega S,et al.Small-molecule modulators of Hedgehog signaling:identification and characterization of Smoothened agonists and antagonists.J Biol.2002;1(2):10.
[9]Cooper MK,Porter JA,Young KE,et al.Teratogen-mediated inhibition of target tissue response to Shh signaling.Science.1998;280(5369):1603-1607.
[10]Fan CM,Porter JA,Chiang C,et al.Long-range sclerotome induction by sonic hedgehog:direct role of the amino-terminal cleavage product and modulation by the cyclic AMP signaling pathway.Cell.1995;81(3):457-465.
[11]朱华民,李扬秋.实时定量PCR检测慢性粒细胞白血病患者Shh、Smo基因的表达水[J].第三军医大学学报学报,2014,36(3):267-270.
[12]Livak KJ,Schmittgen TD.Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T))Method.Methods.2001;25(4):402-408.
[13]Singh RR,Cho-Vega JH,Davuluri Y,et al.Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway is activated in ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma.Cancer Res.2009;69(6):2550-2558.
[14]Pola R,Ling LE,Silver M,et al.The morphogen Sonic hedgehog is an indirect angiogenic agent upregulating two families of angiogenic growth factors.Nat Med.2001;7(6):706-711.
[15]Litingtung Y,Chiang C.Specification of ventral neuron types is mediated by an antagonistic interaction between Shh and Gli3.Nat Neurosci.2000;3(10):979-985.
[16]Goodrich LV,Scott MP.Hedgehog and patched in neural development and disease.Neuron.1998;21(6):1243-1257.
[17]Grimm D,Kay MA.Therapeutic application of RNAi:is mR NA targeting finally ready for prime time.J Clin Invest.2007;117(12):3633-3641.
[18]Taipale J,Chen JK,Cooper MK,et al.Effects of oncogenic mutations in Smoothened and Patched can be reversed by cyclopamine.Nature.2000;406(6799):1005-1009.
[19]Taipale J,Cooper MK,Maiti T,et al.Patched acts catalytically to suppress the activity of Smoothened.Nature.2002;418(6900):892-897.