流动人口工资水平的民族差异及其分解
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摘要
近年来少数民族流动人口的数量逐渐增多,其工资水平与工资权益问题也引起了社会各界的广泛关注。研究表明:少数民族流动人口的小时工资显著地比汉族流动人口低4. 07%,但随着工资分位的提高,流动人口工资水平的民族差异表现出明显缩小的趋势,在工资分布的顶端甚至不存在显著的民族差异。基于Oaxaca-Blinder分解和Melly分解的结果进一步显示,少数民族和汉族流动人口工资水平差异的62. 31%可以通过个人禀赋特征的民族间差异进行解释;并且随着工资分位的提高,个人禀赋的可解释比例也逐渐上升。因此,从提高少数民族流动人口工资水平和保障其工资权益的角度出发,首先,需加强对少数民族流动人口的劳动执法力度,切实保障他们的正当工资权益;其次,着力提高少数民族人口的受教育程度,缩小他们与汉族流动人口之间的工资差异。
The number of migrant workers from ethnic minorities has gradually increased in recent years,and the issues of their wage levels and their rights for equal payment have caused the society's wide attention. Research has shown that their hourly wage is 4.07% significantly lower than the Han migrants',but with the increase of the wage quantile,the gap shows a significant trend of reduction;especially,at the top of the wage divisions,there is even no significant ethnic differences. Analysis based on OaxacaBlinder and Melly methods further finds that the 62.31% of the wage difference between ethnic minorities and the Han can be explained by the difference between the two's individual endowments;with the increase of the wage quantile,the rate of wage differences that can be explained by individual endowment also rises. Therefore,to increase the ethnic minorities' wage level and protect their legal rights,labor law enforcement must be strengthened and measures should be taken to enhance their level of education so as to reduce the differences.
The number of migrant workers from ethnic minorities has gradually increased in recent years,and the issues of their wage levels and their rights for equal payment have caused the society's wide attention. Research has shown that their hourly wage is 4.07% significantly lower than the Han migrants',but with the increase of the wage quantile,the gap shows a significant trend of reduction;especially,at the top of the wage divisions,there is even no significant ethnic differences. Analysis based on OaxacaBlinder and Melly methods further finds that the 62.31% of the wage difference between ethnic minorities and the Han can be explained by the difference between the two's individual endowments;with the increase of the wage quantile,the rate of wage differences that can be explained by individual endowment also rises. Therefore,to increase the ethnic minorities' wage level and protect their legal rights,labor law enforcement must be strengthened and measures should be taken to enhance their level of education so as to reduce the differences.
引文
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[19]Melly B.Decomposition of Differences in Distribution Using Quanitle Regressions[J].Labour Economics,2005,12(3).
(1)关于该调查的具体介绍,请参见网址:http://www.chinaldrk.org.cn/home/。
[2]朱维群.城市少数民族流动人口工作重在交融[J].民族论坛,2016(12).
[3]青觉.城市少数民族流动人口市民化研究[J].中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2017(1).
[4]马戎.西部开发中的人口流动与族际交往研究[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2012.
[5]汤夺先.论城市少数民族流动人口的权益保障[J].西北第二民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版),2008(5).
[6]郑信哲,周竞红.少数民族人口流动与城市民族关系研究[J].中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2014(4).
[7]Hasmath R,Ho B,Liu E.Ethnic Minority Disadvantages in China’s Labor Market?[J].Ssrn Electronic Journal,2012,16.
[8]高向东,朱蓓倩.城市清真拉面馆从业少数民族流动人口分析--以上海市为例[J].中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2014(1).
[9]丁赛.农村汉族和少数民族收入差异的经验分析[J].中国劳动经济学,2006(4).
[10]常进雄,孙磊.农村劳动力工资性收入的民族差异--以宁夏回族自治区固原市为例[J].管理世界,2008(3).
[11]曲如晓,李世恒,蔡宏波.中国城镇工资水平民族差异的实证分析[J].中央民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2016(5).
[12]苏丽锋.少数民族人口流动特征与就业质量研究[J].民族研究,2015(5).
[13]孙中伟,刘飞,胡双喜.教育不平等与外来工工资的民族差异-兼论少数民族外来工教育获得的“三重弱势”[J].南方人口,2013(1).
[14]Howell A,Fan C.Migration and Inequality in Xinjiang:ASurvey of Han and Uyghur Migrants in Urumqi[J].Eurasian Geography and Economics,2011,52(1).
[15]Mortensen D.Wage Dispersion:Why Are Similar Workers Paid Differently[M].MIT Press,2003.
[16]Wu X,He G,Changing Ethnic Stratification in Contemporary China[J].Journal of Contemporary China,2016,25(102).
[17]Mobius M,Rosenblat T,Wang Q.Ethnic Discrimination:Evidence from China[J].European Economic Review,2016,90(3).
[18]王震.基于分位数回归分解的农民工性别工资差异研究[J].世界经济文汇,2010(4).
[19]Melly B.Decomposition of Differences in Distribution Using Quanitle Regressions[J].Labour Economics,2005,12(3).
(1)关于该调查的具体介绍,请参见网址:http://www.chinaldrk.org.cn/home/。