贵州泥堡金矿成矿流体特征及其地质意义
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摘要
为了查明泥堡金矿成矿流体特征及成矿机制,对断控型矿体主成矿阶段开展流体包裹体显微测温工作。研究结果表明,断控型矿体主成矿阶段流体包裹体类型有Na Cl-H_2O型、CO_2-Na Cl-H_2O型,其均一温度为90～315.6℃,主要集中在120～180℃,其中中温主要集中在200～240℃,盐度为0.35%～12.85%,主要集中在1%～7%,密度为0.803～1.030 g/cm~3。通过软件计算得出断控型矿体成矿流体压力为26.4～64.2 MPa,平均为42.3 MPa,换算成矿深度为1.0～2.43 km,平均为1.6 km。热力学参数计算表明其成矿流体的酸碱度为5.5～6.2,氧化还原电位为0.084～0.324 V,氧逸度(lgf_(O2))主要集中于-45.07～-37.64。成矿流体总体表现为中低温、低盐度、低密度、弱酸性、相对氧化及低氧逸度的特征,并含不同程度的CO_2及少量的CH_4、CO、H_2S等气体。断控型矿体中CO_2-Na Cl-H_2O热液体系的减压沸腾可能是引起矿质沉淀的重要因素,断控型矿体和层控型矿体成矿流体可能主要来源于深源岩浆水,流体运移过程中有大气降水和少量的变质水的加入,成矿可能与深部隐伏岩体的岩浆活动有关。
In order to reveal the characteristics of the ore-forming fluid and the metallogenic mechanism of the Nibao gold deposit,the microscopic temperature measurement of fluid inclusions of the main metallogenic stage of the fault-controlled type orebody was carried out.The results show that NaCl-H_2O type inclusions and CO_2-NaClH_2O type inclusions with homogenization temperatures ranging from 90℃to 315.6℃,salinities is from 0.35%to12.85%Na Cl_(eq),and densities is from 0.803 to 1.030 g/cm~3 are found in quartz and calcite of the main metallogenic stage in fault-controlled type orebody.The pressure of ore-forming fluid of the fault-controlled type orebody is from 26.4 to 64.2 MPa,the mineralization depth is from 1.0 to 2.43 km,the degree of acid and alkaline ranging from 5.5 to 6.2,oxidation-reduction potential ranges from 0.084 to 0.324 V and oxygen fugacity(lgf_(O2))mainly ranging from-45.07 to-37.64.All the results suggest the ore-forming fluid is characterized by low or medium temperature,low salinity,low density,weak acid,relative oxidation and low oxygen fugacity,and contains different degrees of CO_2 and a small amount of CH_4,CO,H_2S and other gases.The mineralization of the fault-controlled type orebody may be caused by the decompression boiling of CO_2-NaCl-H_2O hydrothermal system.Compositions of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes indicate that ore-forming fluid of two types orebody is mainly derived from deep magmatic water as well as possible addition of meteoric water and a small amount of metamorphic water in the process of fluid migration.The mineralization may be related to the magmatic activity of the deep concealed rock body.
In order to reveal the characteristics of the ore-forming fluid and the metallogenic mechanism of the Nibao gold deposit,the microscopic temperature measurement of fluid inclusions of the main metallogenic stage of the fault-controlled type orebody was carried out.The results show that NaCl-H_2O type inclusions and CO_2-NaClH_2O type inclusions with homogenization temperatures ranging from 90℃to 315.6℃,salinities is from 0.35%to12.85%Na Cl_(eq),and densities is from 0.803 to 1.030 g/cm~3 are found in quartz and calcite of the main metallogenic stage in fault-controlled type orebody.The pressure of ore-forming fluid of the fault-controlled type orebody is from 26.4 to 64.2 MPa,the mineralization depth is from 1.0 to 2.43 km,the degree of acid and alkaline ranging from 5.5 to 6.2,oxidation-reduction potential ranges from 0.084 to 0.324 V and oxygen fugacity(lgf_(O2))mainly ranging from-45.07 to-37.64.All the results suggest the ore-forming fluid is characterized by low or medium temperature,low salinity,low density,weak acid,relative oxidation and low oxygen fugacity,and contains different degrees of CO_2 and a small amount of CH_4,CO,H_2S and other gases.The mineralization of the fault-controlled type orebody may be caused by the decompression boiling of CO_2-NaCl-H_2O hydrothermal system.Compositions of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes indicate that ore-forming fluid of two types orebody is mainly derived from deep magmatic water as well as possible addition of meteoric water and a small amount of metamorphic water in the process of fluid migration.The mineralization may be related to the magmatic activity of the deep concealed rock body.
引文
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7郑禄林,杨瑞东,陈军,等.黔西南普安泥堡大型金矿床黄铁矿与毒砂标型特征及金的赋存状态[J].地质论评,2017,63(5):1361-1377Zheng Lulin,Yang Ruidong,Chen Jun,et al.Typomorphic characteristics of pyrite,arsenopyrite and occurrence of gold in the giant Nibao gold deposit,Pu'an,Southwestern Guizhou[J].Geological Review,2017,63(5):1361-1377
8王疆丽,林方成,侯林,等.贵州泥堡金矿床流体包裹体特征及其成矿意义[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2014,33(5):688-699Wang Jiangli,Lin Fangcheng,Hou Lin,et al.Characteristics and metallogenic significance of fluid Inclusions in the Nibao gold deposit,Guizhou[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2014,33(5):688-699
9谢贤洋,冯定素,陈懋弘,等.贵州泥堡金矿床的流体包裹体和稳定同位素地球化学研究及其矿床成因意义[J].岩石学报,2016,32(11):3360-3376Xie Xianyang,Feng Dingsu,Chen Maohong,et al.Fluid inclusion and stable isotope geochemistry study of the Nibao gold deposit,Guizhou and insights into ore genesis[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2016,32(11):3360-3376
10李俊海,刘建中,张双菊,等.黔西南泥堡特大型金矿床的新发现及其控矿因素[J].地质科技情报,2016,35(4):144-149Li Junhai,Liu Jianzhong,Zhang Shuangju,et al.New discovery and ore-Controlling factors of the large scale Nibao gold deposit in southwestern Guizhou Province[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2016,35(4):144-149
11曾允孚,刘文均,陈洪德,等.华南右江复合盆地的沉积构造演化[J].地质学报,1995,69(2):113-124Zeng Yunfu,Liu Wenjun,Chen Hongde,et al.Evolution of sedimentation and tectonics of the Youjiang composite basin,South China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1995,69(2):113-124
12 Chen M H,Mao J W,Li C,et al.Re-Os isochron ages for arsenopyrite from Carlin-like gold deposits in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi“golden triangle”,southwestern China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2015,64:316-327
13祁连素,李俊海,张应国,等.贵州省黔西南州泥堡金矿勘查(阶段性)报告[R].贵阳:贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局105地质大队,2013Qi Liansu,Li Junhai,Zhang Yingguo,et al.Report on exploration(phased)of the Nibao gold deposit in Southwestern Guizhou Province[R].Guiyang:105 Geological Team of Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Guizhou Province,2013
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15 Hall D L,Sterner S M,Bodnar R J.Freezing point depression of Na Cl-KCl-H2O solutions[J].Economic Geology,1988,83(1):197-202
16刘斌,沈昆.流体包裹体热力学[M].北京:地质出版社,1999Liu Bin,Shen Kun.Thermodynamics of fluid inclusions[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1999
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