不同苗龄楸树叶片营养成分的季节性变化
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摘要
以楸树优良无性系杂楸1号和杂楸3号的1年生、 2年生和3年生苗龄的幼苗作为供试对象,测定不同季节叶片含水率、维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、氨基酸以及次生代谢物黄酮、蒽醌类化合物的含量,对不同苗龄楸树在不同季节叶片营养成分进行综合评价.结果表明:8月的2年生和3年生杂楸1号、 8月的3年生杂楸3号和10月的2年生杂楸3号具有高产量、高含糖量、富含维生素C等优点,综合评价最高,可进行饲用营养研究.建议采摘2年生和3年生苗龄的楸树叶片,采摘时间为8月前后.
In order to understand the seasonal variation in feeding value of the leaves of manchurian catalpa(Catalpa bungei), leaf samples on the 1-, 2-and 3-year-old plants of the good clones No 1 and No 3 were taken at different seasons, and moisture content, vitamin C, soluble sugars, soluble protein, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash, amino acids and secondary metabolites of flavonoids and anthraquinone compounds in them were analyzed. Their nutrient compositions were comprehensively studied with principal component analysis. The results showed that the 2-and 3-year-old catalpa clone 1 and clone 3 in August and 2-year-old clone 3 in October had the advantage of high yield and high sugar content, and were rich in minerals and in vitamin C. It is recommended that leaves of 2-and 3-year-old C. bungei trees be harvested around August.
In order to understand the seasonal variation in feeding value of the leaves of manchurian catalpa(Catalpa bungei), leaf samples on the 1-, 2-and 3-year-old plants of the good clones No 1 and No 3 were taken at different seasons, and moisture content, vitamin C, soluble sugars, soluble protein, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash, amino acids and secondary metabolites of flavonoids and anthraquinone compounds in them were analyzed. Their nutrient compositions were comprehensively studied with principal component analysis. The results showed that the 2-and 3-year-old catalpa clone 1 and clone 3 in August and 2-year-old clone 3 in October had the advantage of high yield and high sugar content, and were rich in minerals and in vitamin C. It is recommended that leaves of 2-and 3-year-old C. bungei trees be harvested around August.
引文
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[4]梅芳,王军辉,贾继文,等.楸树种质生长和叶部性状的遗传多样性[J].植物遗传资源学报,2014,15(1):206-210.
[5]邱权,李吉跃,王军辉,等.水肥耦合效应对楸树苗期叶片净光合速率和SPAD值的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(11):3459-3468.
[6]马丽娜,赵秋玲,陈静,等.3种楸树1年生苗木叶片光合速率和光合功能的垂直梯度变化[J].西部林业科学,2014,43(5):101-105.
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[13]陈焕文,宋庆宇,刘宏伟,等.测定抗坏血酸的亚甲蓝褪色光度法[J].分析测试学报,2001,20(2):55-57.
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[15]付迪,沈艳红,宛燕飞,等.OPA-FMOC在线柱前衍生化HPLC法测定甘露聚糖肽中氨基酸组成及含量[J].分析试验室,2016,35(3):353-356.
[16]鲁彦,郭建宇,朱贤,等.超声提取-分光光度法测定大黄中总蒽醌类化合物[J].理化检验(化学分册),2011,47(3):297-298,301.
[17]张成,朱科谕,张庞文,等.苍耳子、田基黄中黄酮类物质提取含量测定及对比研究[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(6):306-313.
[18]徐臣善,高东升.基于主成分分析的设施桃果实品质综合评价[J].食品工业科技,2014,35(23):84-88,94.
[19]宜丽娜,白坤栋,李明霞,等.猫儿山常绿和落叶阔叶树抗性生理生化指标的比较[J].广西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,30(1):83-88.
[20]苏瑾,王迪海.黄土区不同林龄刺槐人工林细根的衰老生理特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(14):4423-4429.
[21]许森,王永梅,赵亚特,等.甘薯薯块生长过程中可溶性糖与淀粉质量分数的变化及其相关性分析[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2011,33(10):31-36.
[22]赵峰侠,尹林克,牟书勇.新疆沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus nanus)渗透调节物质的季节变化与环境因子的关系[J].干旱区地理,2008,31(5):665-672.
[23]李云,张国君,路超,等.四倍体刺槐不同生长时期和部位的叶片的饲料营养价值分析[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(5):580-584.
[24]王景富,王静霞,滕云,等.药食两用植物酸模蒽醌类成分含量测定研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(4):199-204.
[25]杜周和,刘俊凤,左艳春,等.桑叶的营养特性及其饲料开发利用价值[J].草业学报,2011,20(5):192-200.
[26]卓泽群.楸树生长及叶片中总黄酮合成积累特性研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[27]钱利纯,邹晓庭,许梓荣,等.饲粮纤维水平对妊娠母猪繁殖性能和血清生化参数的影响[J].西南农业大学学报,2000,22(4):347-349.
[2]邵金华,黄国文,刘恭.微波辅助水提梓树根皮中抑菌成分的研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,2013,25(8):1081-1084,1145.
[3]赵秋玲,王军辉,马建伟,等.梓树属植物叶片的气孔特征[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(8):21-24.
[4]梅芳,王军辉,贾继文,等.楸树种质生长和叶部性状的遗传多样性[J].植物遗传资源学报,2014,15(1):206-210.
[5]邱权,李吉跃,王军辉,等.水肥耦合效应对楸树苗期叶片净光合速率和SPAD值的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(11):3459-3468.
[6]马丽娜,赵秋玲,陈静,等.3种楸树1年生苗木叶片光合速率和光合功能的垂直梯度变化[J].西部林业科学,2014,43(5):101-105.
[7]MACHIDA K,ANDO M,YAOITA Y,et al.Studies on the Constituents of Catalpa Species VI Monoterpene Glycosides From the Fallen Leaves of Catalpa ovata G.Don[J].Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin,2001,49(6):732-736.
[8]"慧玲,王军辉,马建伟,等.楸树叶片营养生物学及基因型间的遗传变异[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(4):51-56.
[9]徐洪宇,张晓茹,王军辉,等.楸树叶中抗氧化活性成分的分离和鉴定[J].林业科学,2014,50(9):112-117.
[10]徐洪宇,朱丽蓉,董娟娥,等.楸树种子油中活性成分及其粕中黄酮类成分研究[J].中国粮油学报,2016,31(2):64-69.
[11]DALE J E.The Growth of Leaves[M].London:Edward Arnold Publishers,1982.
[12]于小禾,江南平.直接干燥法测定粮食水分的条件优化[J].粮食储藏,2011,40(4):46-49.
[13]陈焕文,宋庆宇,刘宏伟,等.测定抗坏血酸的亚甲蓝褪色光度法[J].分析测试学报,2001,20(2):55-57.
[14]张治安,陈展宇.植物生理学实验技术[M].吉林:吉林大学出版社,2008:111.
[15]付迪,沈艳红,宛燕飞,等.OPA-FMOC在线柱前衍生化HPLC法测定甘露聚糖肽中氨基酸组成及含量[J].分析试验室,2016,35(3):353-356.
[16]鲁彦,郭建宇,朱贤,等.超声提取-分光光度法测定大黄中总蒽醌类化合物[J].理化检验(化学分册),2011,47(3):297-298,301.
[17]张成,朱科谕,张庞文,等.苍耳子、田基黄中黄酮类物质提取含量测定及对比研究[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(6):306-313.
[18]徐臣善,高东升.基于主成分分析的设施桃果实品质综合评价[J].食品工业科技,2014,35(23):84-88,94.
[19]宜丽娜,白坤栋,李明霞,等.猫儿山常绿和落叶阔叶树抗性生理生化指标的比较[J].广西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,30(1):83-88.
[20]苏瑾,王迪海.黄土区不同林龄刺槐人工林细根的衰老生理特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(14):4423-4429.
[21]许森,王永梅,赵亚特,等.甘薯薯块生长过程中可溶性糖与淀粉质量分数的变化及其相关性分析[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2011,33(10):31-36.
[22]赵峰侠,尹林克,牟书勇.新疆沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus nanus)渗透调节物质的季节变化与环境因子的关系[J].干旱区地理,2008,31(5):665-672.
[23]李云,张国君,路超,等.四倍体刺槐不同生长时期和部位的叶片的饲料营养价值分析[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(5):580-584.
[24]王景富,王静霞,滕云,等.药食两用植物酸模蒽醌类成分含量测定研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(4):199-204.
[25]杜周和,刘俊凤,左艳春,等.桑叶的营养特性及其饲料开发利用价值[J].草业学报,2011,20(5):192-200.
[26]卓泽群.楸树生长及叶片中总黄酮合成积累特性研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[27]钱利纯,邹晓庭,许梓荣,等.饲粮纤维水平对妊娠母猪繁殖性能和血清生化参数的影响[J].西南农业大学学报,2000,22(4):347-349.