多花黑麦草与紫花苜蓿混合青贮发酵品质和体外消化率的研究
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摘要
本试验旨在研究多花黑麦草与紫花苜蓿不同比例混合青贮对其发酵品质和体外消化率的影响,以期筛选出二者适宜的混合青贮比例。采用完全随机设计,试验分为4组,分别将多花黑麦草与紫花苜蓿的混合比例设定为100∶0(对照组)、85∶15(A1组)、70∶30(A2组)、55∶45(A3组)(鲜重基础),每组5个重复。青贮发酵42 d后全部开封取样,测定其发酵品质和体外消化率。结果表明:1)随着紫花苜蓿比例升高,干物质回收率逐渐升高,A3组显著高于对照组、A1组(P<0.05); A2和A3组pH显著高于对照组和A1组(P <0. 05);随着紫花苜蓿比例的升高,乳酸含量逐渐降低,A3组显著低于对照组(P<0.05); A2和A3组氨态氮/总氮显著低于对照组(P<0.05);各组V-score评分较高(>90),具有优质的发酵品质。2) A1、A2和A3组粗蛋白质含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05); A2和A3组粗灰分含量显著高于A1和对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,A3组粗蛋白质体外消化率、干物质体外消化率和中性洗涤纤维体外消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。由此可见,提高多花黑麦草和紫花苜蓿混合青贮饲料中紫花苜蓿的比例不仅未影响发酵品质,而且还提高了青贮饲料的营养价值和体外消化率。从发酵品质和营养价值综合考虑,建议多花黑麦草和紫花苜蓿以55∶45比例混合青贮较为适宜。
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ensiling different ratios of Italian ryegrass to alfalfa on the fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility of mixed silage,and to select more suitable mixed silage ratio. This experiment was conducted to 4 groups according to completely random design. The ratios of Italian ryegrass to alfalfa( fresh weight basis) were 100∶0( control group),85∶15( A1 group),70∶30( A2 group),55∶45( A3 group),respectively. After 42 d formation,the fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility of mixed silage were detected. The results showed as follows: 1) with the increasing ratio of alfalfa,dry matter recovery increased,A3 group was significantly higher than control group and A1 group( P<0.05); pH in A2 and A3 groups was significantly higher than that in control group and A1 group( P <0.05); with the increasing ratio of alfalfa,lactic acid content decreased,A3 group was significantly lower than control group( P<0.05); ammoniacal nitrogen/total nitrogen in A2 and A3 groups was significantly lower than that in control group( P<0.05); V-score of each group was higher( >90),the mixed silage had higher quality fermentation quality. 2) Crude protein content in A1,A2,A3 groups was significantly higher than that in control group( P<0.05); ash content in A1,A2 groups was significantly higher than that A1 group and control group. Compared with control group,the in vitro digestibility of crude protein,dry matter and neutral detergent fiber in A3 group significantly increased( P<0.05). Our findings suggest that replacement of Italian ryegrass with alfalfa had no unfavourable effects on the fermentation quality,and can improve nutrient values and in vitro digestibility. Comprehensive consideration,it is suggested that more suitable ratio of Italian ryegrass to alfalfa is 55∶45.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ensiling different ratios of Italian ryegrass to alfalfa on the fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility of mixed silage,and to select more suitable mixed silage ratio. This experiment was conducted to 4 groups according to completely random design. The ratios of Italian ryegrass to alfalfa( fresh weight basis) were 100∶0( control group),85∶15( A1 group),70∶30( A2 group),55∶45( A3 group),respectively. After 42 d formation,the fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility of mixed silage were detected. The results showed as follows: 1) with the increasing ratio of alfalfa,dry matter recovery increased,A3 group was significantly higher than control group and A1 group( P<0.05); pH in A2 and A3 groups was significantly higher than that in control group and A1 group( P <0.05); with the increasing ratio of alfalfa,lactic acid content decreased,A3 group was significantly lower than control group( P<0.05); ammoniacal nitrogen/total nitrogen in A2 and A3 groups was significantly lower than that in control group( P<0.05); V-score of each group was higher( >90),the mixed silage had higher quality fermentation quality. 2) Crude protein content in A1,A2,A3 groups was significantly higher than that in control group( P<0.05); ash content in A1,A2 groups was significantly higher than that A1 group and control group. Compared with control group,the in vitro digestibility of crude protein,dry matter and neutral detergent fiber in A3 group significantly increased( P<0.05). Our findings suggest that replacement of Italian ryegrass with alfalfa had no unfavourable effects on the fermentation quality,and can improve nutrient values and in vitro digestibility. Comprehensive consideration,it is suggested that more suitable ratio of Italian ryegrass to alfalfa is 55∶45.
引文
[1]王郝为,侯振平,杨焕胜,等.几种非常规粗饲料养分及其饲用价值的比较研究[J].草地学报,2018,26(1):189-194.
[2]DUNIRE L,SINDOU J,CHAUCHEYRAS-DURANDF,et al.Silage processing and strategies to prevent persistence of undesirable microorganisms[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2013,182(1/2/3/4):1-15.
[3]郭金桂,宋灵峰,玉柱,等.混合比例对紫花苜蓿与燕麦混贮品质的动态影响[J].中国草地学报,2018,40(1):73-79.
[4]葛剑,刘贵河,杨翠军,等.紫花苜蓿混合青贮研究进展[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(9):6-10,17.
[5]MUSTAFA A F,CHRISTENSEN D A,MCKINNON J J.Effects of pea,barley,and alfalfa silage on ruminal nutrient degradability and performance of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2000,83(12):2859-2865.
[6]SALAWU M B,WARREN E H,ADESOGAN A T.Fermentation characteristics,aerobic stability and ruminal degradation of ensiled pea/wheat bi-crop forages treated with two microbial inoculants,formic acid or quebracho tannins[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2001,81(13):1263-1268.
[7]HAN K J,COLLINS M,VANZANT E S,et al.Bale density and moisture effects on alfalfa round bale silage[J].Crop Science,2004,44(3):914-919.
[8]CHEN L,GUO G,YU C Q,et al.The effects of replacement of whole-plant corn with oat and common vetch on the fermentation quality,chemical composition and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silage in Tibet[J].Animal Science Journal,2015,86(1):69-76.
[9]SUN G L,LIN X,SHEN L,et al.Mono-PEGylated radix ophiopogonis polysaccharide for the treatment of myocardial ischemia[J].European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,2013,49(4):629-636.
[10]BRODERICK G A,KANG J H.Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1980,63(1):64-75.
[11]云颖,赵苗苗,双胡尔,等.刈割期和添加剂对苜蓿青贮发酵品质和CNCPS蛋白组分的影响[J].草业科学,2017,34(10):2149-2156.
[12]陶雅,李峰,孙启忠,等.小花棘豆与玉米混贮微生物特性及脱除苦马豆素乳酸菌的筛选[J].草业学报,2018,27(8):118-129.
[13]AOAC.Official methods of analysis[M].16th ed.Washington,D.C.:Association of Official Analytical Chemists,1995.
[14]KATOVA A,NAYDENOVA Y.Chemical composition,digestibility and feeding value of perennial ryegrass[J].Journal of Mountain Agriculture on the Balkans,2017,20(1):135-147.
[15]The Evaluation Council of Self-feed Quality.The evaluation manual of crude feed[M].Tokyo:The Association of Grassland and Livestock Products in Japan,2001:82-87.
[16]TILLEY J M A,TERRY R A.A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops[J].Grass and Forage Science,1963,18(2):104-111.
[17]THEODOROU M K,WILLIAMS B A,DHANOA M S,et al.A simple gas production method using a pressure transducer to determine the fermentation kinetics of ruminant feeds[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1994,48(3/4):185-197.
[18]WEINBERG Z G.Preservation of forage crops by solidstate lactic acid fermentation-ensiling[M]//PANDEYA,PANDEY C R,LARROCHE C.Current developments in solid-state fermentation.New York:Springer,2008:443-467.
[19]ZHANG J G,KUMAI S.Effluent and aerobic stability of cellulose and LAB-treated silage of napier grass(Pennisetum purpureum Schum)[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science,2000,13(8):1035-1188.
[20]MCDONALD P,HENDERSON A R,HERON S J E.The biochemistry of silage[M].Marlow,UK:Chalcombe Publish,1991.
[21]许庆方,张翔,崔志文,等.不同添加剂对全株玉米青贮品质的影响[J].草地学报,2009,17(2):157-161.
[22]AMER S,HASSANAT F,BERTHIAUME R,et al.Effects of water soluble carbohydrate content on ensiling characteristics,chemical composition and in vitro gas production of forage millet and forage sorghum silages[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2012,177(1/2):23-29.
[23]MEESKE R,VAN DER MERWE G D,GREYLING J F,et al.The effect of adding an enzyme containing lactic acid bacterial inoculant to big round bale oat silage on intake,milk production and milk composition of Jersey cows[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2002,97(3/4):159-167.
[24]MCDONALD P,EDWARDS R A,GREENHALGH J FD,et al.Animal nutrition[M].6th ed.Harlow Essex,UK:Pearson Education Limited,2002.
[25]MOSELHY M A,BORBA J P,BORBA A E S,et al.Improving the nutritive value,in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of Hedychium gardnerianum silage through application of additives at ensiling time[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2015,206:8-18.
[26]PURSIAINEN P,TUORI M.Effect of ensiling field bean,field pea and common vetch in different proportions with whole-crop wheat using formic acid or an inoculant on fermentation characteristics[J].Grass and Forage Science,2008,63(1):60-78
[27]JACOBS J L,WARD G N.Effect of cereal and pea monocultures and combinations and silage additives on wholecrop cereal silage nutritive and fermentation characteristics[J].Animal Production Science,2013,53(5):427-436.
[28]WHITER A G,KUNG L,Jr.The Effect of a dry or liquid application of Lactobacillus plantarum MTD1 on the fermentation of alfalfa silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2001,84(10):2195-2202.
[29]GARCIA A D,OLSON W G,OTTERBY D E,et al.Effects of temperature,moisture,and aeration on fermentation of alfalfa silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1989,72(1):93-103.
[30]BAYATKOUHSAR J,TAHMASEBI A M,NASERIAN AA.The effects of microbial inoculation of corn silage on performance of lactating dairy cows[J].Livestock Science,2011,142(1/2/3):170-174
[31]BUREENOK S,SISAATH K,YUANGKLANG C,et al.Ensiling characteristics of silages of Stylo legume(Stylosanthes guianensis),Guinea grass(Panicum maximum)and their mixture,treated with fermented juice of lactic bacteria,and feed intake and digestibility in goats of rations based on these silages[J].Small Ruminant Research,2016,134:84-89.
[32]崔鑫,刘信宝,李志华.紫花苜蓿与多花黑麦草不同质量比青贮饲料的品质分析[J].草地学报,2015,23(2):394-400.
[33]刘秦华,郭刚,宋晓欣,等.西藏多年生黑麦草与紫花苜蓿混合青贮的研究[J].草地学报,2013,21(5):985-990.
[34]蒋向君,章跃树,孙法军,等.紫花苜蓿和意大利黑麦草不同比例混合青贮对发酵品质的影响[J].饲料广角,2014(21):28-30.
[2]DUNIRE L,SINDOU J,CHAUCHEYRAS-DURANDF,et al.Silage processing and strategies to prevent persistence of undesirable microorganisms[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2013,182(1/2/3/4):1-15.
[3]郭金桂,宋灵峰,玉柱,等.混合比例对紫花苜蓿与燕麦混贮品质的动态影响[J].中国草地学报,2018,40(1):73-79.
[4]葛剑,刘贵河,杨翠军,等.紫花苜蓿混合青贮研究进展[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(9):6-10,17.
[5]MUSTAFA A F,CHRISTENSEN D A,MCKINNON J J.Effects of pea,barley,and alfalfa silage on ruminal nutrient degradability and performance of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2000,83(12):2859-2865.
[6]SALAWU M B,WARREN E H,ADESOGAN A T.Fermentation characteristics,aerobic stability and ruminal degradation of ensiled pea/wheat bi-crop forages treated with two microbial inoculants,formic acid or quebracho tannins[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2001,81(13):1263-1268.
[7]HAN K J,COLLINS M,VANZANT E S,et al.Bale density and moisture effects on alfalfa round bale silage[J].Crop Science,2004,44(3):914-919.
[8]CHEN L,GUO G,YU C Q,et al.The effects of replacement of whole-plant corn with oat and common vetch on the fermentation quality,chemical composition and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silage in Tibet[J].Animal Science Journal,2015,86(1):69-76.
[9]SUN G L,LIN X,SHEN L,et al.Mono-PEGylated radix ophiopogonis polysaccharide for the treatment of myocardial ischemia[J].European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,2013,49(4):629-636.
[10]BRODERICK G A,KANG J H.Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1980,63(1):64-75.
[11]云颖,赵苗苗,双胡尔,等.刈割期和添加剂对苜蓿青贮发酵品质和CNCPS蛋白组分的影响[J].草业科学,2017,34(10):2149-2156.
[12]陶雅,李峰,孙启忠,等.小花棘豆与玉米混贮微生物特性及脱除苦马豆素乳酸菌的筛选[J].草业学报,2018,27(8):118-129.
[13]AOAC.Official methods of analysis[M].16th ed.Washington,D.C.:Association of Official Analytical Chemists,1995.
[14]KATOVA A,NAYDENOVA Y.Chemical composition,digestibility and feeding value of perennial ryegrass[J].Journal of Mountain Agriculture on the Balkans,2017,20(1):135-147.
[15]The Evaluation Council of Self-feed Quality.The evaluation manual of crude feed[M].Tokyo:The Association of Grassland and Livestock Products in Japan,2001:82-87.
[16]TILLEY J M A,TERRY R A.A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops[J].Grass and Forage Science,1963,18(2):104-111.
[17]THEODOROU M K,WILLIAMS B A,DHANOA M S,et al.A simple gas production method using a pressure transducer to determine the fermentation kinetics of ruminant feeds[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1994,48(3/4):185-197.
[18]WEINBERG Z G.Preservation of forage crops by solidstate lactic acid fermentation-ensiling[M]//PANDEYA,PANDEY C R,LARROCHE C.Current developments in solid-state fermentation.New York:Springer,2008:443-467.
[19]ZHANG J G,KUMAI S.Effluent and aerobic stability of cellulose and LAB-treated silage of napier grass(Pennisetum purpureum Schum)[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science,2000,13(8):1035-1188.
[20]MCDONALD P,HENDERSON A R,HERON S J E.The biochemistry of silage[M].Marlow,UK:Chalcombe Publish,1991.
[21]许庆方,张翔,崔志文,等.不同添加剂对全株玉米青贮品质的影响[J].草地学报,2009,17(2):157-161.
[22]AMER S,HASSANAT F,BERTHIAUME R,et al.Effects of water soluble carbohydrate content on ensiling characteristics,chemical composition and in vitro gas production of forage millet and forage sorghum silages[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2012,177(1/2):23-29.
[23]MEESKE R,VAN DER MERWE G D,GREYLING J F,et al.The effect of adding an enzyme containing lactic acid bacterial inoculant to big round bale oat silage on intake,milk production and milk composition of Jersey cows[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2002,97(3/4):159-167.
[24]MCDONALD P,EDWARDS R A,GREENHALGH J FD,et al.Animal nutrition[M].6th ed.Harlow Essex,UK:Pearson Education Limited,2002.
[25]MOSELHY M A,BORBA J P,BORBA A E S,et al.Improving the nutritive value,in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of Hedychium gardnerianum silage through application of additives at ensiling time[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2015,206:8-18.
[26]PURSIAINEN P,TUORI M.Effect of ensiling field bean,field pea and common vetch in different proportions with whole-crop wheat using formic acid or an inoculant on fermentation characteristics[J].Grass and Forage Science,2008,63(1):60-78
[27]JACOBS J L,WARD G N.Effect of cereal and pea monocultures and combinations and silage additives on wholecrop cereal silage nutritive and fermentation characteristics[J].Animal Production Science,2013,53(5):427-436.
[28]WHITER A G,KUNG L,Jr.The Effect of a dry or liquid application of Lactobacillus plantarum MTD1 on the fermentation of alfalfa silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2001,84(10):2195-2202.
[29]GARCIA A D,OLSON W G,OTTERBY D E,et al.Effects of temperature,moisture,and aeration on fermentation of alfalfa silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1989,72(1):93-103.
[30]BAYATKOUHSAR J,TAHMASEBI A M,NASERIAN AA.The effects of microbial inoculation of corn silage on performance of lactating dairy cows[J].Livestock Science,2011,142(1/2/3):170-174
[31]BUREENOK S,SISAATH K,YUANGKLANG C,et al.Ensiling characteristics of silages of Stylo legume(Stylosanthes guianensis),Guinea grass(Panicum maximum)and their mixture,treated with fermented juice of lactic bacteria,and feed intake and digestibility in goats of rations based on these silages[J].Small Ruminant Research,2016,134:84-89.
[32]崔鑫,刘信宝,李志华.紫花苜蓿与多花黑麦草不同质量比青贮饲料的品质分析[J].草地学报,2015,23(2):394-400.
[33]刘秦华,郭刚,宋晓欣,等.西藏多年生黑麦草与紫花苜蓿混合青贮的研究[J].草地学报,2013,21(5):985-990.
[34]蒋向君,章跃树,孙法军,等.紫花苜蓿和意大利黑麦草不同比例混合青贮对发酵品质的影响[J].饲料广角,2014(21):28-30.