浓度和点火位置对氢气-空气预混气爆燃特性影响
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摘要
开展了氢气-空气预混气在透明方管内的爆燃实验研究,分析在一端开口一端封闭的狭长空间内,浓度和点火位置对氢气-空气预混气爆燃特性的影响。实验结果表明:氢气浓度和点火位置对火焰锋面结构以及发展有重要影响;各当量比条件下,均在距封闭端100 mm位置点火时反应最为迅速;在极贫燃或极富燃条件下,点火位置对火焰发展影响更大。氢气浓度与点火位置共同作用于压力波形,以距封闭端300 mm点火位置为界,分别在管道前后两段点火时,不同当量比条件下超压波形呈现复杂变化。超压峰值对氢气浓度具有极强依赖性,并且浓度对爆燃超压的影响程度远大于点火位置;在各点火位置下,均在Φ=1.25时获得最大超压;最大超压对应的点火位置取决于当量比。
To study the effect of the multiple concentrations and ignition locations on the characteristics of the premixed hydrogen-air deflagration, an experimental study is conducted in an elongated transparent square cross-section duct closed at one end and open at the opposite end. The results show that hydrogen concentration andignition position exerted a great impact on the evolution of flame front structures. The reaction under eachequivalence ratio proceeded most rapidly when the mixture was ignited at 100 mm from the closed end. The ignitionposition has a greater influence on flame development in very lean or rich fuel. The hydrogen concentration andignition position simultaneously affected the pressure waveform. The overpressure waveform under differentequivalence ratios presents complex changes when the ignition occurred in the left and right parts of the ductrespectively, with the 300 mm from the closed end as the boundary of ignition position. The overpressure peak has a strong dependence on hydrogen concentration, and the effect of concentration on the overpressure peak is muchgreater than that of ignition location. The maximum overpressure peak was obtained in Φ = 1.25 at all ignitionpositions. the maximum over pressure corresponds to the ignition position which is depending on the equivalence ratio.
To study the effect of the multiple concentrations and ignition locations on the characteristics of the premixed hydrogen-air deflagration, an experimental study is conducted in an elongated transparent square cross-section duct closed at one end and open at the opposite end. The results show that hydrogen concentration andignition position exerted a great impact on the evolution of flame front structures. The reaction under eachequivalence ratio proceeded most rapidly when the mixture was ignited at 100 mm from the closed end. The ignitionposition has a greater influence on flame development in very lean or rich fuel. The hydrogen concentration andignition position simultaneously affected the pressure waveform. The overpressure waveform under differentequivalence ratios presents complex changes when the ignition occurred in the left and right parts of the ductrespectively, with the 300 mm from the closed end as the boundary of ignition position. The overpressure peak has a strong dependence on hydrogen concentration, and the effect of concentration on the overpressure peak is muchgreater than that of ignition location. The maximum overpressure peak was obtained in Φ = 1.25 at all ignitionpositions. the maximum over pressure corresponds to the ignition position which is depending on the equivalence ratio.
引文
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[25] Jin K, Duan Q, Liew K M, et al. Experimental study on a comparison of typical premixed combustible gas-air flame propagation in a horizontal rectangular closed duct[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2017, 327:116-126.
[26]孙少辰,毕明树,刘刚,等.爆轰火焰在管道阻火器内的传播与淬熄特性[J].化工学报, 2016, 67(5):2176-2184.Sun S C, Bi M S, Liu G, et al. Detonation flame propagation and quenching characteristics in crimped-ribbon flame arrester[J].CIESC Journal, 2016, 67(5):2176-2184.
[27]杜扬,李国庆,王世茂,等.障碍物数量对油气泄压爆炸特性的影响[J].化工学报, 2017, 68(7):2946-2955.Du Y, Li G Q, Wang S M, et al. Effects of obstacle number on characteristics of vented gasoline-air mixture explosions[J].CIESC Journal, 2017, 68(7):2946-2955.
[28] Guo J, Liu X, Wang C. Experiments on vented hydrogen-air deflagrations:the influence of hydrogen concentration[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2017, 48:254-259.
[29] Schiavetti M, Carcassi M. Maximum overpressure vs. H-2concentration non-monotonic behavior in vented deflagration.Experimental results[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2017, 42(11):7494-7503.
[30] Yanez J, Kuznetsov M, Grune J. Flame instability of lean hydrogen-air mixtures in a smooth open-ended vertical channel[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2015, 162(7):2830-2839.
[31]崔益清,王志荣,蒋军成.球形容器与管道内甲烷-空气混合物爆炸强度的尺寸效应[J].化工学报, 2012, 63(S2):204-209.Cui Y Q, Wang Z R, Jiang J C. Size effect of methane-air mixture explosion intensity in spherical vessels and pipelines[J]. CIESC Journal, 2012, 63(S2):204-209.
[2] Vishwakarma R K, Ranjan V, Kumar J. Comparison of explosion parameters for methane-air mixture in different cylindrical flameproof enclosures[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2014, 31:82-87.
[3] Kindracki J, Kobiera A, Rarata G, et al. Influence of ignition position and obstacles on explosion development in methane-air mixture in closed vessels[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2007, 20(4/5/6):551-561.
[4] Bi M, Dong C, Zhou Y. Numerical simulation of premixed methane-air deflagration in large L/D closed pipes[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2012, 40:337-342.
[5] Rocourt X, Awamat S, Sochet I, et al. Vented hydrogen-air deflagration in a small enclosed volume[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2014, 39(35):20462-20466.
[6] Cao Y, Guo J, Hu K L, et al. The effect of ignition location on explosion venting of hydrogen-air mixtures[J]. Shock Waves,2017, 27(4):691-697.
[7]曹勇,郭进,胡坤伦,等.点火位置对氢气-空气预混气体泄爆过程的影响[J].爆炸与冲击, 2016, 36(6):847-852.Cao Y, Guo J, Hu K L, et al. Effect of ignition locations on vented explosion of premixed hydrogen-air mixtures[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2016, 36(6):847-852.
[8] Ponizy B, Lever J C. Flame dynamics in a vented vessel connected to a duct(2):Influence of ignition site, membrane rupture, and turbulence[J]. Combustion and Flame, 1999, 116(1):272-281.
[9] Kasmani R M, Andrews G E, Phylaktou H N. Experimental study on vented gas explosion in a cylindrical vessel with a vent duct[J].Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2013, 91(4):245-252.
[10] Willacy S K, Phylaktou H N, Andrews G E, et al. Effect of concentration, ignition and injection position[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2007, 85(2):153-161.
[11] Ferrara G, Di B, Salzano E, et al. CFD analysis of gas explosions vented through relief pipes[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2006, 137(2):654-665.
[12] Xiao H H, Duan Q, Jiang L, et al. Effects of ignition location on premixed hydrogen/air flame propagation in a closed combustion tube[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2014, 39(16):8557-8563.
[13] Bauwens C R, Chaffee J, Dorofeev S. Effect of ignition location,vent size, and obstacles on vented explosion overpressures in propane-air mixtures[J]. Combustion Science and Technology,2010, 182(11/12):1915-1932.
[14]郑立刚,苏洋,李刚,等.点火位置对氢气/甲烷/空气预混气体爆燃特性的影响[J].化工学报, 2017, 68(12):4874-4881.Zheng L G, Su Y, Li G, et al. Effect of ignition position on deflagration characteristics of premixed hydrogen/methane/air[J]. CIESC Journal, 2017, 68(12):4874-4881.
[15] Ibrahim S S, Masri A R. The effects of obstructions on overpressure resulting from premixed flame deflagration[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2001, 14(3):213-221.
[16]余明高,阳旭峰,郑凯,等.障碍物对甲烷/氢气爆炸特性的影响[J].爆炸与冲击, 2018, 38(1):19-27.Yu M G, Yang X F, Zheng K, et al. Effect of obstacles on explosion characteristics of methane/hydrogen[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2018, 38(1):19-27.
[17] National Fire Protection Association. NFPA 69 Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems[S]. 2014.
[18]余明高,袁晨樵,郑凯.管道内障碍物对加氢甲烷爆炸特性的影响[J].化工学报, 2016, 67(12):5311-5319.Yu M G, Yuan C Q, Zheng K. Effects of hydrogen addition on explosion characteristics of gas under condition of obstacles[J].CIESC Journal, 2016, 67(12):5311-5319.
[19]郑立刚,吕先舒,郑凯,等.点火源位置对甲烷-空气爆燃超压特征的影响[J].化工学报, 2015, 66(7):2749-2756.Zheng L G, LYU X S, Zheng K, et al. Influence of ignition position on overpressure of premixed methane-air deflagration[J]. CIESC Journal, 2015, 66(7):2749-275.
[20]温小萍,武建军,解茂昭.瓦斯爆炸火焰结构与压力波的耦合规律[J].化工学报, 2013, 64(10):3871-3877.Wen X P, Wu J J, Xie M Z. Coupled relationship between flame structure and pressure wave of gas explosion[J]. CIESC Journal,2013, 64(10):3871-3877.
[21] Lyu X S, Zheng L G, Zhang Y G, et al. Combined effects of obstacle position and equivalence ratio on overpressure of premixed hydrogen-air explosion[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41(39):17740-17749.
[22] Gonzalez M, Borghi R, Saouab A. Interaction of a flame front with its self-generated flow in an enclosure:the"tulip flame"phenomenon[J]. Combustion and Flame, 1992, 88(2):201-220.
[23] Bychkov V V, Liberman M A. Dynamics and stability of premixed flames[J]. Physics Reports, 2000, 325(4):115-237.
[24] Zheng K, Yu M G, Zheng L G, et al. Experimental study on premixed flame propagation of hydrogen/methane/air deflagration in closed ducts[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2016, 42(8):5426-5438.
[25] Jin K, Duan Q, Liew K M, et al. Experimental study on a comparison of typical premixed combustible gas-air flame propagation in a horizontal rectangular closed duct[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2017, 327:116-126.
[26]孙少辰,毕明树,刘刚,等.爆轰火焰在管道阻火器内的传播与淬熄特性[J].化工学报, 2016, 67(5):2176-2184.Sun S C, Bi M S, Liu G, et al. Detonation flame propagation and quenching characteristics in crimped-ribbon flame arrester[J].CIESC Journal, 2016, 67(5):2176-2184.
[27]杜扬,李国庆,王世茂,等.障碍物数量对油气泄压爆炸特性的影响[J].化工学报, 2017, 68(7):2946-2955.Du Y, Li G Q, Wang S M, et al. Effects of obstacle number on characteristics of vented gasoline-air mixture explosions[J].CIESC Journal, 2017, 68(7):2946-2955.
[28] Guo J, Liu X, Wang C. Experiments on vented hydrogen-air deflagrations:the influence of hydrogen concentration[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2017, 48:254-259.
[29] Schiavetti M, Carcassi M. Maximum overpressure vs. H-2concentration non-monotonic behavior in vented deflagration.Experimental results[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2017, 42(11):7494-7503.
[30] Yanez J, Kuznetsov M, Grune J. Flame instability of lean hydrogen-air mixtures in a smooth open-ended vertical channel[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2015, 162(7):2830-2839.
[31]崔益清,王志荣,蒋军成.球形容器与管道内甲烷-空气混合物爆炸强度的尺寸效应[J].化工学报, 2012, 63(S2):204-209.Cui Y Q, Wang Z R, Jiang J C. Size effect of methane-air mixture explosion intensity in spherical vessels and pipelines[J]. CIESC Journal, 2012, 63(S2):204-209.