引入的美国小麦种质主要农艺性状的遗传多样性分析
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摘要
旨在筛选适宜的小麦杂交亲本。以2015年引入的51份美国小麦种质为试验材料,研究了4个质量性状的频率分布与遗传多样性,分析了9个主要农艺性状间的相关性、遗传多样性,并以农艺性状为指标,对51份小麦种质进行了聚类分析。参试小麦种质的株型以直立型为主,穗型以纺锤形为主,芒型以长芒为主,旗叶以下披型为主。产量与有效穗数(0.472**)极显著正相关,与千粒重(0.340*)显著正相关。9个主要农艺性状间的差异性较大,各性状的变异系数除容重(1.71%)外,均超过了5%,以不孕小穗(55.21%)为最大,参试种质的遗传多样性丰富。Ward法聚类将51份种质分为了4类,其中第1类群10份种质的千粒重(40.31 g)、有效穗数(656.74万/hm~2)、产量(8718.63 kg/hm~2)是4个类群中最高,可作为重点亲本利用,其余种质可依据类群特征作为改良某一性状的中间材料利用。
To screen the suitable cross parents of wheat, 51 accessions American wheat germplasms introducedin 2015 were used as experimental materials. The frequency distribution and genetic diversity of four qualitativetraits were studied. The correlation and the genetic diversity of nine main agronomic traits were analyzed.Taking the main agronomic characters as the indexes, 51 accessions American wheat germplasms were analyzedby the clustering analysis. The main plant type of the tested wheat germplasms is erect, the main panicle type isspinner bait, long awn is the main awn type, the main flag leaf type is downward. The yield is significantly andpositively correlated with the number of productive ear(0.472**), and positively correlated with the 1000-grainweight(0.340*). There are great differences among the nine agronomic characters, the CV of each trait is morethan 5% except bulk density(1.71%). The variation coefficient of sterile spikelet(55.21%) is the highest, andthese germplasms have abundant genetic diversity. 51 accessions American wheat germplasms are classifiedinto 4 groups by Ward method. Group I has the maximum 1000-grain weight(40.31 g), number of productiveear(656.74×104/hm~2) and yield(8718.63 kg/hm~2), which could be used as excellent cross parents, the othergermplasm could be used as intermediate material for improving some traits according to the characteristics oftaxa.
To screen the suitable cross parents of wheat, 51 accessions American wheat germplasms introducedin 2015 were used as experimental materials. The frequency distribution and genetic diversity of four qualitativetraits were studied. The correlation and the genetic diversity of nine main agronomic traits were analyzed.Taking the main agronomic characters as the indexes, 51 accessions American wheat germplasms were analyzedby the clustering analysis. The main plant type of the tested wheat germplasms is erect, the main panicle type isspinner bait, long awn is the main awn type, the main flag leaf type is downward. The yield is significantly andpositively correlated with the number of productive ear(0.472**), and positively correlated with the 1000-grainweight(0.340*). There are great differences among the nine agronomic characters, the CV of each trait is morethan 5% except bulk density(1.71%). The variation coefficient of sterile spikelet(55.21%) is the highest, andthese germplasms have abundant genetic diversity. 51 accessions American wheat germplasms are classifiedinto 4 groups by Ward method. Group I has the maximum 1000-grain weight(40.31 g), number of productiveear(656.74×104/hm~2) and yield(8718.63 kg/hm~2), which could be used as excellent cross parents, the othergermplasm could be used as intermediate material for improving some traits according to the characteristics oftaxa.
引文
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[7]郭瑞林,路志芳,吴秋芳,等.小麦育种目标性状几种权重确定方法的比较[J].麦类作物学报,2014,34(8):1049-1053.
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[13]刘三才,李为喜,朱志华,等.新引进澳大利亚小麦品种农艺和品质性状的分析[J].中国农学通报,2003,19(6):73-75.
[14]张俊灵,孙美荣,张东旭,等.外引小麦种质材料的初步鉴定与评价[J].山西农业科学,2012,40(5):429-432.
[15]李秀绒,柴永峰,孙来虎,等.几个国外优质小麦品种的鉴定和利用研究[J].山西农业科学,2013,41(4):307-310+316.
[16]李小军,李秀全,杨欣明,等.美国小麦品种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成分析[J].麦类作物学报,2005,25(6):51-54.
[17]白玉路,孙权,张春宇,等.美国西北部59个小麦品种(系)抗条锈病基因分子检测及对中国条锈病菌系抗性鉴定[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(6):1147-1155.
[18]李立会,李秀全.小麦种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2006.
[19]李艳丽,孙树贵,武军,等.部分美国及中国小麦品种的遗传多样性分析[J].麦类作物学报,2012,32(6):1066-1071.
[20]刘金,关建平,徐东旭,等.小扁豆种质资源形态标记遗传多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2008,9(2):173-179.
[21]王光禄,刘志宏,程倩倩,等.94份国外小麦种质材料的主要农艺性状分析[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(5):577-582.
[22]张雪婷,杨文雄,王世红,等.甘肃省近年来育成冬小麦品种主要农艺性状的遗传多样性分析[J].作物杂志,2015(04):27-32.
[23]陈天青,隋建枢,张立异,等.贵州小麦育种核心种质的遗传多样性分析[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(05):1879-1887.
[24]刘新月,裴磊,董双全,等.冬小麦种质材料主要农艺性状研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(33):18-24.
[25]王黎明,焦少杰,姜艳喜,等.利用分子标记分析高粱的遗传多样性及其在种质创新中的应用[J].植物遗传资源学报,2015,16(2):288-293,306.
[2]李振声.中国小麦育种的回顾与展望[J].中国农业科技导报,2010,12(2):1-4.
[3]夏燕,唐映军,赵彬,等.毕节地区外引小麦种质资源的鉴定利用初报[J].华北农学报,2005,20(Z1):166-168.
[4]陈化榜,李晴祺.山东省50年代以来小麦品种性状演变的研究[J].山东农业大学学报,1991,22(1):95-98.
[5]郭保宏,宋春华,贾继增.中国小麦品种的Rht1、Rht2矮秆基因鉴定及分布研究[J].中国农业科学,1997,30(5):56-60.
[6]郝晨阳,王兰芬,张学勇,等.中国育成小麦品种的遗传多样性演变[J].中国科学C辑:生命科学,2005,(05):27-34.
[7]郭瑞林,路志芳,吴秋芳,等.小麦育种目标性状几种权重确定方法的比较[J].麦类作物学报,2014,34(8):1049-1053.
[8]袁汉民,张富国,陈东升,等.宁夏国外小麦种质资源考察、引进和利用[J].植物遗传资源学报, 2012,13(2):308-312.
[9]柴永峰,李秀绒,赵智勇,等.国外小麦种质资源农艺性状及品质性状的多样性分析[J].农学学报, 2013,3(09):1-8.
[10] Moghaddam M, Ehdaie B, Waines J G. Genetic and interrelationships of agronomic characters in landraces of bread wheat from south eastern Iran[J]. Euphytica, 1997(95):361-369.
[11]任欣欣,姚占军,岳艳丽,等.黄淮海麦区四省份小麦品种的农艺性状及遗传多样性分析[J].华北农学报,2010,25(01):94-98.
[12]刘三才,郑殿升,胡琳,等.新引进意大利小麦品种农艺和品质性状的评价[J].植物遗传资源学报,2003,4(1):43-46.
[13]刘三才,李为喜,朱志华,等.新引进澳大利亚小麦品种农艺和品质性状的分析[J].中国农学通报,2003,19(6):73-75.
[14]张俊灵,孙美荣,张东旭,等.外引小麦种质材料的初步鉴定与评价[J].山西农业科学,2012,40(5):429-432.
[15]李秀绒,柴永峰,孙来虎,等.几个国外优质小麦品种的鉴定和利用研究[J].山西农业科学,2013,41(4):307-310+316.
[16]李小军,李秀全,杨欣明,等.美国小麦品种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成分析[J].麦类作物学报,2005,25(6):51-54.
[17]白玉路,孙权,张春宇,等.美国西北部59个小麦品种(系)抗条锈病基因分子检测及对中国条锈病菌系抗性鉴定[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(6):1147-1155.
[18]李立会,李秀全.小麦种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2006.
[19]李艳丽,孙树贵,武军,等.部分美国及中国小麦品种的遗传多样性分析[J].麦类作物学报,2012,32(6):1066-1071.
[20]刘金,关建平,徐东旭,等.小扁豆种质资源形态标记遗传多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2008,9(2):173-179.
[21]王光禄,刘志宏,程倩倩,等.94份国外小麦种质材料的主要农艺性状分析[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(5):577-582.
[22]张雪婷,杨文雄,王世红,等.甘肃省近年来育成冬小麦品种主要农艺性状的遗传多样性分析[J].作物杂志,2015(04):27-32.
[23]陈天青,隋建枢,张立异,等.贵州小麦育种核心种质的遗传多样性分析[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(05):1879-1887.
[24]刘新月,裴磊,董双全,等.冬小麦种质材料主要农艺性状研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(33):18-24.
[25]王黎明,焦少杰,姜艳喜,等.利用分子标记分析高粱的遗传多样性及其在种质创新中的应用[J].植物遗传资源学报,2015,16(2):288-293,306.