从医学人类学“整体论视角”看我国少数民族体育
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摘要
采用文献资料、田野调查等研究方法从医学人类学整体论视角对我国少数民族体育的实质、功能、历史演进进行研究。主要结论:少数民族体育的实质是人类身体与文化的构建工具与适应手段,具有生物医疗、心理慰藉、促进人的现代健康、构建和谐与健康的生态文化体系等功能,表现出"整体呈现体系"属性,少数民族体育发展历史是以体医结合为重要"隐形动力",并与其他文化相互促进的人类文化体系发展史。建议:应把握少数民族体育的医学人类学实质、功能与属性来推动健康中国政策的落实;充分发掘与拓展体医结合的深度与广度。
Study on the essence, function and historical evolution of minorities sports in China from the holistic perspective of medical anthropology with the methods of literature reviews, field investigations and so on. The main conclusions are as follows: the essence of minorities sports is construction tools and adaptation means of human body and culture which has many functions in biological and medical treatment, psychological comfort, promoting the modern health and building a harmonious and healthy ecological culture system and so on, showing "whole presentation system" property; the development history of minorities sports is the development history of human cultural system which taking the combination of sports and medicine as an important "invisible power" and mutual promoted by the other history. Suggestion: we should grasp the essence, functions and attributes of medical anthropology of minorities sports to promote the implementation of "Healthy China" policy; fully explore and expand the depth and breadth of combination of sports and medicine.
Study on the essence, function and historical evolution of minorities sports in China from the holistic perspective of medical anthropology with the methods of literature reviews, field investigations and so on. The main conclusions are as follows: the essence of minorities sports is construction tools and adaptation means of human body and culture which has many functions in biological and medical treatment, psychological comfort, promoting the modern health and building a harmonious and healthy ecological culture system and so on, showing "whole presentation system" property; the development history of minorities sports is the development history of human cultural system which taking the combination of sports and medicine as an important "invisible power" and mutual promoted by the other history. Suggestion: we should grasp the essence, functions and attributes of medical anthropology of minorities sports to promote the implementation of "Healthy China" policy; fully explore and expand the depth and breadth of combination of sports and medicine.
引文
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[2][18]李晓通,等.我国少数民族传统体育的人类学溯源[J].体育文化导刊,2015(10):53-57.
[3][4][6][7][15][21]张有春.医学人类学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2011:14,28,215,57,39.68-69.
[5]Merrill Singer.The limitations of medical ecology:The concept of adaptation in the context of social stratification and social transformation[J].Medicial Antropology,1989(10):223-224.
[8]冯强.云南节庆民俗体育与现代体育的互动研究[M].北京:新华出版社,2017:25-26.
[9]杨文杰.云南独龙族体育的传承与发展[J].前沿,2011(6):129-132.
[10]杨文杰.少数民族体育文化圈特质剖析[J].前沿,2012(2):130-131.
[11]Alexander All and.Adaptation in Cultural Evolution:an Approach to Medical Anthropology[M].Columbia University Press,1996:49-50.
[12][17]马塞尔·莫斯.礼物:古史社会中交换的形式与理由[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2005(8):7,55.
[13]唐瑶函,等.健身锻炼延缓衰老的免疫学机制[J].中国临床康复,2005(9):206-208.
[14]乌仁其其格.蒙古族萨满教宗教治疗仪式的特征及治疗机理的医学人类学分析[J].西北民族研究,2008(3):45-51.
[19]王荣辉,关祥祖.启谷署[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,1991:28-56.
[20]段忠玉,等.傣医传统口功吹气疗法的医学人类学解读[J].云南民族大学学报(哲社版),2015(1):53-59.
[22]杨文杰,等.西南爨体育文化考析[J].体育文化导刊,2017(5):171-175.
[2][18]李晓通,等.我国少数民族传统体育的人类学溯源[J].体育文化导刊,2015(10):53-57.
[3][4][6][7][15][21]张有春.医学人类学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2011:14,28,215,57,39.68-69.
[5]Merrill Singer.The limitations of medical ecology:The concept of adaptation in the context of social stratification and social transformation[J].Medicial Antropology,1989(10):223-224.
[8]冯强.云南节庆民俗体育与现代体育的互动研究[M].北京:新华出版社,2017:25-26.
[9]杨文杰.云南独龙族体育的传承与发展[J].前沿,2011(6):129-132.
[10]杨文杰.少数民族体育文化圈特质剖析[J].前沿,2012(2):130-131.
[11]Alexander All and.Adaptation in Cultural Evolution:an Approach to Medical Anthropology[M].Columbia University Press,1996:49-50.
[12][17]马塞尔·莫斯.礼物:古史社会中交换的形式与理由[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2005(8):7,55.
[13]唐瑶函,等.健身锻炼延缓衰老的免疫学机制[J].中国临床康复,2005(9):206-208.
[14]乌仁其其格.蒙古族萨满教宗教治疗仪式的特征及治疗机理的医学人类学分析[J].西北民族研究,2008(3):45-51.
[19]王荣辉,关祥祖.启谷署[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,1991:28-56.
[20]段忠玉,等.傣医传统口功吹气疗法的医学人类学解读[J].云南民族大学学报(哲社版),2015(1):53-59.
[22]杨文杰,等.西南爨体育文化考析[J].体育文化导刊,2017(5):171-175.