云南思茅盆地早白垩世扒沙河组地层地球化学特征及其物源制约
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摘要
思茅盆地晚白垩世勐野井组地层是我国唯一的古代固体钾盐发育地层,由于盆地内部断层纵横,地层横向对比困难,急需有效的标志性地层以完善区域对比及后续研究的深入。在确认早白垩世扒沙河组地层良好的区域可对比性基础上,通过对比思茅盆地江城地区两个典型地质露头剖面及勐野井钾盐矿床钻孔岩芯的元素地球化学特征,探讨了江城地区含盐系地层及其下伏扒沙河组地层的化学风化、构造背景及物源属性特征。结果表明,1)思茅盆地江城地区勐野井组与扒沙河组地层在形成过程中,其物源区均经历了中至强的化学风化作用过程;2)尽管这两套地层间呈不整合接触关系,但在物源属性上二者却均具有混和物源的特性(活动大陆边缘或大陆岛弧背景的长英质物源与被动大陆边缘背景的古老沉积物物源的混合),扒沙河组地层在沉积过程中可能还受到了少量基性岩物源的影响;3)云南江城勐野井组及其下伏扒沙河组地层的主要物源区可能为哀牢山隆起带和扬子古陆块。
The Late Cretaceous Mengyejing Formation in Simao Basin is the only strata with ancient solid potash deposits in China.Because of the developed faults in the basin,horizontal stratigraphic correlation is difficult.It is urgent for effective marker strata to improve regional comparison and follow-up research.On the basis of identification for the good marker strata of the early Cretaceous Pashahe Fm.,we compared the geochemical characteristics of two geological sections,which located in the Jiangcheng area of Simao Basin and core samples from the Mengyejing Potash Deposit.The results show that 1)Both the Mengyejing Fm.and Pashahe Fm.of Simao Basin have experienced moderate to strong chemical weathering process during their formation;2) Despite the unconformity between the two sets of strata,both of them have the mixed provenances(mixture of feldspathic source on the background of active continental margin or island arc and ancient sediments from passive continental margin),while the Pashahe Fm.may also be affected by minor mafic source in the process of deposition;3) The major source areas of Mengyejing Fm.and Pashahe Fm.may be the Ailaoshan uplift and Yangtze block.
The Late Cretaceous Mengyejing Formation in Simao Basin is the only strata with ancient solid potash deposits in China.Because of the developed faults in the basin,horizontal stratigraphic correlation is difficult.It is urgent for effective marker strata to improve regional comparison and follow-up research.On the basis of identification for the good marker strata of the early Cretaceous Pashahe Fm.,we compared the geochemical characteristics of two geological sections,which located in the Jiangcheng area of Simao Basin and core samples from the Mengyejing Potash Deposit.The results show that 1)Both the Mengyejing Fm.and Pashahe Fm.of Simao Basin have experienced moderate to strong chemical weathering process during their formation;2) Despite the unconformity between the two sets of strata,both of them have the mixed provenances(mixture of feldspathic source on the background of active continental margin or island arc and ancient sediments from passive continental margin),while the Pashahe Fm.may also be affected by minor mafic source in the process of deposition;3) The major source areas of Mengyejing Fm.and Pashahe Fm.may be the Ailaoshan uplift and Yangtze block.
引文
[1] 云南地质矿产局,成都地质矿产研究所,成都地质学院.云南思茅岩矿地质[M].北京:地质出版社,1986:42-55.
[2] 南京地质矿产研究所,云南省地矿局八一四队.云南兰坪—思茅盆地下第三系沉积相古地理及成钾条件研究[R]//“八五”国家科技攻关计划子专题成果报告,1995:26-71.
[3] 袁秦,秦占杰,魏海成,等.云南江城勐野井组钾盐成矿时代及其古环境研究[J].地球学报,2013,34(5):631-637.
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[5] Racey A,Goodball J G S.Palynology and stratigraphy of the Mesozoic Khorat Group red bed sequences from Thailand//Buffetaut E,Cuny G,Le Loeuff J,Suteethorn V.Eds.,Late palaeozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia[J].Geological Society of London Special Publication,2009,315:69-83.
[6] 曲懿华.兰坪—思茅盆地与泰国呵叻盆地含钾卤水同源性研究—兼论该区找钾有利层位和地区[J].化工矿产地质,1997,19(2):81-98.
[7] Zhang X Y,Ma H Z,Ma Y Q,et al.Origin of the late Cretaceous potash-bearingevaporites in the Vientiane Basin of Laos:d11B evidence from borates[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2012,62:812-818.
[8] 高翔,方秦方,姚薇,等.云南兰坪—思茅盆地勐野井钾盐矿床物质组分对成因的指示[J].地球学报,2013,34(5):529-536.
[9] 苗卫良,马海州,张西营,等.云南兰坪—思茅盆地江城勐野井钾盐矿床SHK4孔含盐系粘土矿物特征及其成钾环境指示意义[J].地球学报,2013,34(5):537-546.
[10] 郭远生,吴军,朱延浙,等.2005.老挝万象钾盐地质[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2005.
[11] 韩元红,马海州,袁小龙,等.兰坪—思茅盆地与呵叻高原钾盐矿床综合对比[J].盐湖研究,2011,19(3):1-25.
[12] 安朝,许建新,韩积斌,等.云南兰坪—思茅盆地勐野井钾盐矿床盐构造特征及成因机制[J].盐湖研究,2015,23(4):15-23.
[13] 李朋武,高锐,崔军文,等.西藏和云南三江地区特提斯洋盆演化历史的古地磁分析[J].地球学报,2005,26(5):387-404.
[14] Charusiri P,Imsamut S,Zhuang Z H,et al.Paleomagnetism of the earliest Cretaceous to early late Cretaceous sandstones,Khorat Group,Northeast Thailand:Implications for tectonic palte movement of the Indochina block[J].Gondwana Research,2006,9:310-325.
[15] Morley,C.K.Late Cretaceous-Early Palaeogene tectonic development of SE Asia[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2012,115:37-75.
[16] 薛春纪,陈毓川,杨健民,等.滇西兰坪盆地构造体制和成矿背景分析[J].矿床地质,2002,21(1):36-44.
[17] 廖宗廷,陈跃昆.兰坪—思茅盆地原型的性质及演化[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(11):1527-1531.
[18] 李永寿,马海州,苗卫良,等.兰坪—思茅盆地勐野井组钾盐矿床成矿构造背景[J].盐湖研究,2016,24(3):17-29.
[19] 石海岩,马海州,苗卫良,等.云南思茅盆地江城上白垩统勐野井组稀土微量元素特征及地质意义[J].地球化学,2014,43(4):415-427.
[20] Herron M M.Geochemical classification of terrigenous sands and shales from core or log data[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1988,58:820-829.
[21] Taylor S R,McLennan S M.The continental crust:Its composition and evolution[M].Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1985.
[22] 杨忠芳,陈岳龙.陆源碎屑沉积作用对化学元素配分的制约—兼论五台地区前寒武纪碎屑沉积岩示踪源区陆壳成分的意义[J].地质论评,1997,43(6):593-600.
[23] 杨守业,李从先.REE示踪沉积物物源研究进展[J].地球科学进展,1999,14(2):164-167.
[24] 韩吟文,马振东,张宏飞,等.地球化学[M].北京:地质出版社,2003.
[25] Johnson M J.The System Controlling the Composition of Clastic Sediments [A]//Johnson M J,Basu A.eds.Processes Controlling the Composition of Clastic Sediments[C].Boulder:Geol.Soc.Am.Spec.Paper,1993,284:1-19.
[26] 赵英利,刘永江,韩国卿,等.大兴安岭中南段二叠纪砂岩主量元素地球化学特征及物源区构造环境的判别[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2012,42(2):285-297.
[27] Sawyer E W.The influence of source rock type,chemical weathering and sorting on the geochemistry ofclastic sediments from the Quetico metasedimentary belt,Superior Province,Canada[J].Chemical Geology,1986,55:77-95.
[28] Ding Z L,Sun J M,Yang S L,et al.Geochemistry of the Pliocene red clay formation in the Chinese Loess Plateau and implications for its origin,source provenance and palaeoclimatic change[J].GeochimicaCosmochimica Acta,2001,65:901-913.
[29] McLennan S M.Weathering and global denudation[J].Journal of Geology,1993,101:295-303.
[30] Nesbitt H W,Young G M,McLennan SM,et al .Effects of chemical weathering and sorting on the petrogenesis of siliciclastic sediments,with implications for provenance studies[J].The Journal of Geology,1996,104:525-542.
[31] 高爱国,陈志华,刘炎光,等.楚科奇海表层沉积物的稀土元素地球化学特征[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(2):148-154.
[32] Bhatia M R,Taylor S R.Trace-element geochemistry and sedimentary provinces:A study from the TasmanGeosyncline,Australia[J].Chemical Geology,1981,33:115-125.
[33] Bhatia M R.Rare earth element geochemistry of Australian Paleozoicgraywackes and mudrocks:Province and tectonic control[J].Sedimentary Geology,1985,45:97-113.
[34] 邵磊,刘志伟,朱伟林.陆源碎屑岩地球化学在盆地分析中的应用[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):297-304.
[35] 苗卫良,邵磊,庞雄,等.南海北部渐新世以来的稀土元素地球化学特征及其意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(2):71-78.
[36] Allegre C J,Minster J F.Quantitative models of trace element behavior in magmatic processes[J].Earth Planet Sci.Lett.,1978,38(1):1-25.
[37] Floyed P A,Leveridge B E.Tectonic environment of Devonian Gramscatho basin,South Cornwall:Framework mode and geochemical evidence from turbiditic sandstones[J].Journal of the Geological Society,1987,144(4):531-542.
[38] 赵志根,李宝芳,张惠良.大别山北麓与华北上古生界稀土元素特征的对比研究[J].地球化学,2001,30(4):368-374.
[39] Roser B P,Korsch R J.Determination of tectonic setting of sandstone-mudstone suites using SiO2 content and K2O/Na2O ratio[J].Journal of Geology,1986,94:635-650.
[40] 李双应,李任伟,岳书仓,等.安徽肥西中生代碎屑岩地球化学特征及其对物源制约[J].岩石学报,2004,20(3):667-676.
[41] 李佑国,侯中健,王安建,等.兰坪盆地新生代碎屑岩地球化学特征及其对物源制约[J].岩石学报,2006,22(3):751-760.
[42] 阙梅英,程敦模,张立生,等.兰坪—思茅盆地铜矿床[M].北京:地质出版社,1998,1-35.
[43] Yang J H,Cawood P A,Du Y S,et al.Detrital record of indosinian mountain building in SW China:provenance of the Middle Triassic turbidites in the Youjiang Basin[J].Tectonophysics,2012,574-575:105-117.
[44] 曲懿华,袁品泉,帅开业,等.兰坪—思茅盆地钾盐成矿规律及预测[M].北京:地质出版社,1998.
[45] Carter A,Bristow C S.Linking hinterland evolution and continental basin sedimentation by usingdtrital zircon thermochronology:a study of the Khorat Plateau Basin,eastern Thailand[J].Basin Research,2003,15:271-285.
[2] 南京地质矿产研究所,云南省地矿局八一四队.云南兰坪—思茅盆地下第三系沉积相古地理及成钾条件研究[R]//“八五”国家科技攻关计划子专题成果报告,1995:26-71.
[3] 袁秦,秦占杰,魏海成,等.云南江城勐野井组钾盐成矿时代及其古环境研究[J].地球学报,2013,34(5):631-637.
[4] Wang L C,Liu C L,Gao X,et al.Provenance and paleogeography of the Late Cretaceous Mengyejing Formation,Simao Basin,Southeastern Tibetan Plateau:Whole-rock geochemistry,U-Pb geochronology,and Hf isotopic constraints[J].Sedimentary Geology,2014,304:44-58.
[5] Racey A,Goodball J G S.Palynology and stratigraphy of the Mesozoic Khorat Group red bed sequences from Thailand//Buffetaut E,Cuny G,Le Loeuff J,Suteethorn V.Eds.,Late palaeozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia[J].Geological Society of London Special Publication,2009,315:69-83.
[6] 曲懿华.兰坪—思茅盆地与泰国呵叻盆地含钾卤水同源性研究—兼论该区找钾有利层位和地区[J].化工矿产地质,1997,19(2):81-98.
[7] Zhang X Y,Ma H Z,Ma Y Q,et al.Origin of the late Cretaceous potash-bearingevaporites in the Vientiane Basin of Laos:d11B evidence from borates[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2012,62:812-818.
[8] 高翔,方秦方,姚薇,等.云南兰坪—思茅盆地勐野井钾盐矿床物质组分对成因的指示[J].地球学报,2013,34(5):529-536.
[9] 苗卫良,马海州,张西营,等.云南兰坪—思茅盆地江城勐野井钾盐矿床SHK4孔含盐系粘土矿物特征及其成钾环境指示意义[J].地球学报,2013,34(5):537-546.
[10] 郭远生,吴军,朱延浙,等.2005.老挝万象钾盐地质[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2005.
[11] 韩元红,马海州,袁小龙,等.兰坪—思茅盆地与呵叻高原钾盐矿床综合对比[J].盐湖研究,2011,19(3):1-25.
[12] 安朝,许建新,韩积斌,等.云南兰坪—思茅盆地勐野井钾盐矿床盐构造特征及成因机制[J].盐湖研究,2015,23(4):15-23.
[13] 李朋武,高锐,崔军文,等.西藏和云南三江地区特提斯洋盆演化历史的古地磁分析[J].地球学报,2005,26(5):387-404.
[14] Charusiri P,Imsamut S,Zhuang Z H,et al.Paleomagnetism of the earliest Cretaceous to early late Cretaceous sandstones,Khorat Group,Northeast Thailand:Implications for tectonic palte movement of the Indochina block[J].Gondwana Research,2006,9:310-325.
[15] Morley,C.K.Late Cretaceous-Early Palaeogene tectonic development of SE Asia[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2012,115:37-75.
[16] 薛春纪,陈毓川,杨健民,等.滇西兰坪盆地构造体制和成矿背景分析[J].矿床地质,2002,21(1):36-44.
[17] 廖宗廷,陈跃昆.兰坪—思茅盆地原型的性质及演化[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(11):1527-1531.
[18] 李永寿,马海州,苗卫良,等.兰坪—思茅盆地勐野井组钾盐矿床成矿构造背景[J].盐湖研究,2016,24(3):17-29.
[19] 石海岩,马海州,苗卫良,等.云南思茅盆地江城上白垩统勐野井组稀土微量元素特征及地质意义[J].地球化学,2014,43(4):415-427.
[20] Herron M M.Geochemical classification of terrigenous sands and shales from core or log data[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1988,58:820-829.
[21] Taylor S R,McLennan S M.The continental crust:Its composition and evolution[M].Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1985.
[22] 杨忠芳,陈岳龙.陆源碎屑沉积作用对化学元素配分的制约—兼论五台地区前寒武纪碎屑沉积岩示踪源区陆壳成分的意义[J].地质论评,1997,43(6):593-600.
[23] 杨守业,李从先.REE示踪沉积物物源研究进展[J].地球科学进展,1999,14(2):164-167.
[24] 韩吟文,马振东,张宏飞,等.地球化学[M].北京:地质出版社,2003.
[25] Johnson M J.The System Controlling the Composition of Clastic Sediments [A]//Johnson M J,Basu A.eds.Processes Controlling the Composition of Clastic Sediments[C].Boulder:Geol.Soc.Am.Spec.Paper,1993,284:1-19.
[26] 赵英利,刘永江,韩国卿,等.大兴安岭中南段二叠纪砂岩主量元素地球化学特征及物源区构造环境的判别[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2012,42(2):285-297.
[27] Sawyer E W.The influence of source rock type,chemical weathering and sorting on the geochemistry ofclastic sediments from the Quetico metasedimentary belt,Superior Province,Canada[J].Chemical Geology,1986,55:77-95.
[28] Ding Z L,Sun J M,Yang S L,et al.Geochemistry of the Pliocene red clay formation in the Chinese Loess Plateau and implications for its origin,source provenance and palaeoclimatic change[J].GeochimicaCosmochimica Acta,2001,65:901-913.
[29] McLennan S M.Weathering and global denudation[J].Journal of Geology,1993,101:295-303.
[30] Nesbitt H W,Young G M,McLennan SM,et al .Effects of chemical weathering and sorting on the petrogenesis of siliciclastic sediments,with implications for provenance studies[J].The Journal of Geology,1996,104:525-542.
[31] 高爱国,陈志华,刘炎光,等.楚科奇海表层沉积物的稀土元素地球化学特征[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(2):148-154.
[32] Bhatia M R,Taylor S R.Trace-element geochemistry and sedimentary provinces:A study from the TasmanGeosyncline,Australia[J].Chemical Geology,1981,33:115-125.
[33] Bhatia M R.Rare earth element geochemistry of Australian Paleozoicgraywackes and mudrocks:Province and tectonic control[J].Sedimentary Geology,1985,45:97-113.
[34] 邵磊,刘志伟,朱伟林.陆源碎屑岩地球化学在盆地分析中的应用[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):297-304.
[35] 苗卫良,邵磊,庞雄,等.南海北部渐新世以来的稀土元素地球化学特征及其意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(2):71-78.
[36] Allegre C J,Minster J F.Quantitative models of trace element behavior in magmatic processes[J].Earth Planet Sci.Lett.,1978,38(1):1-25.
[37] Floyed P A,Leveridge B E.Tectonic environment of Devonian Gramscatho basin,South Cornwall:Framework mode and geochemical evidence from turbiditic sandstones[J].Journal of the Geological Society,1987,144(4):531-542.
[38] 赵志根,李宝芳,张惠良.大别山北麓与华北上古生界稀土元素特征的对比研究[J].地球化学,2001,30(4):368-374.
[39] Roser B P,Korsch R J.Determination of tectonic setting of sandstone-mudstone suites using SiO2 content and K2O/Na2O ratio[J].Journal of Geology,1986,94:635-650.
[40] 李双应,李任伟,岳书仓,等.安徽肥西中生代碎屑岩地球化学特征及其对物源制约[J].岩石学报,2004,20(3):667-676.
[41] 李佑国,侯中健,王安建,等.兰坪盆地新生代碎屑岩地球化学特征及其对物源制约[J].岩石学报,2006,22(3):751-760.
[42] 阙梅英,程敦模,张立生,等.兰坪—思茅盆地铜矿床[M].北京:地质出版社,1998,1-35.
[43] Yang J H,Cawood P A,Du Y S,et al.Detrital record of indosinian mountain building in SW China:provenance of the Middle Triassic turbidites in the Youjiang Basin[J].Tectonophysics,2012,574-575:105-117.
[44] 曲懿华,袁品泉,帅开业,等.兰坪—思茅盆地钾盐成矿规律及预测[M].北京:地质出版社,1998.
[45] Carter A,Bristow C S.Linking hinterland evolution and continental basin sedimentation by usingdtrital zircon thermochronology:a study of the Khorat Plateau Basin,eastern Thailand[J].Basin Research,2003,15:271-285.