内蒙古阿拉善北缘尚丹岩体的年代学、地球化学特征及构造意义
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摘要
阿拉善北缘造山带位于中亚造山带最南端,前人鲜有报道的尚丹岩体是认识其构造演化的关键。尚丹岩体中花岗闪长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为331. 7±0. 9Ma,是在宗乃山-沙拉扎山构造带中获得的最早的晚古生代年龄,指示了早石炭世的岩浆事件。尚丹花岗闪长岩体具有中等硅含量(SiO_2=66. 07%～68. 15%)、高Na_2O(Na_2O/K_2O> 1. 6),并相对高CaO(CaO/Na_2O> 1),属于准铝质(A/CNK <1,A/NK> 1)和中钾钙碱性系列(σ=1. 21～1. 40,K_2O=1. 55%～2. 21%),其岩石薄片中可见角闪石,地球化学和岩相学上都显示出I型花岗岩的特征。岩石的稀土元素含量中等,轻重稀土分异较明显((La/Yb)N=5. 30～6. 62),富集Rb、Th、K、Zr、Hf等元素,亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、P、Ti等元素。样品未出现明显Eu负异常,表明其可能形成于中下地壳的部分熔融。同时,2件全岩样品具有弱负的εNd(t)值(-1. 02、-0. 91),Nd模式年龄tDM1为1. 30～1. 28Ga,1件样品的锆石εHf(t)值为+0. 30～+5. 27,Hf模式年龄tDM2为1. 32～1. 00Ga。结合地球化学分析,尚丹岩体很可能形成于中新元古代地壳的再循环。总的来说,尚丹岩体具有岛弧相关特征,构造判别图解显示其形成于俯冲相关环境,表明阿拉善北缘在早中古生代造山停歇后,晚古生代的俯冲作用至少开始于早石炭世。
The Northern Alxa Orogenic Belt is the southernmost segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The less investigated Shangdan pluton is a key point to understanding its tectonic evolution. The granodiorites from this pluton yield zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages of 331. 7 ± 0. 9 Ma,which is the earliest age obtained for the Late Paleozoic plutons in the Zongnaishan-Shalazhashan tectonic zone and indicates an Early Carboniferous magmatic event. The granodiorites from the Shangdan pluton have moderate silicon contents( SiO_2= 66. 07% ～ 68. 15%),high Na_2O contents( Na_2O/K_2O > 1. 6) and relatively high CaO contents( CaO/Na_2O > 1),and belong chemically to metaluminous series( A/CNK < 1,A/NK > 1) with medium-K and calc-alkaline( σ = 1. 21 ～ 1. 40,K_2O = 1. 55% ～2. 21%) characteristics. The hornblendes are also found in the rock slices. Both the geochemistry and petrography show affinity to the I-type granites. The granodiorites have moderate REE contents and moderate to strong LREE to HREE differentiation(( La/Yb)N=5. 30 ～ 6. 62). They are enriched in Rb,Th,K,Zr,Hf and depleted in Ba,Nb,Ta,P,Ti. No negative Eu anomalies have been found in the samples,suggesting that they might be derived from partial melting of middle-lower crust. Meanwhile,two whole-rock samples have slightly negative εNd( t) values of-1. 02 and-0. 91 with Nd model age tDM1 of 1. 30 ～ 1. 28 Ga. One sample yields zircon εHf( t) values between + 0. 30 and + 5. 27 with Hf model age tDM2 of 1. 32 ～ 1. 00 Ga. Combined with geochemical analysis,the Shangdan pluton was likely recycled from the Meso-Neoproterozoic crust. In conclusion,the Shangdan pluton with arc characteristics has been discriminated to be formed in a subduction-related setting,suggesting that after the termination of the Early-Middle Paleozoic orogenesis in the northern Alxa,the Late Paleozoic subduction occurred at least in the Early Carboniferous.
The Northern Alxa Orogenic Belt is the southernmost segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The less investigated Shangdan pluton is a key point to understanding its tectonic evolution. The granodiorites from this pluton yield zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages of 331. 7 ± 0. 9 Ma,which is the earliest age obtained for the Late Paleozoic plutons in the Zongnaishan-Shalazhashan tectonic zone and indicates an Early Carboniferous magmatic event. The granodiorites from the Shangdan pluton have moderate silicon contents( SiO_2= 66. 07% ～ 68. 15%),high Na_2O contents( Na_2O/K_2O > 1. 6) and relatively high CaO contents( CaO/Na_2O > 1),and belong chemically to metaluminous series( A/CNK < 1,A/NK > 1) with medium-K and calc-alkaline( σ = 1. 21 ～ 1. 40,K_2O = 1. 55% ～2. 21%) characteristics. The hornblendes are also found in the rock slices. Both the geochemistry and petrography show affinity to the I-type granites. The granodiorites have moderate REE contents and moderate to strong LREE to HREE differentiation(( La/Yb)N=5. 30 ～ 6. 62). They are enriched in Rb,Th,K,Zr,Hf and depleted in Ba,Nb,Ta,P,Ti. No negative Eu anomalies have been found in the samples,suggesting that they might be derived from partial melting of middle-lower crust. Meanwhile,two whole-rock samples have slightly negative εNd( t) values of-1. 02 and-0. 91 with Nd model age tDM1 of 1. 30 ～ 1. 28 Ga. One sample yields zircon εHf( t) values between + 0. 30 and + 5. 27 with Hf model age tDM2 of 1. 32 ～ 1. 00 Ga. Combined with geochemical analysis,the Shangdan pluton was likely recycled from the Meso-Neoproterozoic crust. In conclusion,the Shangdan pluton with arc characteristics has been discriminated to be formed in a subduction-related setting,suggesting that after the termination of the Early-Middle Paleozoic orogenesis in the northern Alxa,the Late Paleozoic subduction occurred at least in the Early Carboniferous.
引文
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