微藻絮凝采收的研究进展
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摘要
微藻采收是微藻产业化应用过程中亟需解决的一个技术难题。在目前的微藻采收方法中,絮凝采收是常用且有效的方法之一。本文总结和分析了近年来有关利用化学絮凝、生物絮凝、物理絮凝等方法进行微藻采收的相关报道,概述了这些絮凝方法的原理和操作方法,并比较了这些絮凝方法在絮凝效率、成本、生物安全性等方面的优缺点,以期为进一步研究和应用絮凝法采收微藻提供理论基础和技术参考。
In the industrial application of microalgae, harvesting is a technical problem, which need to be resolved urgently. Among different methods of microalgae harvesting, flocculation is one of the most common and effective methods. This paper summarized and analyzed the relevant reports on microalgae harvesting using chemical flocculation, biological flocculation and physical flocculation in recent years. The principle and operational approach of these flocculation methods were also introduced in this study. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods in terms of efficiency, cost and safety were also compared. The results would provide theoretical basis and technical reference for further research and application of flocculation method in microalgae harvesting.
In the industrial application of microalgae, harvesting is a technical problem, which need to be resolved urgently. Among different methods of microalgae harvesting, flocculation is one of the most common and effective methods. This paper summarized and analyzed the relevant reports on microalgae harvesting using chemical flocculation, biological flocculation and physical flocculation in recent years. The principle and operational approach of these flocculation methods were also introduced in this study. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods in terms of efficiency, cost and safety were also compared. The results would provide theoretical basis and technical reference for further research and application of flocculation method in microalgae harvesting.
引文
Ahmad A.L.,Yasin N.H.M.,Derek C.J.C.,and Lim J.K.,2011Optimization of microalgae coagulation process using chi tosan,Chemical Engineering Journal,173(3):879-882
Alam M.A.,Wan C.,Guo S.L.,Zhao X.Q.,Huang Z.Y.,Yang YL.Chang J.S.,and Bai F.W.,2014,Characterization of th flocculating agent from the spontaneously flocculating mi croalgae Chlorella vulgaris JSC-7,Journal of Bioscienc and Bioengineering,118(1):29-33
Al-Hothaly K.A.,Adetutu E.M.,Taha M.,Fabbri D.,Lorenzetti CConti R.,May B.H.,Shar S.S.,Bayoumi R.A.,and Ball A.S2015,Bio-harvesting and pyrolysis of the microalgae Botry ococcus braunii,Bioresource Technology,191:117-123
Barany S.,and Szepesszentgyrgyi A.,2004,Flocculation of cel lular suspensions by polyelectrolytes,Advances in Colloid and Interface Science,111(1):117-129
Chisti Y.,2007,Biodiesel from microalgae,Biotechnology Ad vances,25(3):294-306
Dassey A.J.,and Theegala C.S.,2013,Harvesting economics and strategies using centrifugation for cost effective separation of microalgae cells for biodiesel applications,Bioresourc Technology,128:241-245
Deng X.D.,Cai J.J.,and Fei X.W.,2012,Optimum the cultiva tion station of Micractinium sp.18A8 and the effects of car bon source on lipid content,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),31(6):597602(邓晓东,蔡佳佳,费小雯,2012,微芒藻Micractinium sp.18A8培养条件优化及碳源对含油量的影响,基因组学与应用生物学,31(6):597-602)
Ding J.F.,Zhao F.M.,Cao Y.F.,Mei S.,and Li S.J.,2015,Floc culation kinetics of Chlorella sp.with polymeric aluminum chloride,Nongye Jixie Xuebao(Chinese Journal of agricul tural machinery),46(3):203-207(丁进锋,赵凤敏,曹有福梅帅,李树君,2015,聚合氯化铝絮凝小球藻的动力学研究,农业机械学报,46(3):203-207)
Gorin K.V.,Sergeeva Y.E.,Butylin V.V.,Komova A.V.,Pojidae V.M.,Badranova G.U.,Shapovalova A.A.,Konova I.A.,an Gotovtsev P.M.,2015,Methods coagulation/flocculation and flocculation with ballast agent for effective harvesting of mi croalgae,Bioresource Technology,193:178-184
Grima E.M.,Belarbi E.H.,Fernández F.G.A,Medina A.R.,and Chisti Y.,2003,Recovery of microalgal biomass and metabolites:process options and economics,Biotechnology Advances,20(7):491-515
Guo S.L.,2013,Development of transgenic flocculating Scene desmus obliquus and characterization of the flocculation o S.obliquus,Dissertation for Ph.D,Dalian University of Tech nology,Supervisor:Zhao X.Q.,pp.107-115(郭锁莲,2013转基因絮凝斜生栅藻的构建和自絮凝斜生栅藻细胞絮凝的研究,博士学位论文,大连理工大学,导师:赵心清,pp107-115)
Guo S.L.,Zhao X.Q.,Wan C.,Huang Z.Y.,Yang Y.L.,Alam MA.,Ho S.H.,Bai F.W.,and Chang J.S.,2013,Characteriza tion of flocculating agent from the self-flocculating microal ga Scenedesmus obliquus AS-6-1 for efficient biomass har vest,Bioresource Technology,145:285-289
Hu Y.R.,Guo C.,Xu L.,Wang F.,Wang S.K.,Hu Z.,and Liu CZ.,2014,A magnetic separator for efficient microalgae har vesting,Bioresource Technology,158:388-391
Hu Y.R.,Wang F.,Wang S.K.,Liu C.Z.,and Guo C.,2013,Effi cient harvesting of marine microalgae Nannochloropsis mar itima using magnetic nanoparticles,Bioresource Technolo gy,138:387-390
Hu Y.S.,Liu B.,Hao X.D.,and Cao Y.L.,2015,Current statu and outlook of microalgae flocculation in wastewater treat ment,Huanjing Kexue Xuebao(Acta Scientiae Circumstan tiae),35(1):12-29(胡沅胜,刘斌,郝晓地,曹亚莉,2015,微藻处理污水中的絮凝分离/采收研究现状与展望,环境科学学报,35(1):12-29)
Kim D.Y.,Oh Y.K.,Park J.Y.,Kim B.,Choi S.A.,and Han J.I.2015a,An integrated process for microalgae harvesting and cell disruption by the use of ferric ions,Bioresource Tech nology,191:469-474
Kim K.,Shin H.,Moon M.,Ryu B.G.,Han J.I.,Yang J.W.,and Chang Y.K.,2015b,Evaluation of various harvesting meth ods for high-density microalgae,Aurantiochytrium sp.KRS101,Bioresource Technology,198:828-835
Knig R.B.,Sales R.,Roselet F.,and Abreu P.C.,2014,Harvest ing of the marine microalga Conticribra weissflogii(Bacillar iophyceae)by cationic polymeric flocculants,Biomass and Bioenergy,68:1-6
Lam M.K.,and Lee K.T.,2011,Microalgae biofuels:a critical re view of issues,problems and the way forward,Biotechnolo gy Advances,30(3):673-690
Lee K.,Lee S.Y.,Praveenkumar R.,Kim B.,Seo J.Y.,Jeon S.G.Na J.G.,Park J.Y.,Kim D.M.,and Oh Y.K.,2014,Repeated use of stable magnetic flocculant for efficient harvest o oleaginous Chlorella sp.,Bioresource Technology,167284-290
Lei G.Y.,Zhang X.Q.,and Wang D.S.,2007,The algae remova mechanism by polymerized aluminium salt coagulants and methods to improve algae removal,Shuiziyuan Baohu(Wa ter Resources Protection),23(5):50-54(雷国元,张晓晴,王丹鸶,2007,聚合铝盐混凝剂混凝除藻机理与强化除藻措施,水资源保护,23(5):50-54)
Li X.C.,Mu C.X.,Mu G.,and Li F.,2012,Performance of dis solved air flotation for marine microalgae harvesting,Dalian Haiyang Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Dalian Ocean Universi ty),27(4):355-359(李秀辰,牟晨晓,母刚,李丰,2012,海洋微藻的加压气浮采收工艺研究,大连海洋大学学报,27(4):355-359)
Liu J.X.,2014,Establishment of p H-induced in-situ flocculation of energy microalgae and investigation of the mechanism Thesis for M.S.,Jinan University,Supervisor:Zhang Y.M.pp.28-38(刘洁霞,2014,p H值诱导能源微藻原位絮凝方法的建立及机理研究,硕士学位论文,暨南大学,导师:张渊明,pp.28-38)
Liu J.X.,Tao Y.J.,Wu J.H.,Zhu Y,Gao B.Y.,Tang Y.,Li A.FZhang C.W.,and Zhang Y.M.,2014,Effective flocculation o target microalgae with self-flocculating microalgae induced by p H decrease,Bioresource Technology,167:367-375
Liu J.X.,Zhu Y.,Tao Y.J.,Zhang Y.M.,Li A.F.,Li T.,Sang M.and Zhang C.W.,2013,Freshwater microalgae harvested vi flocculation induced by p H decrease,Biotechnology fo Biofuels,6(1):1-11
Liu Y.,Lu X.H.,Lu M.Z.,and Ji J.B.,2014,Collect microalga by using electrocoagulation,Kezaisheng Nengyuan(Renew able Energy Resources),32(11):1724-1729(刘洋,陆向红卢美贞,计建炳,2014,电絮凝法收集微藻,可再生能源32(11):1724-1729)
Ma F.,Duan S.Y.,Kong X.Z.,Chen X.,Yang J.X.,and Wang AJ.,2012,Present status and development trend of studies on microbial flocculants,Zhongguo Jishui Paishui(China Wa ter and Wastewater),28(2):14-17(马放,段姝悦,孔祥震陈旭,杨基先,王爱杰,2012,微生物絮凝剂的研究现状及其发展趋势,中国给水排水,28(2):14-17)
Papazi A.,Makridis P.,and Divanach P.,2010,Harvesting Chlorella minutissima using cell coagulants,Journal of Ap plied Phycology,22(3):349-355
Pirwitz K.,Rihko-Struckmann L.,and Sundmacher K.,2015,Co mparison of flocculation methods for harvesting Dunaliella Bioresource Technology,196:145-152
Salim S.,Bosma R.,VermuёM.H.,and Wijffels R.H.,2011,Har vesting of microalgae by bio-flocculation,Journal of Ap plied Phycology,23(5):849-855
Sukenik A.,Bilanovic D.,and Shelef G.,1988,Flocculation of mi croalgae in brackish and sea waters,Biomass,15(3):187-199
Uduman N.,Bourniquel V.,Danquah M.K.,and Hoadley A.F.A.2011,A parametric study of electrocoagulation as a recov ery process of marine microalgae for biodiesel production Chemical Engineering Journal,174(1):249-257
Uduman N.,Qi Y.,Danquah M.K.,Forde G.M.,and Hoadley A.2010,Dewatering of microalgal cultures:a major bottleneck to algae-based fuels,Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy,2(1):389-392
Vandamme D.,Pontes S.C.,Goiris K.,Foubert I.,Pinoy L.J.,and Muylaert K.,2011,Evaluation of electro-coagulation-floc culation for harvesting marine and freshwater microalgae Biotechnology and Bioengineering,108(10):2320-2329
Wan C.,Zhang X.Y.,Zhao X.Q.,and Bai F.W.,2015,Harvesting microalgae via flocculation:a review,Shengwu Gongchen gxue Bao(Chinese Journal of Biotechnology),31(2):161171(万春,张晓月,赵心清,白凤武,2015,利用絮凝进行微藻采收的研究进展,生物工程学报,31(2):161-171)
Wan C.,Zhao X.Q.,Guo S.L.,Alam M.A.,and Bai F.W.,2013Bioflocculant production from Solibacillus silvestris W01and its application in cost-effective harvest of marine mi croalga Nannochloropsis oceanica by flocculation,Biore source Technology,135:207-212
Wang S.K.,Stiles A.R.,Guo C.,and Liu C.Z.,2015,Harvesting microalgae by magnetic separation:a review,Algal Re search,9:178-185
Wu J.H.,Liu J.X.,Lin L.F.,Zhang C.W.,Li A.F.,Zhu Y.,and Zhang Y.M.,2015,Evaluation of several flocculants for floc culating microalgae,Bioresource Technology,197:495-501
Wu X.,Ge X.,Wang D.,and Tang H.X.,2007,Distinct coagula tion mechanism and model between alum and high Al13-PACl,Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,305(1):89-96
Xu L.,Guo C.,Wang F.,Zheng S.,and Liu C.Z.,2011,A simple and rapid harvesting method for microalgae by in situ magneti separation,Bioresource Technology,102(21):10047-10051
Xue R.,2013,Studies on harvesting of chlorella by air flotation Thesis for M.S.,Zhejiang University of Technology,Super visor:Lu X.H.,pp.30-31(薛蓉,2013,气浮法采收小球藻的研究,硕士学位论文,浙江工业大学,导师:陆向红,pp30-31)
Yavuz C.T.,Prakash A.,Mayo J.T.,and Colvin V.L.,2009,Mag netic separations:from steel plants to biotechnology,Chemi cal Engineering Science,64(10):2510-2521
Zheng Y.,2003,Studies on culture and harvesting of Dunaliell salina cells,Thesis for M.S.,Beijing University of Chemica Technology,Supervisor:Ma R.Y.,pp.30-40(郑毅,2003,盐藻细胞的培养和采收研究,硕士学位论文,北京化工大学,导师:马润宇,pp.30-40)
Alam M.A.,Wan C.,Guo S.L.,Zhao X.Q.,Huang Z.Y.,Yang YL.Chang J.S.,and Bai F.W.,2014,Characterization of th flocculating agent from the spontaneously flocculating mi croalgae Chlorella vulgaris JSC-7,Journal of Bioscienc and Bioengineering,118(1):29-33
Al-Hothaly K.A.,Adetutu E.M.,Taha M.,Fabbri D.,Lorenzetti CConti R.,May B.H.,Shar S.S.,Bayoumi R.A.,and Ball A.S2015,Bio-harvesting and pyrolysis of the microalgae Botry ococcus braunii,Bioresource Technology,191:117-123
Barany S.,and Szepesszentgyrgyi A.,2004,Flocculation of cel lular suspensions by polyelectrolytes,Advances in Colloid and Interface Science,111(1):117-129
Chisti Y.,2007,Biodiesel from microalgae,Biotechnology Ad vances,25(3):294-306
Dassey A.J.,and Theegala C.S.,2013,Harvesting economics and strategies using centrifugation for cost effective separation of microalgae cells for biodiesel applications,Bioresourc Technology,128:241-245
Deng X.D.,Cai J.J.,and Fei X.W.,2012,Optimum the cultiva tion station of Micractinium sp.18A8 and the effects of car bon source on lipid content,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),31(6):597602(邓晓东,蔡佳佳,费小雯,2012,微芒藻Micractinium sp.18A8培养条件优化及碳源对含油量的影响,基因组学与应用生物学,31(6):597-602)
Ding J.F.,Zhao F.M.,Cao Y.F.,Mei S.,and Li S.J.,2015,Floc culation kinetics of Chlorella sp.with polymeric aluminum chloride,Nongye Jixie Xuebao(Chinese Journal of agricul tural machinery),46(3):203-207(丁进锋,赵凤敏,曹有福梅帅,李树君,2015,聚合氯化铝絮凝小球藻的动力学研究,农业机械学报,46(3):203-207)
Gorin K.V.,Sergeeva Y.E.,Butylin V.V.,Komova A.V.,Pojidae V.M.,Badranova G.U.,Shapovalova A.A.,Konova I.A.,an Gotovtsev P.M.,2015,Methods coagulation/flocculation and flocculation with ballast agent for effective harvesting of mi croalgae,Bioresource Technology,193:178-184
Grima E.M.,Belarbi E.H.,Fernández F.G.A,Medina A.R.,and Chisti Y.,2003,Recovery of microalgal biomass and metabolites:process options and economics,Biotechnology Advances,20(7):491-515
Guo S.L.,2013,Development of transgenic flocculating Scene desmus obliquus and characterization of the flocculation o S.obliquus,Dissertation for Ph.D,Dalian University of Tech nology,Supervisor:Zhao X.Q.,pp.107-115(郭锁莲,2013转基因絮凝斜生栅藻的构建和自絮凝斜生栅藻细胞絮凝的研究,博士学位论文,大连理工大学,导师:赵心清,pp107-115)
Guo S.L.,Zhao X.Q.,Wan C.,Huang Z.Y.,Yang Y.L.,Alam MA.,Ho S.H.,Bai F.W.,and Chang J.S.,2013,Characteriza tion of flocculating agent from the self-flocculating microal ga Scenedesmus obliquus AS-6-1 for efficient biomass har vest,Bioresource Technology,145:285-289
Hu Y.R.,Guo C.,Xu L.,Wang F.,Wang S.K.,Hu Z.,and Liu CZ.,2014,A magnetic separator for efficient microalgae har vesting,Bioresource Technology,158:388-391
Hu Y.R.,Wang F.,Wang S.K.,Liu C.Z.,and Guo C.,2013,Effi cient harvesting of marine microalgae Nannochloropsis mar itima using magnetic nanoparticles,Bioresource Technolo gy,138:387-390
Hu Y.S.,Liu B.,Hao X.D.,and Cao Y.L.,2015,Current statu and outlook of microalgae flocculation in wastewater treat ment,Huanjing Kexue Xuebao(Acta Scientiae Circumstan tiae),35(1):12-29(胡沅胜,刘斌,郝晓地,曹亚莉,2015,微藻处理污水中的絮凝分离/采收研究现状与展望,环境科学学报,35(1):12-29)
Kim D.Y.,Oh Y.K.,Park J.Y.,Kim B.,Choi S.A.,and Han J.I.2015a,An integrated process for microalgae harvesting and cell disruption by the use of ferric ions,Bioresource Tech nology,191:469-474
Kim K.,Shin H.,Moon M.,Ryu B.G.,Han J.I.,Yang J.W.,and Chang Y.K.,2015b,Evaluation of various harvesting meth ods for high-density microalgae,Aurantiochytrium sp.KRS101,Bioresource Technology,198:828-835
Knig R.B.,Sales R.,Roselet F.,and Abreu P.C.,2014,Harvest ing of the marine microalga Conticribra weissflogii(Bacillar iophyceae)by cationic polymeric flocculants,Biomass and Bioenergy,68:1-6
Lam M.K.,and Lee K.T.,2011,Microalgae biofuels:a critical re view of issues,problems and the way forward,Biotechnolo gy Advances,30(3):673-690
Lee K.,Lee S.Y.,Praveenkumar R.,Kim B.,Seo J.Y.,Jeon S.G.Na J.G.,Park J.Y.,Kim D.M.,and Oh Y.K.,2014,Repeated use of stable magnetic flocculant for efficient harvest o oleaginous Chlorella sp.,Bioresource Technology,167284-290
Lei G.Y.,Zhang X.Q.,and Wang D.S.,2007,The algae remova mechanism by polymerized aluminium salt coagulants and methods to improve algae removal,Shuiziyuan Baohu(Wa ter Resources Protection),23(5):50-54(雷国元,张晓晴,王丹鸶,2007,聚合铝盐混凝剂混凝除藻机理与强化除藻措施,水资源保护,23(5):50-54)
Li X.C.,Mu C.X.,Mu G.,and Li F.,2012,Performance of dis solved air flotation for marine microalgae harvesting,Dalian Haiyang Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Dalian Ocean Universi ty),27(4):355-359(李秀辰,牟晨晓,母刚,李丰,2012,海洋微藻的加压气浮采收工艺研究,大连海洋大学学报,27(4):355-359)
Liu J.X.,2014,Establishment of p H-induced in-situ flocculation of energy microalgae and investigation of the mechanism Thesis for M.S.,Jinan University,Supervisor:Zhang Y.M.pp.28-38(刘洁霞,2014,p H值诱导能源微藻原位絮凝方法的建立及机理研究,硕士学位论文,暨南大学,导师:张渊明,pp.28-38)
Liu J.X.,Tao Y.J.,Wu J.H.,Zhu Y,Gao B.Y.,Tang Y.,Li A.FZhang C.W.,and Zhang Y.M.,2014,Effective flocculation o target microalgae with self-flocculating microalgae induced by p H decrease,Bioresource Technology,167:367-375
Liu J.X.,Zhu Y.,Tao Y.J.,Zhang Y.M.,Li A.F.,Li T.,Sang M.and Zhang C.W.,2013,Freshwater microalgae harvested vi flocculation induced by p H decrease,Biotechnology fo Biofuels,6(1):1-11
Liu Y.,Lu X.H.,Lu M.Z.,and Ji J.B.,2014,Collect microalga by using electrocoagulation,Kezaisheng Nengyuan(Renew able Energy Resources),32(11):1724-1729(刘洋,陆向红卢美贞,计建炳,2014,电絮凝法收集微藻,可再生能源32(11):1724-1729)
Ma F.,Duan S.Y.,Kong X.Z.,Chen X.,Yang J.X.,and Wang AJ.,2012,Present status and development trend of studies on microbial flocculants,Zhongguo Jishui Paishui(China Wa ter and Wastewater),28(2):14-17(马放,段姝悦,孔祥震陈旭,杨基先,王爱杰,2012,微生物絮凝剂的研究现状及其发展趋势,中国给水排水,28(2):14-17)
Papazi A.,Makridis P.,and Divanach P.,2010,Harvesting Chlorella minutissima using cell coagulants,Journal of Ap plied Phycology,22(3):349-355
Pirwitz K.,Rihko-Struckmann L.,and Sundmacher K.,2015,Co mparison of flocculation methods for harvesting Dunaliella Bioresource Technology,196:145-152
Salim S.,Bosma R.,VermuёM.H.,and Wijffels R.H.,2011,Har vesting of microalgae by bio-flocculation,Journal of Ap plied Phycology,23(5):849-855
Sukenik A.,Bilanovic D.,and Shelef G.,1988,Flocculation of mi croalgae in brackish and sea waters,Biomass,15(3):187-199
Uduman N.,Bourniquel V.,Danquah M.K.,and Hoadley A.F.A.2011,A parametric study of electrocoagulation as a recov ery process of marine microalgae for biodiesel production Chemical Engineering Journal,174(1):249-257
Uduman N.,Qi Y.,Danquah M.K.,Forde G.M.,and Hoadley A.2010,Dewatering of microalgal cultures:a major bottleneck to algae-based fuels,Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy,2(1):389-392
Vandamme D.,Pontes S.C.,Goiris K.,Foubert I.,Pinoy L.J.,and Muylaert K.,2011,Evaluation of electro-coagulation-floc culation for harvesting marine and freshwater microalgae Biotechnology and Bioengineering,108(10):2320-2329
Wan C.,Zhang X.Y.,Zhao X.Q.,and Bai F.W.,2015,Harvesting microalgae via flocculation:a review,Shengwu Gongchen gxue Bao(Chinese Journal of Biotechnology),31(2):161171(万春,张晓月,赵心清,白凤武,2015,利用絮凝进行微藻采收的研究进展,生物工程学报,31(2):161-171)
Wan C.,Zhao X.Q.,Guo S.L.,Alam M.A.,and Bai F.W.,2013Bioflocculant production from Solibacillus silvestris W01and its application in cost-effective harvest of marine mi croalga Nannochloropsis oceanica by flocculation,Biore source Technology,135:207-212
Wang S.K.,Stiles A.R.,Guo C.,and Liu C.Z.,2015,Harvesting microalgae by magnetic separation:a review,Algal Re search,9:178-185
Wu J.H.,Liu J.X.,Lin L.F.,Zhang C.W.,Li A.F.,Zhu Y.,and Zhang Y.M.,2015,Evaluation of several flocculants for floc culating microalgae,Bioresource Technology,197:495-501
Wu X.,Ge X.,Wang D.,and Tang H.X.,2007,Distinct coagula tion mechanism and model between alum and high Al13-PACl,Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,305(1):89-96
Xu L.,Guo C.,Wang F.,Zheng S.,and Liu C.Z.,2011,A simple and rapid harvesting method for microalgae by in situ magneti separation,Bioresource Technology,102(21):10047-10051
Xue R.,2013,Studies on harvesting of chlorella by air flotation Thesis for M.S.,Zhejiang University of Technology,Super visor:Lu X.H.,pp.30-31(薛蓉,2013,气浮法采收小球藻的研究,硕士学位论文,浙江工业大学,导师:陆向红,pp30-31)
Yavuz C.T.,Prakash A.,Mayo J.T.,and Colvin V.L.,2009,Mag netic separations:from steel plants to biotechnology,Chemi cal Engineering Science,64(10):2510-2521
Zheng Y.,2003,Studies on culture and harvesting of Dunaliell salina cells,Thesis for M.S.,Beijing University of Chemica Technology,Supervisor:Ma R.Y.,pp.30-40(郑毅,2003,盐藻细胞的培养和采收研究,硕士学位论文,北京化工大学,导师:马润宇,pp.30-40)