面向智能电网的先进电压电流传感方法研究进展
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摘要
电压电流传感测量在电力系统的电能计量、继电保护、过电压在线监测、智能设备控制、电力检修等领域均具有极其重要的地位。随着中国智能电网的加速建设以及电网数字化、智能化和自动化程度的不断提高,电压电流传感器将面临数字化、小型化及便捷化的发展需要。相比较于传统电磁式互感器,基于电光(磁光)、逆压电(磁致伸缩)、热电效应等原理的先进电压电流测量技术在电磁免疫、无损传输、拓扑结构、宽幅值和宽频带测量等方面具有各自的优势;另一方面,针对未来电网多场景应用,传感器的封装、高精度和高可靠安全运行也面临巨大挑战。因此,从电压测量和电流测量耦合机制方面,分别介绍了基于电光效应、逆压电效应和电致发光效应的电压/电场传感技术,以及基于法拉第效应、磁致伸缩、热效应和磁阻效应的电流/磁场传感技术,同时总结了相应传感材料和拓扑结构。在此基础上,指出电压电流传感在传感方式、频率特性、大气参数适应性、传感器取能、传感设备的小型化等方面面临的挑战,需要新的物理量耦合机制指引、新型先进传感材料支援和新颖有效传感器拓扑协助;性能稳定、准确度高且成本低的新型电压电流传感技术能够广泛应用于智能电网建设。
Voltage/current measurement play essential roles in energy counting, relay protection, overvoltage online monitoring, smart equipment control, and electric power overhaul. With the rapid development of smart grid, and improvement of digitalization, intelligence and automation in power grid, it is required to realize digitalization, small and convenient for voltage/current sensors. Compared to conditional electromagnetic transformer, advanced voltage/current measurement technique based on the electro-optic(magneto-optic) effect, the inverse piezoelectric(magnetostrictive) effect, and the thermal effect owns distinct advantages like electromagnetic-free, low/no-loss transmission, topology structure, wide amplitude, and frequency sensing range. At the same time, new challenges exist for sensor packaging and high-precision safe operation in multi-scene application of power grid in the future. Therefore, based on the electro-optical effect, inverse piezoelectric effect, and electroluminescent effect, some new voltage/electric field sensing techniques are introduced and discussed. Similarly, based on the Faraday effect, magnetostrictive effect, thermal effect, and magnetoresistive effect, some new current/magnetic field sensing techniques are introduced and discussed. At last, challenges in sensing techniques, frequency characteristic, circumstance adaption, sensor energy-gaining and sensor volume minimization are discussed. It is pointed out that new sensor layout, new sensing materials and new conversion of physical quantities are needed to be assistance in solving these problems. Only voltage/current sensing techniques with high stability, high accuracy and low cost can be widely applied in establishment of smart grid.
Voltage/current measurement play essential roles in energy counting, relay protection, overvoltage online monitoring, smart equipment control, and electric power overhaul. With the rapid development of smart grid, and improvement of digitalization, intelligence and automation in power grid, it is required to realize digitalization, small and convenient for voltage/current sensors. Compared to conditional electromagnetic transformer, advanced voltage/current measurement technique based on the electro-optic(magneto-optic) effect, the inverse piezoelectric(magnetostrictive) effect, and the thermal effect owns distinct advantages like electromagnetic-free, low/no-loss transmission, topology structure, wide amplitude, and frequency sensing range. At the same time, new challenges exist for sensor packaging and high-precision safe operation in multi-scene application of power grid in the future. Therefore, based on the electro-optical effect, inverse piezoelectric effect, and electroluminescent effect, some new voltage/electric field sensing techniques are introduced and discussed. Similarly, based on the Faraday effect, magnetostrictive effect, thermal effect, and magnetoresistive effect, some new current/magnetic field sensing techniques are introduced and discussed. At last, challenges in sensing techniques, frequency characteristic, circumstance adaption, sensor energy-gaining and sensor volume minimization are discussed. It is pointed out that new sensor layout, new sensing materials and new conversion of physical quantities are needed to be assistance in solving these problems. Only voltage/current sensing techniques with high stability, high accuracy and low cost can be widely applied in establishment of smart grid.
引文
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