2015年北京市昌平区中小学生尝试吸烟行为及影响因素调查
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摘要
目的了解北京市昌平区中小学生尝试吸烟行为及相关影响因素,为开展学生烟草干预提供科学依据。方法2015年10-11月,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,对昌平区9所中小学校1 364名学生进行现场问卷调查,调查内容包括学生基本情况、尝试吸烟现状、首次吸烟年龄、首次吸烟原因、对烟草的认知与态度及尝试吸烟的相关因素,分析不同因素对学生尝试吸烟行为的影响。结果昌平区中小学生尝试吸烟率为10.34%,高中生(16.45%)高于职高生(13.76%)高于小学生(7.53%)高于初中生(4.79%)(χ2=35.51,P=0.00),男生高于女生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=45.98,P=0.00);第一次尝试吸烟年龄主要分布在7岁或7岁以下(23.40%),其次是8~9岁(17.02%);最主要原因是好奇(54.61%);尝试吸烟行为的危险因素是男生(OR=3.02,95%CI:1.97~4.63,P=0.00)、每日零花钱>5元(OR=3.02,95%CI:1.91~4.79,P=0.00)、校园内见过有人吸烟(OR=1.97,95%CI:1.32~2.95,P=0.00)、最好的5位同学或朋友中有人吸烟(OR=4.28,95%CI:2.79~6.56,P=0.00)和电视、录像或电影中看到过吸烟镜头(OR=1.76,95%CI:1.19~2.61,P=0.01)。结论 2015年昌平区中小学生尝试吸烟行为较为严峻,且影响因素广泛,应针对重点人群加强烟草知识宣教,开启家庭-学校-社会的综合控烟模式。
Objective To investigate the students' attempts to smoke and related factors in primary and middle schools in Changping District,Beijing City,and to provide a scientific basis for performing tobacco intervention among the students. Methods A field questionnaire survey was conducted among 1,364 students selected from 9 primary and middle schools in Changping District by multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling from October to November,2015. The contents of the investigation involved the students' general information,current status of attempts to smoke,age of the first smoking,reasons for the first smoking,cognition and attitudes towards tobacco as well as factors associated with attempts to smoke. The impacts of different factors on the students' attempts to smoke were analyzed. Results The rate of attempts to smoke in the pupils and middle school students in Changping District was 10. 34%. The rate was higher in senior high school students than in vocational high school students( 16. 45% vs. 13.76%),pupils( 16.45% vs. 7.53%) and junior middle school students( 16.45% vs. 4.79%) as well as higher in boys than in girls,showing statistically signifianct differences( χ2= 35.51,P = 0.00; χ2= 45.98,P = 0.00). Among the students reported tobacco smoking,the first time of trying to smoke happened at 7 years of age or less( 23.40%),followed by 8-9 years old( 17.02%). The main cause was curiosity( 54.61%). The risk factors of trying to smoke were as follows: boys( OR= 3.02,95%CI= 1.97-4.63,P = 0.00),daily pocket money more than 5 Yuan( OR = 3.02,95%CI = 1.91-4.79,P = 0.00),seeing others smoke at schools( OR = 1.97,95%CI = 1.32-2.95,P = 0.00),having a smoker among the 5 best classmates or friends( OR = 4.28,95%CI = 2.79-6.56,P = 0.00) and having seen smoking scenes on TV programs,videos or films( OR = 1.76,95%CI = 1.19-2.61,P= 0.01). Conclusions Attempts at smoking among the primary and middle school students in Changping District in 2015 were prevalent,and were also impacted by many factors. It is necessary to strengthen propaganda and education about the harm of smoking among the key groups and implement an integrated home-school-society tobacco-control strategy.
Objective To investigate the students' attempts to smoke and related factors in primary and middle schools in Changping District,Beijing City,and to provide a scientific basis for performing tobacco intervention among the students. Methods A field questionnaire survey was conducted among 1,364 students selected from 9 primary and middle schools in Changping District by multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling from October to November,2015. The contents of the investigation involved the students' general information,current status of attempts to smoke,age of the first smoking,reasons for the first smoking,cognition and attitudes towards tobacco as well as factors associated with attempts to smoke. The impacts of different factors on the students' attempts to smoke were analyzed. Results The rate of attempts to smoke in the pupils and middle school students in Changping District was 10. 34%. The rate was higher in senior high school students than in vocational high school students( 16. 45% vs. 13.76%),pupils( 16.45% vs. 7.53%) and junior middle school students( 16.45% vs. 4.79%) as well as higher in boys than in girls,showing statistically signifianct differences( χ2= 35.51,P = 0.00; χ2= 45.98,P = 0.00). Among the students reported tobacco smoking,the first time of trying to smoke happened at 7 years of age or less( 23.40%),followed by 8-9 years old( 17.02%). The main cause was curiosity( 54.61%). The risk factors of trying to smoke were as follows: boys( OR= 3.02,95%CI= 1.97-4.63,P = 0.00),daily pocket money more than 5 Yuan( OR = 3.02,95%CI = 1.91-4.79,P = 0.00),seeing others smoke at schools( OR = 1.97,95%CI = 1.32-2.95,P = 0.00),having a smoker among the 5 best classmates or friends( OR = 4.28,95%CI = 2.79-6.56,P = 0.00) and having seen smoking scenes on TV programs,videos or films( OR = 1.76,95%CI = 1.19-2.61,P= 0.01). Conclusions Attempts at smoking among the primary and middle school students in Changping District in 2015 were prevalent,and were also impacted by many factors. It is necessary to strengthen propaganda and education about the harm of smoking among the key groups and implement an integrated home-school-society tobacco-control strategy.
引文
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[13]王五红,罗家有,奉琪,等.湖南省初中学生吸烟现况及影响因素分析[J].实用预防医学,2015,22(1):120-123.
[14]见明智,陈洁,陶建华,等.绍兴市中学生尝试吸烟的相关因素研究[J].实用预防医学,2014,21(12):1457-1459.
[15]沈少君,聂少萍,何伦发,等.广东省中学生吸烟知识态度行为现状[J].中国学校卫生,2012,33(5):581-583.
[16]陈友兰,田丁,戴龙,等.厦门市中小学生尝试吸烟现状及影响因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(6):886-889.
[2]2014中国青少年烟草调查报告[R].北京:中国疾病预防控制中心,2014:1-110.
[3]葛会美,高美华.吸烟和被动吸烟对青少年免疫系统的危害[J].中国当代医药,2015,22(2):142-147.
[4]王楠.我国被动吸烟现状及干预策略[J].中国健康教育,2008,24(12):943-945.
[5]杨功焕,马杰民,刘娜,等.中国人群2002年吸烟和被动吸烟的现状调查[J].中华流行病学杂志,2005,26(1):77-83.
[6]肖林.中国青少年烟草使用现状研究[J].中国青年研究,2016,9(1):85-89.
[7]马丽娜,罗彦,余惠红,等.湖北省初中生尝试吸烟行为状况分析[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2015,26(2):123-125.
[8]张琨,王芸,闫丽艳,等.2011-2013年北京市西北部山区青少年尝试吸烟状况对比[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2016,27(2):125-128.
[9]勉丽娜,苏凤华,石红梅,等.2013年北京市东城区(南)部分青少年烟草使用现状及其相关因素[J].职业与健康,2015,31(1):87-90.
[10]姬春燕,孙洪文,李慧.2011年北京市大兴区青少年烟草使用现状及其相关问题的调查[J].职业与健康,2013,29(4):394-401.
[11]徐文婕,刘亨辉,刘峥,等.北京市2011年中小学生吸烟现状及其影响因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2013,34(10):1241-1245.
[12]马文娟,黄晓红,陈再芳.无锡市中小学生尝试吸烟行为及其影响因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2015,36(1):57-60.
[13]王五红,罗家有,奉琪,等.湖南省初中学生吸烟现况及影响因素分析[J].实用预防医学,2015,22(1):120-123.
[14]见明智,陈洁,陶建华,等.绍兴市中学生尝试吸烟的相关因素研究[J].实用预防医学,2014,21(12):1457-1459.
[15]沈少君,聂少萍,何伦发,等.广东省中学生吸烟知识态度行为现状[J].中国学校卫生,2012,33(5):581-583.
[16]陈友兰,田丁,戴龙,等.厦门市中小学生尝试吸烟现状及影响因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(6):886-889.