不同孵化基质和开口饵料对宽体金线蛭生长发育的影响
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摘要
比较有机孵化基质对宽体金线蛭卵茧孵化效果和不同开口饵料对苗种生长发育的影响。孵化基质分别为土壤、牛粪有机肥、蘑菇菌渣,开口饵料分别为螺蛳、漂螺。试验结果显示,蘑菇菌渣+土壤组卵茧孵化率高达98.89%,显著高于土壤组和蘑菇菌渣组(P<0.05);幼蛭各生长指标显著高于土壤组、蘑菇菌渣组、有机肥组及有机肥+土壤组(P<0.05);混合组幼蛭各生长指标均显著高于未添加土壤组(P<0.05)。5种不同孵化基质孵化率依次为蘑菇菌渣+土壤>土壤>有机肥+土壤>有机肥>蘑菇菌渣。不同开口饵料的试验比较发现,漂螺组幼蛭成活率为72.50%,显著高于螺蛳组和螺蛳+漂螺组(P<0.05),漂螺组和螺蛳+漂螺组幼蛭体质量显著高于螺蛳组(P<0.05)。生长效果依次为漂螺组>螺蛳+漂螺组>螺蛳组。试验结果表明,蘑菇菌渣可以作为宽体金线蛭卵茧孵化基质;无厣结构的漂螺更适宜作宽体金线蛭幼蛭的开口饵料。
The effects of organic incubation matrices including soil, cow dung organic manure and mushroom residues on hatching rate of cocoon and effects of snails(Bellamya purificata) and screw(Radix auricularia) as weaning diet on survival of juvenile were investigated in leech Whitmania pigra to insight into effects of incubation matrices and weaning foods on the development and growth of seedling. The resulted showed that there was hatching rate of as high as 98.89% in the cocoons incubated in the matrix of mushroom residues+soil, significantly higher than that in soil group and the mushroom residues group(P<0.05). The juveniles from cocoons incubated in the matrix of mushroom residues+soil had significantly better growth than the juveniles from cocoons incubated in the matrices of soil, mushroom residues and mixture of organic manure of cow dung and soil(P<0.05), with the descending order of hatching rate in five different incubators was expressed as mushroom residues+soil>soil only>organic fertilizer+soil>organic fertilizer only>mushroom residues only. There was significantly higher survival rate in the juvenile leeches fed screw(72.50%) than that in the juvenile leeches fed the snail and snail+screw(P<0.05). The leech juveniles fed screw and the mixed screw and snail had significantly higher body weight than the juveniles fed the snail(P<0.05), with the descending order of growth rate in different weaning diets was described as screw>mixed crew+snail> snail.
The effects of organic incubation matrices including soil, cow dung organic manure and mushroom residues on hatching rate of cocoon and effects of snails(Bellamya purificata) and screw(Radix auricularia) as weaning diet on survival of juvenile were investigated in leech Whitmania pigra to insight into effects of incubation matrices and weaning foods on the development and growth of seedling. The resulted showed that there was hatching rate of as high as 98.89% in the cocoons incubated in the matrix of mushroom residues+soil, significantly higher than that in soil group and the mushroom residues group(P<0.05). The juveniles from cocoons incubated in the matrix of mushroom residues+soil had significantly better growth than the juveniles from cocoons incubated in the matrices of soil, mushroom residues and mixture of organic manure of cow dung and soil(P<0.05), with the descending order of hatching rate in five different incubators was expressed as mushroom residues+soil>soil only>organic fertilizer+soil>organic fertilizer only>mushroom residues only. There was significantly higher survival rate in the juvenile leeches fed screw(72.50%) than that in the juvenile leeches fed the snail and snail+screw(P<0.05). The leech juveniles fed screw and the mixed screw and snail had significantly higher body weight than the juveniles fed the snail(P<0.05), with the descending order of growth rate in different weaning diets was described as screw>mixed crew+snail> snail.
引文
[1] 王熙宇. 宽体金线蛭消化系统与生殖系统的组织学研究[D]. 上海:上海海洋大学,2010.
[2] 高明, 侯建华, 李双安. 水蛭人工养殖技术研究进展[J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医,2013(5):17-19.
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[5] Wang C H. Three new pteridines from the leech Whitmania pigra[J]. Chemistry Letters,2013,42(9):983-985.
[6] 邓妙丽, 李宝红, 程怡, 等. 水蛭的研究概况[J]. 海峡药学,2012,24(3):5-8.
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[8] 童水明, 徐毛喜, 颜冬, 等. 膨胀蛭石对宽体金线蛭卵孵化的影响[J]. 水产科技情报,2016,43(3):143-146.
[9] 刘菲菲. 三种农药在水稻及其环境中的分布、迁移和残留研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2013.
[10] 朱成德. 仔鱼的开口摄食期及其饵料综述[J].水生生物学报,1986,10(1):86-95.
[11] 史红专, 刘飞, 郭巧生. 宽体金线蛭耗氧率与窒息点的初步研究[J]. 中国中药杂志,2005,30(23):1817-1820.
[12] 史红专, 刘飞, 郭巧生. 温度和体重对蚂蟥人工繁殖影响的研究[J]. 中国中药杂志,2006,31(24):2030-2032.
[13] Wang J, Guo Q, Shi H, et al. Effects of light spectrum and intensity on growth, survival and physiology of leech (Whitmania pigra) larvae under the rearing conditions[J]. Aquaculture Research,2016,48(7):3329-3339.
[14] 林小清. 宽体金线蛭人工繁育条件及饵料优化研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学,2014.
[15] 张晓君, 房海, 陈翠珍, 等. 宽体金线蛭嗜水气单胞菌感染的病原检验[J]. 微生物学通报,2006,33(1):46-52.
[16] 磨美兰, 韦平, 周维官, 等. 水蛭常见病原菌的分离与鉴定[J]. 动物学杂志,2003,38(3):2-7.
[17] 王信海, 丁辰龙, 姜爱兰, 等. 宽体金线蛭的人工可控高效繁殖技术[J].水产养殖,2012,33(2):30-31.
[18] Blackshaw S E, Nicholls J G. Neurobiology and development of the leech[J].Journal of Neurobiology,1995,27(3):267-276.
[19] Wilkialis J, Davies R W. The population ecology of the leech (Hirudinoidea:Glossiphoniidae) Theromyzon rude [J]. Canadian Journal of Zoology,1980,58(5):913-916.
[20] 熊良伟, 王帅兵, 王建国, 等. 宽体金线蛭繁殖性能及蛭苗生长特征研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(3):374-380.
[21] 王安纲, 王祖效. 宽体金线蛭的调查及生物学特性的观察[J]. 水生态学杂志,2005,25(5):40-41.
[22] 高明, 刘玉芝, 李双安. 宽体金线蛭的生物学特性及养殖技术[J]. 宁夏农林科技,2012,53(7):54-55.
[23] Electricwala A, Hartwell R, Scawen M D, et al. The complete amino acid sequence of a hirudin variant from the leech Hirudinaria manillensis[J]. Journal of Protein Chemistry,1993,12(3):365-370.
[24] 林小清, 徐海圣, 沈乃峰, 等. 不同饵料对宽体金线蛭生长的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学,2014(9):1447-1449.
[25] 童水明, 徐毛喜, 颜冬, 等. 宽体金线蛭幼苗培养技术试验[J]. 湖北农业科学,2017,56(2):299-300.
[2] 高明, 侯建华, 李双安. 水蛭人工养殖技术研究进展[J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医,2013(5):17-19.
[3] 刘飞, 郭巧生, 史红专, 等. 蚂蟥和水蛭种间遗传变异和系统关系的ITS序列分析[J]. 中国中药杂志,2011,36(4):414-419.
[4] Li T, Wang G C, Huang X J. Whitmanoside A(I), a new α-pyrone glycoside from the leech Whitmania pigra [J]. Heterocycles,2013,87(7):1537.
[5] Wang C H. Three new pteridines from the leech Whitmania pigra[J]. Chemistry Letters,2013,42(9):983-985.
[6] 邓妙丽, 李宝红, 程怡, 等. 水蛭的研究概况[J]. 海峡药学,2012,24(3):5-8.
[7] 邱楚雯, 王韩信, 刘晓东, 等. 宽体金线蛭人工繁殖技术初步研究[J]. 水产科技情报,2015,42(5):225-228.
[8] 童水明, 徐毛喜, 颜冬, 等. 膨胀蛭石对宽体金线蛭卵孵化的影响[J]. 水产科技情报,2016,43(3):143-146.
[9] 刘菲菲. 三种农药在水稻及其环境中的分布、迁移和残留研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2013.
[10] 朱成德. 仔鱼的开口摄食期及其饵料综述[J].水生生物学报,1986,10(1):86-95.
[11] 史红专, 刘飞, 郭巧生. 宽体金线蛭耗氧率与窒息点的初步研究[J]. 中国中药杂志,2005,30(23):1817-1820.
[12] 史红专, 刘飞, 郭巧生. 温度和体重对蚂蟥人工繁殖影响的研究[J]. 中国中药杂志,2006,31(24):2030-2032.
[13] Wang J, Guo Q, Shi H, et al. Effects of light spectrum and intensity on growth, survival and physiology of leech (Whitmania pigra) larvae under the rearing conditions[J]. Aquaculture Research,2016,48(7):3329-3339.
[14] 林小清. 宽体金线蛭人工繁育条件及饵料优化研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学,2014.
[15] 张晓君, 房海, 陈翠珍, 等. 宽体金线蛭嗜水气单胞菌感染的病原检验[J]. 微生物学通报,2006,33(1):46-52.
[16] 磨美兰, 韦平, 周维官, 等. 水蛭常见病原菌的分离与鉴定[J]. 动物学杂志,2003,38(3):2-7.
[17] 王信海, 丁辰龙, 姜爱兰, 等. 宽体金线蛭的人工可控高效繁殖技术[J].水产养殖,2012,33(2):30-31.
[18] Blackshaw S E, Nicholls J G. Neurobiology and development of the leech[J].Journal of Neurobiology,1995,27(3):267-276.
[19] Wilkialis J, Davies R W. The population ecology of the leech (Hirudinoidea:Glossiphoniidae) Theromyzon rude [J]. Canadian Journal of Zoology,1980,58(5):913-916.
[20] 熊良伟, 王帅兵, 王建国, 等. 宽体金线蛭繁殖性能及蛭苗生长特征研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(3):374-380.
[21] 王安纲, 王祖效. 宽体金线蛭的调查及生物学特性的观察[J]. 水生态学杂志,2005,25(5):40-41.
[22] 高明, 刘玉芝, 李双安. 宽体金线蛭的生物学特性及养殖技术[J]. 宁夏农林科技,2012,53(7):54-55.
[23] Electricwala A, Hartwell R, Scawen M D, et al. The complete amino acid sequence of a hirudin variant from the leech Hirudinaria manillensis[J]. Journal of Protein Chemistry,1993,12(3):365-370.
[24] 林小清, 徐海圣, 沈乃峰, 等. 不同饵料对宽体金线蛭生长的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学,2014(9):1447-1449.
[25] 童水明, 徐毛喜, 颜冬, 等. 宽体金线蛭幼苗培养技术试验[J]. 湖北农业科学,2017,56(2):299-300.