基于溶剂工程制备高效率钙钛矿太阳能电池
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摘要
溶剂对钙钛矿(CH_3NH_3PbI_3)太阳能电池的制备非常重要,基于目前常用的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)两种溶剂,通过一步旋涂技术制备钙钛矿薄膜,在不同溶剂的比例下制备出来的钙钛矿薄膜质量、结晶性、吸光性能,以及最终的器件转化效率都存在着较大的差异。本文通过调节溶剂的比例,研究其对钙钛矿的薄膜的形貌、结晶性、成膜质量等方面的影响。通过优化DMF和DMSO的比例,得到当DMSO∶DMF的比例为7∶3时,制备出的钙钛矿薄膜质量最高,用该薄膜制备的钙钛矿太阳能电池器件效率高达19.13%,并结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外吸收光谱(UV-vis)、稳态荧光光谱(PL)等表征手段,具体分析了合适的溶剂比例提升钙钛矿太阳能电池器件效率。
Solvents play an important role for the preparation of perovskite(CH_3NH_3PbI_3) solar cells.Currently,based on the used N,N dimethylformamide(DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) these two solvents,perovskite films are prepared by a one-step spin coating technique. The quality,crystallinity,light-absorbing performance,and the final device conversion efficiency of the perovskite films prepared at different solvent ratios are quite different. In this paper,the influence of the solvent on the morphology,crystallinity,and film formation quality of perovskite thin films was studied. By optimizing the ratio of DMF and DMSO,the perovskite film produced has the highest quality when the ratio of DMSO∶ DMF =7∶ 3. The efficiency of the perovskite solar cell prepared with the film is as high as 19. 13%,combined with scanning electrons Microscope(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),UV-vis spectroscopy(UV-vis),and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy(PL) were used to characterize the specific solvent ratio to enhance the efficiency of perovskite solar cell device.
Solvents play an important role for the preparation of perovskite(CH_3NH_3PbI_3) solar cells.Currently,based on the used N,N dimethylformamide(DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) these two solvents,perovskite films are prepared by a one-step spin coating technique. The quality,crystallinity,light-absorbing performance,and the final device conversion efficiency of the perovskite films prepared at different solvent ratios are quite different. In this paper,the influence of the solvent on the morphology,crystallinity,and film formation quality of perovskite thin films was studied. By optimizing the ratio of DMF and DMSO,the perovskite film produced has the highest quality when the ratio of DMSO∶ DMF =7∶ 3. The efficiency of the perovskite solar cell prepared with the film is as high as 19. 13%,combined with scanning electrons Microscope(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),UV-vis spectroscopy(UV-vis),and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy(PL) were used to characterize the specific solvent ratio to enhance the efficiency of perovskite solar cell device.
引文
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[27]Qiu W,Merckx T,Jaysankar M,et al.Pinhole-free perovskite films for efficient solar modules[J].Energy Environmental Science,2016,9(2):484-489.
[28]Qin P,Tanaka S,Ito S,et al.Inorganic hole conductor-based lead halide perovskite solar cells with 12.4%conversion efficiency[J].Nature Communications,2014,5:
[2]Tan H,Jain A,Voznyy O,et al.Efficient and stable solution-processed planar perovskite solar cells via contact passivation[J].Science,2017,355(6326):722-726.
[3]Xiao Z,Dong Q,Bi C,et al.Solvent Annealing of Perovskite-Induced Crystal Growth for Photovoltaic-Device Efficiency Enhancement[J].Advanced Materials,2014,26(37):6503-6509.
[4]Li X,Bi D,Yi C,et al.A vacuum flash-assisted solution process for high-efficiency large-area perovskite solar cells[J].Science,2016,353(6294):58-62.
[5]Luo D,Zhao L,Wu J,et al.Dual-Source Precursor Approach for Highly Efficient Inverted Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells[J].Advanced Materials,2017,29(19):1604758.
[6]Matteocci F,Razza S,Di Giacomo F,et al.Solid-state solar modules based on mesoscopic organometal halide perovskite:a route towards the upscaling process[J].Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,2014,16(9):3918-3923.
[7]Li W,Fan J,Li J,et al.Controllable Grain Morphology of Perovskite Absorber Film by Molecular Self-Assembly toward Efficient Solar Cell Exceeding 17%[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2015,137(32):10399-10405.
[8]Marchioro A,Teuscher J,Friedrich D,et al.Unravelling the mechanism of photoinduced charge transfer processes in lead iodide perovskite solar cells[J].Nature Photonics,2014,8(3):250-255.
[9]Kim H S,Mora-Sero I,Gonzalez-Pedro V,et al.Mechanism of carrier accumulation in perovskite thin-absorber solar cells[J].Nature Communications,2013,4:2242.
[10]Gonzalez-Pedro V,Juarez-Perez E J,Arsyad W S,et al.General Working Principles of CH3NH3Pb X3Perovskite Solar Cells[J].Nano letters,2014,14(2):888-893.
[11]Liu T,Chen K,Hu Q,et al.Inverted perovskite solar cells:progresses and perspectives[J].Advanced Energy Materials,2016,6(17):1600457.
[12]Bi S,Zhang X,Qin L,et al.Incorporating an Inert Polymer into the Interlayer Passivates Surface Defects in Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells[J].Chemistry-A European Journal,2017,23(58):14650-14657.
[13]Kim H S,Park N G.Parameters Affecting I-V Hysteresis of CH3NH3Pb I3Perovskite Solar Cells:Effects of Perovskite Crystal Size and Mesoporous Ti O2Layer[J].Journal Physical Chemitry Letters,2014,5(19):2927-2934.
[14]You S,Bi S,Huang J,et al.Additive Enhanced Crystallization of Solution-Process for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding19%[J].Chemistry-A European Journal,2017,23(72):18140-18145.
[15]Tress W,Marinova N,Moehl T,et al.Understanding the rate-dependent J-V hysteresis,slow time component,and aging in CH3NH3Pb I3perovskite solar cells:the role of a compensated electric field[J].Energy Environmental Science,2015,8(3):995-1004.
[16]Kim Y C,Jeon N J,Noh J H,et al.Beneficial Effects of Pb I2Incorporated in Organo-Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells[J].Advanced Energy Materials,2016,6(4):1502104.
[17]Liu F,Dong Q,Wong M K,et al.Is Excess Pb I2Beneficial for Perovskite Solar Cell Performance[J].Advanced Energy Materials,2016,6(7):1502206.
[18]Jeon N J,Noh J H,Kim Y C,et al.Solvent engineering for high-performance inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite solar cells[J].Nature Materials,2014,13(9):897-903.
[19]Zuo L,Dong S,De Marco N,et al.Morphology evolution of high efficiency perovskite solar cells via vapor induced intermediate phases[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2016,138(48):15710-15716.
[20]Zuo L,Gu Z,Ye T,et al.Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance of CH3NH3Pb I3Perovskite Solar Cells through Interfacial Engineering Using SelfAssembling Monolayer[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2015,137(7):2674-2679.
[21]Li Y,Zhao Y,Q.Chen,et al.Multifunctional fullerene derivative for interface engineering in perovskite solar cells[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2015,137(49):15540-15547.
[22]Xie L Q,Chen L,Nan Z A,et al.Understanding the cubic phase stabilization and crystallization kinetics in mixed cations and halides perovskitesingle crystals[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2017,139(9):3320-3323.
[23]Yang M,Zhang T,Schulz P,et al.Facile fabrication of large-grain CH3NH3Pb I3-x Brx films for high-efficiency solar cells via CH3NH3Brselective Ostwald ripening[J].Nature Communication,2016,7:12305.
[24]Liu J,Gao C,He X,et al.Improved Crystallization of Perovskite Films by Optimized Solvent Annealing for High Efficiency Solar Cell[J].ACSApplied Materials Interfaces,2015,7(43):24008-24015.
[25]Zhu L,Shi J,Lv S,et al.Temperature-assisted controlling morphology and charge transport property for highly efficient perovskite solar cells[J].Nano Energy,2015,15:540-548.
[26]Shao Y,Xiao Z,Bi C,et al.Origin and elimination of photocurrent hysteresis by fullerene passivation in CH3NH3Pb I3planar heterojunction solar cells[J].Nature Communications,2014,5:5784.
[27]Qiu W,Merckx T,Jaysankar M,et al.Pinhole-free perovskite films for efficient solar modules[J].Energy Environmental Science,2016,9(2):484-489.
[28]Qin P,Tanaka S,Ito S,et al.Inorganic hole conductor-based lead halide perovskite solar cells with 12.4%conversion efficiency[J].Nature Communications,2014,5: