我国老年照护服务供给模式的变迁与选择
|
摘要
人口结构和家庭结构转变使得非正式照料难以满足老年人的照护需求,推动老年照护服务供给主体多元化已经成为我国老年照护服务供给模式发展的新方向。通过梳理相关政策,总结出我国老年照护服务发展的三大趋势——概念从无到有,制度从依附走向独立,供给模式由家庭和政府主导走向多元化主体供给。基于萨瓦斯的民营化理论,可将老年照护服务供给模式划分为公营型、公私合作型和私营型三大类型,具体又可以分为政府服务、合同承包、政府补助、自由市场等模式。通过对几种主要供给模式进行比较,建议构建老年照护服务供给伙伴关系,各方明确职能和责任,提供多层次服务,政府在公私合作模式中需要扮演好自己的角色。
Transformations of the population structure and family structure make it difficult for informal care supply to meet the demands of the elderly,which makes diversification of care-providing a new direction of the elderly care supply mode in China.This paper reviewed relevant policies and summarized three trends of elderly care development in China:relative concepts gradually come into existence,relevant systems become independent,and care-providing is now characterized by diversification instead of being dominated by families and governments.Based on Savas' theory of privatization,the supply mode of elderly care services can be divided into three categories:public,public-private partnership,and private,and can then be subdivided into government service,contracting,government subsidizing,and free market.Through comparing the above—mentioned supply modes,we suggest that a care-providing partnership be established,in which all parties have clear functions and responsibilities in providing multi-tier services and the government should play its appropriate role.
Transformations of the population structure and family structure make it difficult for informal care supply to meet the demands of the elderly,which makes diversification of care-providing a new direction of the elderly care supply mode in China.This paper reviewed relevant policies and summarized three trends of elderly care development in China:relative concepts gradually come into existence,relevant systems become independent,and care-providing is now characterized by diversification instead of being dominated by families and governments.Based on Savas' theory of privatization,the supply mode of elderly care services can be divided into three categories:public,public-private partnership,and private,and can then be subdivided into government service,contracting,government subsidizing,and free market.Through comparing the above—mentioned supply modes,we suggest that a care-providing partnership be established,in which all parties have clear functions and responsibilities in providing multi-tier services and the government should play its appropriate role.
引文
陈静.对老年社会福利供给中市场作用的探讨[J].青海社会科学,2014(6):96-101.
党俊武.长期照护服务体系是应对未来失能老年人危机的根本出路[J].人口与发展,2009,15(4).
雷咸胜.中国长期照护服务供给体系及其PPP取向[J].老龄科学研究,2017,5(7):12-21.
林艳,党俊武,裴晓梅,等.为什么要在中国构建长期照护服务体系?[J].人口与发展,2009,15(4):52-64.
刘苓玲.老年社会保障制度变迁与路径选择[M].北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社,2009.
刘伟.养老机构的现状及问题分析:以南宁市社会福利院老年部为例[J].管理观察,2009(29).
马威,高媛.目前我国小城镇社会福利院存在问题及对策研究:以中原地区小城镇为例[J].乡镇经济,2005(11):20-23.
萨瓦斯E S.民营化与公私部门的伙伴关系[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002.
杨团.公办民营与民办公助:加速老年人服务机构建设的政策分析[J].人文杂志,2011(6):124-135.
杨团.以家庭为本、社区服务为基础的长期照护政策探索[J].学习与实践,2014(6):82-91.
杨团.中国长期照护的政策选择[J].中国社会科学,2016(11):87-110.
尹尚菁,杜鹏.老年人长期照护需求现状及趋势研究[J].人口学刊,2012(2):49-56.
张立龙.福利国家长期照护制度及对中国的启示[J].社会保障研究,2015(6):100-108.
张盈华.老年长期照护的风险属性与政府职能定位:国际的经验[J].西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2012.42(5):40-46.
赵娅薇.我国城市机构养老问题的发展现状与优化路径探索:以南京市社会福利院为例[J].东方企业文化,2015(21).
郑雄飞.一种伙伴关系的建构:我国老年人长期照护问题研究[J].华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2012,44(3):141-148+162.
党俊武.长期照护服务体系是应对未来失能老年人危机的根本出路[J].人口与发展,2009,15(4).
雷咸胜.中国长期照护服务供给体系及其PPP取向[J].老龄科学研究,2017,5(7):12-21.
林艳,党俊武,裴晓梅,等.为什么要在中国构建长期照护服务体系?[J].人口与发展,2009,15(4):52-64.
刘苓玲.老年社会保障制度变迁与路径选择[M].北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社,2009.
刘伟.养老机构的现状及问题分析:以南宁市社会福利院老年部为例[J].管理观察,2009(29).
马威,高媛.目前我国小城镇社会福利院存在问题及对策研究:以中原地区小城镇为例[J].乡镇经济,2005(11):20-23.
萨瓦斯E S.民营化与公私部门的伙伴关系[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002.
杨团.公办民营与民办公助:加速老年人服务机构建设的政策分析[J].人文杂志,2011(6):124-135.
杨团.以家庭为本、社区服务为基础的长期照护政策探索[J].学习与实践,2014(6):82-91.
杨团.中国长期照护的政策选择[J].中国社会科学,2016(11):87-110.
尹尚菁,杜鹏.老年人长期照护需求现状及趋势研究[J].人口学刊,2012(2):49-56.
张立龙.福利国家长期照护制度及对中国的启示[J].社会保障研究,2015(6):100-108.
张盈华.老年长期照护的风险属性与政府职能定位:国际的经验[J].西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2012.42(5):40-46.
赵娅薇.我国城市机构养老问题的发展现状与优化路径探索:以南京市社会福利院为例[J].东方企业文化,2015(21).
郑雄飞.一种伙伴关系的建构:我国老年人长期照护问题研究[J].华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2012,44(3):141-148+162.