谁在为中国中小学生的健康守门?——中小学校医室人员的现状、功能定位及发展方向
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摘要
目的:通过研究了解目前中小学校医室人员的现状及功能定位,分析当前健康服务能否满足需求,并就中小学校医室的发展方向提出建议。方法:采用分层抽样方法选择6省18县的中小学校,采取网络问卷和现场访谈结合的调研方式获取数据资料,结合定量与定性研究方法进行描述分析。结果:中小学校医室人员以大学本科及以上学历为主,但多为兼职。工作内容以健康教育、传染病预防、急救为主,在心理咨询、学生健康体质监测方面较为缺乏。未来校医室的发展依赖教育部门与卫生部门的多方合作、校医室及其人员功能的明确定位、校医队伍的培训及发展途径的改善。
Objective: To understand the current situation and function orientation of health and clinical staff,analyze whether the current health services can meet the needs, and propose suggestions on the future development direction of health and clinical staff in primary and secondary schools in China. Methods : The stratified sampling method is used to select primary and secondary schools in 18 counties of 6 provinces in China. Online questionnaires and on-site interviews are used to obtain data, and both the quantitative and qualitative research methods are used to describe and analyze the data. Results : Health and clinical staff in primary and secondary schools are mainly undergraduate or higher, but most of them are part-time. Their daily tasks mainly include delivering basic health courses,providing infectious disease prevention courses, and giving first aid, and there is a lack of psychological counseling and physical fitness monitoring. Thus, the future development of school's health and clinical staff relies on the multiparty cooperation between education department and health department,the clear positioning of school clinics and the availability and improvement of trainings s provided to school medical personnel.
Objective: To understand the current situation and function orientation of health and clinical staff,analyze whether the current health services can meet the needs, and propose suggestions on the future development direction of health and clinical staff in primary and secondary schools in China. Methods : The stratified sampling method is used to select primary and secondary schools in 18 counties of 6 provinces in China. Online questionnaires and on-site interviews are used to obtain data, and both the quantitative and qualitative research methods are used to describe and analyze the data. Results : Health and clinical staff in primary and secondary schools are mainly undergraduate or higher, but most of them are part-time. Their daily tasks mainly include delivering basic health courses,providing infectious disease prevention courses, and giving first aid, and there is a lack of psychological counseling and physical fitness monitoring. Thus, the future development of school's health and clinical staff relies on the multiparty cooperation between education department and health department,the clear positioning of school clinics and the availability and improvement of trainings s provided to school medical personnel.
引文
[1]马迎华,胡方,吕晓静.中小学学校卫生专业人员配备标准分析[J].中国学校卫生,2011,32(7):771-773.
[2]史慧静,谭晖,李广,等.上海市中小学校卫生保健人员队伍现状和专业培养需求[J].中国学校卫生,2015(12):1771-1774.
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[4]孙波,李忠典,钱忠,等.江苏省东海县中小学校医和保健教师配备情况及其工作现状[J].职业与健康,2012(9):1020, 1153.
[5]肖利敏,陶芳标,陈钦,等.安徽省农村寄宿制学校学生抑郁焦虑症状及其影响因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2008, 29(9):785-787.
[6]高屹,张瑞凯.北京市不同发育阶段中小学生心理健康状况分析[J].中国学校卫生,2011,32(4):486487.
[7] Zhang X, et al., Prevalence and care index of early childhood caries in mainland China:evidence from epidemiological surveys during 1987-2013[J]. Sci Rep, 2016(6):18897.
[8] Lasse K, Leena T, Paakkari, et al. Measuring child and adolescent health literacy:a systematic review of literature[J]. Health Education, 2013, 113(5):433-455.
[2]史慧静,谭晖,李广,等.上海市中小学校卫生保健人员队伍现状和专业培养需求[J].中国学校卫生,2015(12):1771-1774.
[3]杜国平,李伟,唐万琴,等.苏北、苏中、苏南2235所中小学卫生保健工作现况的调查.[J].东南大学学报(医学版),2012(2):150-154.
[4]孙波,李忠典,钱忠,等.江苏省东海县中小学校医和保健教师配备情况及其工作现状[J].职业与健康,2012(9):1020, 1153.
[5]肖利敏,陶芳标,陈钦,等.安徽省农村寄宿制学校学生抑郁焦虑症状及其影响因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2008, 29(9):785-787.
[6]高屹,张瑞凯.北京市不同发育阶段中小学生心理健康状况分析[J].中国学校卫生,2011,32(4):486487.
[7] Zhang X, et al., Prevalence and care index of early childhood caries in mainland China:evidence from epidemiological surveys during 1987-2013[J]. Sci Rep, 2016(6):18897.
[8] Lasse K, Leena T, Paakkari, et al. Measuring child and adolescent health literacy:a systematic review of literature[J]. Health Education, 2013, 113(5):433-455.