来华留学生危机事件诱因与防范管理策略研究——以重庆九所高校为例
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摘要
本研究对重庆九所高校抽样的433名留学生实施问卷调查,辅以观察法、访谈法、文献法等进行资料梳理和数据分析。结果显示,超过半数的留学生拥有"文化诉求心理、跨国生活追求、经济衡量标准"三类来华留学初衷,以"文化诉求心理"最为突出;留学生生活学习压力以"活动参与及经济承受压力"最为突出,环境适应、日常交往、应对学业、文化融合、生活自理压力依次紧随。基于调研结果将诱因归纳为四个方面:来华理想与现实间存在落差感;日常生活存在孤独感;经济、学业、文化融合存在窘迫感;人身财产信仰存在无助感。本研究提出四项防范管理策略:新生入学教育普及化、生活学业及心理帮扶常态化、融入意识归属感培养日常化、管理统筹及教育教学专业化。
This paper investigates the incentive of crisis related to international students in China, so as to explore the effective prevention management strategies. Questionnaire survey was carried out from 433 students samples selected randomly in nine Chongqing colleges and universities, supplemented by observation, interviews, literature and database, etc. Data analysis results show that the initial expectation of coming to study in China of more than half of the total samples are cultural interest mindset, cross-border pursuit of life and economic measures. Amongst the cultural aspirations psychology is most prominent. The most prominent pressure to international students is active participation and economic pressure. We identified four incentives for crises which are gaps between the ideal and the real sense, loneliness, sense of distress caused by helplessness in finance, employment and culture. Combined with our own practice, we put forward four prevention management strategies which are popularizing freshmen education, ongoing academic life and psychological help, daily cultivation of integrating consciousness and sense of belonging, as well as coordination of management professional teaching.
This paper investigates the incentive of crisis related to international students in China, so as to explore the effective prevention management strategies. Questionnaire survey was carried out from 433 students samples selected randomly in nine Chongqing colleges and universities, supplemented by observation, interviews, literature and database, etc. Data analysis results show that the initial expectation of coming to study in China of more than half of the total samples are cultural interest mindset, cross-border pursuit of life and economic measures. Amongst the cultural aspirations psychology is most prominent. The most prominent pressure to international students is active participation and economic pressure. We identified four incentives for crises which are gaps between the ideal and the real sense, loneliness, sense of distress caused by helplessness in finance, employment and culture. Combined with our own practice, we put forward four prevention management strategies which are popularizing freshmen education, ongoing academic life and psychological help, daily cultivation of integrating consciousness and sense of belonging, as well as coordination of management professional teaching.
引文
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[2]Cross,AB;Mulvey,EP;Schubert,CA.et al.An Agenda for Advancing Research on Crisis Intervention Teams for Mental Health Emergencies[J].Psychiatric Services,2014,65(4):530-536.
[3]Bauer R L,Chesin M S,Jeglic E L.Depression,Delinquency,and Suicidal Behaviors Among College Students[J].Crisis:Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention,2014,35(1):36-41.
[4]潘晓青.美国在华留学生跨文化人际适应质性研究[J].比较教育研究,2014(8):74-81.
[5]Taylor J V,Gibson D M.Crisis on Campus:Eating Disorder Intervention from a Developmental-Ecological Perspective[J].Journal of American College Health J of Ach,2016,64(3):251-255.
[6]Sen S;Pal D;Hazra S.et al.Spiritual Health of Students in Government Medical Colleges of Kolkata and Their Coping Skills in a Crisis Situation[J].Indian J Public Health,2015,59(3):196-203.
[7]Schwartz V;Kay J.The Crisis in College and University Mental Health[J].Psychiatric Times,2009,26(10):32-34.
[8]Wiesen FE,Lischer DK.College Crisis Intervention:an Initiative to Develop Regional Campus Critical Incident Stress Management Teams[J].International Journal of Emergency Mental Health,2006,8(3):183-187.
[9]Michael L,Sulkowski.The Student Homelessness Crisis and the Role of School Psychology:Missed Opportunities,Room for Improvement,and Future Directions[J].Psychology in the Schools,2016,53(7):760-771.
[10]Schofield D J,Meachem S,West C,et al.A Crisis in the Making?Education,Ageing Populations and the Future of the Medical Research Workforce[J].Medical Education,2011,45(2):200-207.
[11]Tracy C.Michael Gove on the Future of Vocational Education[J],Education Journal,2014(193):7.
[12]Rodriguez RB.Review of"Campus Crisis Management:A Comprehensive Guide to Planning,Prevention,Response,and Recovery"[J].Journal of Student Affairs Research&Practice,2008,45(1):168-172.