下肢深静脉血栓形成介入治疗规范的专家共识(第2版)
|
摘要
基于第1版专家共识,对介入治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)所涉及的抗凝、经导管接触性溶栓治疗(CDT)、经皮机械性血栓清除术(PMT)、经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)及支架植入术的适应证和禁忌证,以及各种介入技术的操作步骤、注意事项、围手术期处理和并发症防治等,进行更新、补充、修订。再次强调重视急性期和亚急性期DVT介入治疗,以降低血栓后综合征(PTS)发生率。
Based on the first edition of the expert consensus, the indications and contraindications of interventional treatment methods for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis(DVT), including anticoagulant,catheter-direct thrombolysis(CDT), percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy(PMT), percutaneous transluminal angioplasty(PTA) and stent implantation, as well as the operational steps of various interventional techniques, the matters needing attention, the perioperative management and the prevention of complications, etc., have been updated, supplemented and revised in this second edition. Emphasis is placed on the interventional treatment of acute and subacute DVT in order to effectively reduce the incidence of post-thrombosis syndrome. It is reemphasized that in order to effectively reduce the incidence of post-thrombosis syndrome(PTS) enough attention should be paid to prompt interventional therapy for acute and subacute DVT.
Based on the first edition of the expert consensus, the indications and contraindications of interventional treatment methods for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis(DVT), including anticoagulant,catheter-direct thrombolysis(CDT), percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy(PMT), percutaneous transluminal angioplasty(PTA) and stent implantation, as well as the operational steps of various interventional techniques, the matters needing attention, the perioperative management and the prevention of complications, etc., have been updated, supplemented and revised in this second edition. Emphasis is placed on the interventional treatment of acute and subacute DVT in order to effectively reduce the incidence of post-thrombosis syndrome. It is reemphasized that in order to effectively reduce the incidence of post-thrombosis syndrome(PTS) enough attention should be paid to prompt interventional therapy for acute and subacute DVT.
引文
[1]王乐民,魏林.肺栓塞与深静脉血栓形成[M].北京:人民卫生出版社, 2007:111-114.
[2]张福先,王深明.静脉血栓栓塞症诊断与治疗[M].北京:人民卫生出版社, 2013:1-8.
[3] Kahn SR, Comerota AJ, Cushman M, et al. The postthrombotic syndrome:evidence-based prevention, diagnosis,and treatment strategies[J]. Circulation, 2014, 130:1636-1661.
[4] Brandjes DP, Büller HR, Heijboer H, et al. Randomised trial of effect of compression stockings in patients with symptomatic proximal-vein thrombosis[J]. Lancet, 1997, 349:759-762.
[5]庄乃君,陈国平,顾建平,等.急性下肢深静脉血栓形成解剖分布与抗凝,溶栓及介入治疗的疗效比较[J].中华放射学杂志, 2011, 45:1194-1198.
[6]汪忠镐,张建,谷涌泉.实用血管外科与血管介入治疗学[M].北京:人民军医出版社, 2004:320-329.
[7] Sniderman KW, Bodner L, Saddekni S, et al. Percutaneous embolectomy by transcatheter aspiration-work in progress[J].Radiology, 1984, 150:357-361.
[8]徐克,张曦彤.下肢深静脉血栓介入治疗的现状与问题[J].中华放射学杂志, 2009, 43:212-213.
[9]顾建平,范春瑛,何旭,等.下肢深静脉血栓形成的综合性介入治疗[J].介入放射学杂志, 2000, 9:206-209.
[10] Smalberg J, Spaander M, Jie K, et al. Risks and benefits of transcatheter thrombolytic therapy in patients with splanchnic venous thrombosis[J]. Thromb Haemost, 2008, 100:1084-1088.
[11] Trabal JL, Comerota AJ, Laporte FB, et al. The quantitative benefit of isolated, segmental, pharmacomechanical thrombolysis(ISPMT)for iliofemoral venous thrombosis[J]. J Vasc Surg,2008, 48:1532-1537.
[12] Kim HS, Preece SR, Black JH, et al. Safety of catheter-directed thrombolysis for deep venous thrombosis in cancer patients[J]. J Vasc Surg, 2008, 47:388-394.
[13] Bush RL, Lin PH, Bates JT, et al. Pharmacomechanical thrombectomy for treatment of symptomatic lower extremity deep venous thrombosis:safety and feasibility study[J]. J Vasc Surg,2004, 40:965-970.
[14]曹满瑞,窦永充,陈晓明,等.临时滤器保护下深静脉血栓的介入治疗[J].中华放射学杂志, 2004, 38:397-401.
[15] Gasparis AP, Labropoulos N, Tassiopoulos AK, et al. Midterm follow-up after pharmacomechanical thrombolysis for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis[J]. Vasc Endovascular Surg,2009, 43:61-68.
[16] Mewissen MW, Seabrook GR, Meissner MH, et al. Catheterdirected thrombolysis for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis:report of a national multicenter registry[J]. Radiology, 1999, 211:39-49.
[17] Wells P, Forgie M, Rodger M. Treatment of venous thromboembolism[J]. JAMA, 2014, 311:717-728.
[18] Narayan A, Eng J, Carmi L, et al. Iliac vein compression as risk factor for left-versus right-sided deep venous thrombosis:casecontrol study[J]. Radiology, 2012, 265:949-957.
[19]朱桥华,周成宇,陈勇,等.髂静脉受压综合征并发急性节段性髂股静脉血栓的血管腔内治疗[J].中华放射学杂志,2014, 48:848-852.
[20]中华医学会外科学分会血管外科学组.深静脉血栓形成的诊断和治疗指南(第三版)[J].中华普通外科杂志, 2017, 32:807-812.
[21]中华医学会放射学分会介入学组.下肢深静脉血栓形成介入治疗规范的专家共识[J].中华放射学杂志, 2011, 45:293-296.
[22]中华医学会放射学分会介入学组.下肢深静脉血栓形成介入治疗规范的专家共识[J].介入放射学杂志, 2011, 20:505-510.
[23] Gogalniceanu P, Johnston CJ, Khalid U, et al. Indications for thrombolysis in deep venous thrombosis[J]. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2009, 38:192-198.
[24] Vedantham S, Goldhaber SZ, Julian JA, et al. Pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis for deep-vein thrombosis[J]. N Engl J Med, 2017, 377:2240-2252.
[25]李麟荪,贺能树,邹英华.介入放射学:基础与方法[M].北京:人民卫生出版社, 2005:376-386.
[26]顾建平,何旭,陈亮,等. Amplatz血栓消融器的临床应用[J].中华放射学杂志, 2003, 37:727-731.
[27] Garcia MJ, Lookstein R, Malhotra R, et al. Endovascular management of deep vein thrombosis with rheolytic thrombectomy:final report of the prospective multicenter PEARL(Peripheral Use of AngioJet Rheolytic Thrombectomy with a Variety of Catheter Iengths)registry[J]. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2015, 26:777-785.
[28]徐克,邹英华,欧阳墉.管腔内支架治疗学[M].北京:科学出版社, 2004:398-405.
[29]顾建平,楼文胜,何旭,等.髂静脉受压综合征及继发血栓形成的介入治疗[J].中华放射学杂志, 2008, 42:821-825.
[30]楼文胜,顾建平,何旭,等.髂静脉受压综合征与单侧下肢肿胀[J].介入放射学杂志, 2008, 17:22-25.
[31] Mahnken AH, Thomson K, de Haan M, et al. CIRSE standards of practice guidelines on iliocaval stenting[J]. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2014, 37:889-897.
[32]李晓强,周为民,聂中林,等.左髂静脉受压综合征的介入治疗[J].中华放射学杂志, 2002, 36:272-275.
[33] Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger M, et al. Evaluation of D-dimer in the diagnosis of suspected deep-vein thrombosis[J].N Engl J Med, 2003, 349:1227-1235.
[34] Carrier M, Le Gal G, Bates SM, et al. D-dimer testing is useful to exclude deep vein thrombosis in elderly outpatients[J]. J Thromb Haemost, 2008, 6:1072-1076.
[35]李燕,陈婷婷,尹媛媛,等.下肢深静脉血栓溶栓治疗中两种气囊压力带辅助应用的对照研究[J].介入放射学杂志,2017, 26:1042-1045.
[36]李燕,陈宇辰,郑乃霞,等.下肢深静脉溶栓采用血压计止血带浅静脉血流阻断效果比较[J].护理学杂志, 2017, 32:37-39.
[37]夏爽,祁吉,雷新玮,等. 16层螺旋CT对肺动脉栓塞及下肢静脉血栓行联合成像的技术优势[J].中华放射学杂志,2004, 38:1164-1168.
[38]朱力,郭佑民,王建国,等.间接下肢CT静脉成像对下肢深静脉血栓的诊断价值[J].中华放射学杂志, 2009, 43:948-952.
[39]王书智,沈莉,顾建平,等. CT血管成像对髂静脉受压综合征及继发血栓形成的诊断价值[J].中华放射学杂志, 2009,43:1156-1159.
[40] Shi WY, Wang LW, Wang SJ, et al. Combined direct and indirect CT venography(combined CTV)in detecting lower extremity deep vein thrombosis[J]. Medicine(Baltimore), 2016,95:e3010.
[41]杨春霞,王书智,吴刚,等. CT血管成像在诊断下肢深静脉血栓形成机械性阻塞原因中的作用[J].中华放射学杂志,2015, 49:610-614.
[42]赵力,郎志瑾,伍建林,等.多层螺旋CT在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用价值[J].中华放射学杂志, 2003, 37:307-310.
[43]富青,刘永华,雷子乔,等.双能量CT肺动脉联合间接下肢静脉造影对静脉栓塞症诊断的临床研究[J].中华放射学杂志, 2013, 47:39-43.
[44]夏巍,吴晶涛,尹肖睿,等.低管电压法与低管电流法在降低多层螺旋CT下肢静脉成像辐射剂量中的对比研究[J].中华放射学杂志, 2013, 47:368-370.
[45]王杏娟,任小璐,王雪梅,等.能谱CT单能量成像在提高下肢CT静脉成像质量中的价值[J].中华放射学杂志, 2013,47:563-565.
[46]冯敏,王书智,顾建平,等. MR血管成像在诊断下肢深静脉血栓形成中的价值并与DSA对照研究[J].中华放射学杂志, 2007, 41:1193-1195.
[47]蒋涛,邱传亚,姜铧.肺动脉栓塞症及盆腔和下肢深静脉血栓的MR血管成像诊断初探[J].中华放射学杂志, 2004,38:868-872.
[48] Comerota AJ, Sandset PM, Konstantinides S, et al. Theme 4:invasive management of(recurrent)VTE and PTS[J]. Thromb Res, 2015, 136(Suppl 1):S19-S25.
[49] Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease:CHEST guideline and expert panel report[J].Chest, 2016, 149:315-352.
[50] Andreozzi GM, Bignamini AA, Davi G, et al. Sulodexide for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism:the sulodexide in secondary prevention of recurrent deep vein thrombosis(SURVET)study:a multicenter, randomized, double-blind,placebo-controlled trial[J]. Circulation, 2015, 132:1891-1897.
[51] Schulman S, Kakkar AK, Goldhaber SZ, et al. Treatment of acute venous thromboembolism with dabigatran or warfarin and pooled analysis[J]. Circulation, 2014, 129:764-772.
[52] Bauersachs R, Berkowitz SD, Brenner BA, et al. Oral rivaroxaban for symptomatic venous thromboembolism[J]. N Engl J Med,2010, 363:2499-2510.
[53] Arepally GM. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia[J]. Blood,2017, 129:2864-2872.
[54] Krauel K, Hackbarth C, Fuerll B, et al. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia:in vitro studies on the interaction of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and low-sulfated heparin, with platelet factor 4 and anti-PF4/heparin antibodies[J]. Blood, 2012, 119:1248-1255.
[55] Lewis BE, Wallis DE, Berkowitz SD, et al. Argatroban anticoagulant therapy in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia[J]. Circulation, 2001, 103:1838-1843.
[56]胡蓝月,楼文胜,顾建平,等.产后下肢深静脉血栓介入治疗后即刻疗效与长期预后分析[J].中华放射学杂志, 2015, 49:386-390.
[57] Watson HG, Keeling DM, Laffan M, et al. Guideline on aspects of cancer-related venous thrombosis[J]. Br J Haematol, 2015,170:640-648.
[58] Napolitano M, Saccullo G, Malato A, et al. Optimal duration of low molecular weight heparin for the treatment of cancer-related deep vein thrombosis:the Cancer-DACUS study[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2014, 32:3607-3612.
[59]中华医学会放射学分会介入学组.下腔静脉滤器置入术和取出术规范的专家共识[J].中华放射学杂志, 2011, 45:297-300.
[60] Enden T, Sandvik L, Klow NE, et al. Catheter-directed venous thrombolysis in acute iliofemoral vein thrombosis:the CaVenT study:rationale and design of a multicenter, randomized,controlled, clinical trial(NCT00251771)[J]. Am Heart J, 2007,154:808-814.
[61] Hofmann LV, Kuo WT. Catheter-directed thrombolysis for acute DVT[J]. Lancet, 2012, 379:3-4.
[62]陈国平,顾建平,何旭,等.低剂量尿激酶较长时间经导管直接溶栓术治疗急性髂-股静脉血栓形成的安全性和临床疗效[J].中华放射学杂志, 2012, 46:1119-1125.
[63] Chen G, Shi W, He X, et al. Feasibility of continuous,catheter-directed thrombolysis using low-dose urokinase in combination with low molecular-weight heparin for acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis in patients at risk of bleeding[J]. Exp Ther Med, 2017, 13:751-758.
[64]褚永新,秦锋,张雷,等.不同入路置管溶栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成[J].中华普通外科杂志, 2017, 32:228-231.
[65]顾建平,何旭,楼文胜,等.经腘静脉穿刺介入治疗髂股静脉阻塞[J].中华放射学杂志, 2005, 39:921-924.
[66]苏浩波,顾建平,楼文胜,等.两种顺行置管方式溶栓治疗急性髂股静脉血栓的对照研究[J].介入放射学杂志, 2008, 17:15-18.
[67]苏浩波,顾建平,楼文胜,等.经患侧大隐静脉入路置管溶栓治疗急性髂股静脉血栓的临床对比研究[J].中华放射学杂志, 2011, 45:1185-1189.
[68]唐郁宽,陈汉威,陈勇,等.顺行插管综合介入治疗下肢深静脉慢性血栓形成[J].中华放射学杂志, 2003, 37:33-36.
[69]徐克,冯博,苏洪英,等.经颈静脉髂-股静脉血栓清除术的临床应用[J].中华放射学杂志, 2001, 35:768-771.
[70]陈国平,顾建平,何旭,等.顺行与逆行插管途径介入治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成的疗效比较[J].中华医学杂志,2017, 97:353-358.
[71]楼文胜,顾建平,范春瑛,等.下肢深静脉血栓的经动脉溶栓治疗[J].放射学实践, 2002, 17:225-227.
[72] Karthikesalingam A, Young EL, Hinchliffe RJ, et al. A systematic review of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis[J]. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2011, 41:554-565.
[73]宋进华,何旭,楼文胜,等.急性髂股静脉血栓治疗中AngioJet机械性血栓清除装置初步应用结果[J].中华放射学杂志, 2015, 49:758-762.
[74]曾庆乐,李彦豪,陈勇,等.双导丝技术辅助静脉血栓吸除术治疗髂股静脉血栓[J].中华放射学杂志, 2008, 42:99-101.
[75] Mickley V, Schwagierek R, Rilinger N, et al. Left iliac venous thrombosis caused by venous spur:treatment with thrombectomy and stent implantation[J]. J Vasc Surg, 1998, 28:492-497.
[76] Vedantham S, Vesely TM, Sicard GA, et al. Pharmacomechanical thrombolysis and early stent placement for iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis[J]. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2004, 15:565-574.
[77] O'sullivan GJ, Semba CP, Bittner CA, et al. Endovascular management of iliac vein compression(May-Thurner)syndrome[J]. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2000, 11:823-836.
[78] Shi WY, Hu LY, Wu S, et al. Two swine models of iliac vein occlusion:which form most contributes to venous thrombosis?[J]. Thromb Res, 2015, 135:1172-1178.
[79] Shi WY, Wu S, Hu LY, et al. Swine model of thrombotic caval occlusion created by autologous thrombus injection with assistance of intra-caval net knitting[J]. Sci Rep, 2015, 5:18546.
[80]公茂峰,陈国平,顾建平.下肢深静脉血栓形成的溶栓治疗现状与尿激酶,阿替普酶的临床应用[J].中华介入放射学电子杂志, 2017, 5:282-287.
[81] Grunwald MR, Hofmann LV. Comparison of urokinase, alteplase,and reteplase for catheter-directed thrombolysis of deep venous thrombosis[J]. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2004, 15:347-352.
[82]公茂峰,顾建平,陈国平,等.经导管介入治疗亚急性髂-股静脉血栓形成:尿激酶与阿替普酶溶栓即刻疗效比较[J].中华放射学杂志, 2018, 52:51-57.
[83]李智,倪才方,金泳海,等.球囊扩张辅助经导管直接溶栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓[J].中华放射学杂志, 2012, 46:561-566.
[84] Lou WS, Gu JP, He X, et al. Endovascular treatment for iliac vein compression syndrome:a comparison between the presence and absence of secondary thrombosis[J]. Korean J Radiol, 2009,10:135-143.
[85] Musani MH, Matta F, Yaekoub AY, et al. Venous compression for prevention of postthrombotic syndrome:a meta-analysis[J].Am J Med, 2010, 123:735-740.
[86] Hull RD, Raskob GE, Gent M, et al. Effectiveness of intermittent pneumatic leg compression for preventing deep vein thrombosis after total hip replacement[J]. JAMA, 1990, 263:2313-2317.
[87] Ten Cate-Hoek AJ, Amin EE, Bouman AC, et al. Individualised versus standard duration of elastic compression therapy for prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome(IDEAL DVT):a multicentre, randomised, single-blind, allocation-concealed,non-inferiority trial[J]. Lancet Haematol, 2018, 5:e25-e33.
[88] Dennis M, Sandercock P, Reid J, et al. Effectiveness of intermittent pneumatic compression in reduction of risk of deep vein thrombosis in patients who have had a stroke(CLOTS 3):a multicentre randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet, 2013, 382:516-524.
[89] Savader SJ, Trerotola SO. Venous interventional radiology with clinical perspectives, 2nd ed[M]. New York:Thieme, 2000:458-466.
[90] Frisoli JK, Sze D. Mechanical thrombectomy for the treatment of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis[J]. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol, 2003, 6:49-52.
[91] Sharafuddin MJ, Gu X, Han YM, et al. Injury potential to venous valves from the amplatz thrombectomy device[J]. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 1999, 10:64-69.
[92]苏浩波,楼文胜,顾建平,等.急性下肢深静脉血栓形成合并Ⅱ型肝素诱导血小板减少症的临床特征及介入综合治疗效果[J].中华放射学杂志, 2015, 49:380-385.
[93] Kurklinsky AK, Bjarnason H, Friese JL, et al. Outcomes of venoplasty with stent placement for chronic thrombosis of the ilic and femoral veins:single-center experience[J]. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2012, 23:1009-1015.
[94] Rosales A, Sandbaek G, Jorgensen JJ. Stenting for chronic postthrombotic vena cava and lliofemoral venous occlusions:midterm patency and clinical outcome[J]. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2010, 40:234-240.
[95] Haig Y, Enden T, Grotta O, et al. Post-thrombotic syndrome after catheter-directed thrombolysis for deep vein thrombosis(CaVenT):5-year follow-up results of an open-label, randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet Haematol, 2016, 3:E64-E71.
[96]鲍姆. Abrams介入放射学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2010:1012-1021.
[97] Shi WY, Gu JP, Liu CJ, et al. Endovascular treatment for iliac vein compression syndrome with or without lower extremity deep vein thrombosis:a retrospective study on mid-term in-stent patency from a single center[J]. Eur J Radiol, 2016, 85:7-14.
[98] Klitfod L, Just S, Foegh P, et al. Excellent long-term results with iliac stenting in local anesthesia for post-thrombotic syndrome[J]. Acta Radiol Open, 2015, 4:2058460115592164.
[99]顾建平,何旭,楼文胜,等.介入治疗576例下肢深静脉血栓形成[J].南京医科大学学报, 2006, 26:1261-1264.
[2]张福先,王深明.静脉血栓栓塞症诊断与治疗[M].北京:人民卫生出版社, 2013:1-8.
[3] Kahn SR, Comerota AJ, Cushman M, et al. The postthrombotic syndrome:evidence-based prevention, diagnosis,and treatment strategies[J]. Circulation, 2014, 130:1636-1661.
[4] Brandjes DP, Büller HR, Heijboer H, et al. Randomised trial of effect of compression stockings in patients with symptomatic proximal-vein thrombosis[J]. Lancet, 1997, 349:759-762.
[5]庄乃君,陈国平,顾建平,等.急性下肢深静脉血栓形成解剖分布与抗凝,溶栓及介入治疗的疗效比较[J].中华放射学杂志, 2011, 45:1194-1198.
[6]汪忠镐,张建,谷涌泉.实用血管外科与血管介入治疗学[M].北京:人民军医出版社, 2004:320-329.
[7] Sniderman KW, Bodner L, Saddekni S, et al. Percutaneous embolectomy by transcatheter aspiration-work in progress[J].Radiology, 1984, 150:357-361.
[8]徐克,张曦彤.下肢深静脉血栓介入治疗的现状与问题[J].中华放射学杂志, 2009, 43:212-213.
[9]顾建平,范春瑛,何旭,等.下肢深静脉血栓形成的综合性介入治疗[J].介入放射学杂志, 2000, 9:206-209.
[10] Smalberg J, Spaander M, Jie K, et al. Risks and benefits of transcatheter thrombolytic therapy in patients with splanchnic venous thrombosis[J]. Thromb Haemost, 2008, 100:1084-1088.
[11] Trabal JL, Comerota AJ, Laporte FB, et al. The quantitative benefit of isolated, segmental, pharmacomechanical thrombolysis(ISPMT)for iliofemoral venous thrombosis[J]. J Vasc Surg,2008, 48:1532-1537.
[12] Kim HS, Preece SR, Black JH, et al. Safety of catheter-directed thrombolysis for deep venous thrombosis in cancer patients[J]. J Vasc Surg, 2008, 47:388-394.
[13] Bush RL, Lin PH, Bates JT, et al. Pharmacomechanical thrombectomy for treatment of symptomatic lower extremity deep venous thrombosis:safety and feasibility study[J]. J Vasc Surg,2004, 40:965-970.
[14]曹满瑞,窦永充,陈晓明,等.临时滤器保护下深静脉血栓的介入治疗[J].中华放射学杂志, 2004, 38:397-401.
[15] Gasparis AP, Labropoulos N, Tassiopoulos AK, et al. Midterm follow-up after pharmacomechanical thrombolysis for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis[J]. Vasc Endovascular Surg,2009, 43:61-68.
[16] Mewissen MW, Seabrook GR, Meissner MH, et al. Catheterdirected thrombolysis for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis:report of a national multicenter registry[J]. Radiology, 1999, 211:39-49.
[17] Wells P, Forgie M, Rodger M. Treatment of venous thromboembolism[J]. JAMA, 2014, 311:717-728.
[18] Narayan A, Eng J, Carmi L, et al. Iliac vein compression as risk factor for left-versus right-sided deep venous thrombosis:casecontrol study[J]. Radiology, 2012, 265:949-957.
[19]朱桥华,周成宇,陈勇,等.髂静脉受压综合征并发急性节段性髂股静脉血栓的血管腔内治疗[J].中华放射学杂志,2014, 48:848-852.
[20]中华医学会外科学分会血管外科学组.深静脉血栓形成的诊断和治疗指南(第三版)[J].中华普通外科杂志, 2017, 32:807-812.
[21]中华医学会放射学分会介入学组.下肢深静脉血栓形成介入治疗规范的专家共识[J].中华放射学杂志, 2011, 45:293-296.
[22]中华医学会放射学分会介入学组.下肢深静脉血栓形成介入治疗规范的专家共识[J].介入放射学杂志, 2011, 20:505-510.
[23] Gogalniceanu P, Johnston CJ, Khalid U, et al. Indications for thrombolysis in deep venous thrombosis[J]. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2009, 38:192-198.
[24] Vedantham S, Goldhaber SZ, Julian JA, et al. Pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis for deep-vein thrombosis[J]. N Engl J Med, 2017, 377:2240-2252.
[25]李麟荪,贺能树,邹英华.介入放射学:基础与方法[M].北京:人民卫生出版社, 2005:376-386.
[26]顾建平,何旭,陈亮,等. Amplatz血栓消融器的临床应用[J].中华放射学杂志, 2003, 37:727-731.
[27] Garcia MJ, Lookstein R, Malhotra R, et al. Endovascular management of deep vein thrombosis with rheolytic thrombectomy:final report of the prospective multicenter PEARL(Peripheral Use of AngioJet Rheolytic Thrombectomy with a Variety of Catheter Iengths)registry[J]. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2015, 26:777-785.
[28]徐克,邹英华,欧阳墉.管腔内支架治疗学[M].北京:科学出版社, 2004:398-405.
[29]顾建平,楼文胜,何旭,等.髂静脉受压综合征及继发血栓形成的介入治疗[J].中华放射学杂志, 2008, 42:821-825.
[30]楼文胜,顾建平,何旭,等.髂静脉受压综合征与单侧下肢肿胀[J].介入放射学杂志, 2008, 17:22-25.
[31] Mahnken AH, Thomson K, de Haan M, et al. CIRSE standards of practice guidelines on iliocaval stenting[J]. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2014, 37:889-897.
[32]李晓强,周为民,聂中林,等.左髂静脉受压综合征的介入治疗[J].中华放射学杂志, 2002, 36:272-275.
[33] Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger M, et al. Evaluation of D-dimer in the diagnosis of suspected deep-vein thrombosis[J].N Engl J Med, 2003, 349:1227-1235.
[34] Carrier M, Le Gal G, Bates SM, et al. D-dimer testing is useful to exclude deep vein thrombosis in elderly outpatients[J]. J Thromb Haemost, 2008, 6:1072-1076.
[35]李燕,陈婷婷,尹媛媛,等.下肢深静脉血栓溶栓治疗中两种气囊压力带辅助应用的对照研究[J].介入放射学杂志,2017, 26:1042-1045.
[36]李燕,陈宇辰,郑乃霞,等.下肢深静脉溶栓采用血压计止血带浅静脉血流阻断效果比较[J].护理学杂志, 2017, 32:37-39.
[37]夏爽,祁吉,雷新玮,等. 16层螺旋CT对肺动脉栓塞及下肢静脉血栓行联合成像的技术优势[J].中华放射学杂志,2004, 38:1164-1168.
[38]朱力,郭佑民,王建国,等.间接下肢CT静脉成像对下肢深静脉血栓的诊断价值[J].中华放射学杂志, 2009, 43:948-952.
[39]王书智,沈莉,顾建平,等. CT血管成像对髂静脉受压综合征及继发血栓形成的诊断价值[J].中华放射学杂志, 2009,43:1156-1159.
[40] Shi WY, Wang LW, Wang SJ, et al. Combined direct and indirect CT venography(combined CTV)in detecting lower extremity deep vein thrombosis[J]. Medicine(Baltimore), 2016,95:e3010.
[41]杨春霞,王书智,吴刚,等. CT血管成像在诊断下肢深静脉血栓形成机械性阻塞原因中的作用[J].中华放射学杂志,2015, 49:610-614.
[42]赵力,郎志瑾,伍建林,等.多层螺旋CT在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用价值[J].中华放射学杂志, 2003, 37:307-310.
[43]富青,刘永华,雷子乔,等.双能量CT肺动脉联合间接下肢静脉造影对静脉栓塞症诊断的临床研究[J].中华放射学杂志, 2013, 47:39-43.
[44]夏巍,吴晶涛,尹肖睿,等.低管电压法与低管电流法在降低多层螺旋CT下肢静脉成像辐射剂量中的对比研究[J].中华放射学杂志, 2013, 47:368-370.
[45]王杏娟,任小璐,王雪梅,等.能谱CT单能量成像在提高下肢CT静脉成像质量中的价值[J].中华放射学杂志, 2013,47:563-565.
[46]冯敏,王书智,顾建平,等. MR血管成像在诊断下肢深静脉血栓形成中的价值并与DSA对照研究[J].中华放射学杂志, 2007, 41:1193-1195.
[47]蒋涛,邱传亚,姜铧.肺动脉栓塞症及盆腔和下肢深静脉血栓的MR血管成像诊断初探[J].中华放射学杂志, 2004,38:868-872.
[48] Comerota AJ, Sandset PM, Konstantinides S, et al. Theme 4:invasive management of(recurrent)VTE and PTS[J]. Thromb Res, 2015, 136(Suppl 1):S19-S25.
[49] Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease:CHEST guideline and expert panel report[J].Chest, 2016, 149:315-352.
[50] Andreozzi GM, Bignamini AA, Davi G, et al. Sulodexide for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism:the sulodexide in secondary prevention of recurrent deep vein thrombosis(SURVET)study:a multicenter, randomized, double-blind,placebo-controlled trial[J]. Circulation, 2015, 132:1891-1897.
[51] Schulman S, Kakkar AK, Goldhaber SZ, et al. Treatment of acute venous thromboembolism with dabigatran or warfarin and pooled analysis[J]. Circulation, 2014, 129:764-772.
[52] Bauersachs R, Berkowitz SD, Brenner BA, et al. Oral rivaroxaban for symptomatic venous thromboembolism[J]. N Engl J Med,2010, 363:2499-2510.
[53] Arepally GM. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia[J]. Blood,2017, 129:2864-2872.
[54] Krauel K, Hackbarth C, Fuerll B, et al. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia:in vitro studies on the interaction of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and low-sulfated heparin, with platelet factor 4 and anti-PF4/heparin antibodies[J]. Blood, 2012, 119:1248-1255.
[55] Lewis BE, Wallis DE, Berkowitz SD, et al. Argatroban anticoagulant therapy in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia[J]. Circulation, 2001, 103:1838-1843.
[56]胡蓝月,楼文胜,顾建平,等.产后下肢深静脉血栓介入治疗后即刻疗效与长期预后分析[J].中华放射学杂志, 2015, 49:386-390.
[57] Watson HG, Keeling DM, Laffan M, et al. Guideline on aspects of cancer-related venous thrombosis[J]. Br J Haematol, 2015,170:640-648.
[58] Napolitano M, Saccullo G, Malato A, et al. Optimal duration of low molecular weight heparin for the treatment of cancer-related deep vein thrombosis:the Cancer-DACUS study[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2014, 32:3607-3612.
[59]中华医学会放射学分会介入学组.下腔静脉滤器置入术和取出术规范的专家共识[J].中华放射学杂志, 2011, 45:297-300.
[60] Enden T, Sandvik L, Klow NE, et al. Catheter-directed venous thrombolysis in acute iliofemoral vein thrombosis:the CaVenT study:rationale and design of a multicenter, randomized,controlled, clinical trial(NCT00251771)[J]. Am Heart J, 2007,154:808-814.
[61] Hofmann LV, Kuo WT. Catheter-directed thrombolysis for acute DVT[J]. Lancet, 2012, 379:3-4.
[62]陈国平,顾建平,何旭,等.低剂量尿激酶较长时间经导管直接溶栓术治疗急性髂-股静脉血栓形成的安全性和临床疗效[J].中华放射学杂志, 2012, 46:1119-1125.
[63] Chen G, Shi W, He X, et al. Feasibility of continuous,catheter-directed thrombolysis using low-dose urokinase in combination with low molecular-weight heparin for acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis in patients at risk of bleeding[J]. Exp Ther Med, 2017, 13:751-758.
[64]褚永新,秦锋,张雷,等.不同入路置管溶栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成[J].中华普通外科杂志, 2017, 32:228-231.
[65]顾建平,何旭,楼文胜,等.经腘静脉穿刺介入治疗髂股静脉阻塞[J].中华放射学杂志, 2005, 39:921-924.
[66]苏浩波,顾建平,楼文胜,等.两种顺行置管方式溶栓治疗急性髂股静脉血栓的对照研究[J].介入放射学杂志, 2008, 17:15-18.
[67]苏浩波,顾建平,楼文胜,等.经患侧大隐静脉入路置管溶栓治疗急性髂股静脉血栓的临床对比研究[J].中华放射学杂志, 2011, 45:1185-1189.
[68]唐郁宽,陈汉威,陈勇,等.顺行插管综合介入治疗下肢深静脉慢性血栓形成[J].中华放射学杂志, 2003, 37:33-36.
[69]徐克,冯博,苏洪英,等.经颈静脉髂-股静脉血栓清除术的临床应用[J].中华放射学杂志, 2001, 35:768-771.
[70]陈国平,顾建平,何旭,等.顺行与逆行插管途径介入治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成的疗效比较[J].中华医学杂志,2017, 97:353-358.
[71]楼文胜,顾建平,范春瑛,等.下肢深静脉血栓的经动脉溶栓治疗[J].放射学实践, 2002, 17:225-227.
[72] Karthikesalingam A, Young EL, Hinchliffe RJ, et al. A systematic review of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis[J]. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2011, 41:554-565.
[73]宋进华,何旭,楼文胜,等.急性髂股静脉血栓治疗中AngioJet机械性血栓清除装置初步应用结果[J].中华放射学杂志, 2015, 49:758-762.
[74]曾庆乐,李彦豪,陈勇,等.双导丝技术辅助静脉血栓吸除术治疗髂股静脉血栓[J].中华放射学杂志, 2008, 42:99-101.
[75] Mickley V, Schwagierek R, Rilinger N, et al. Left iliac venous thrombosis caused by venous spur:treatment with thrombectomy and stent implantation[J]. J Vasc Surg, 1998, 28:492-497.
[76] Vedantham S, Vesely TM, Sicard GA, et al. Pharmacomechanical thrombolysis and early stent placement for iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis[J]. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2004, 15:565-574.
[77] O'sullivan GJ, Semba CP, Bittner CA, et al. Endovascular management of iliac vein compression(May-Thurner)syndrome[J]. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2000, 11:823-836.
[78] Shi WY, Hu LY, Wu S, et al. Two swine models of iliac vein occlusion:which form most contributes to venous thrombosis?[J]. Thromb Res, 2015, 135:1172-1178.
[79] Shi WY, Wu S, Hu LY, et al. Swine model of thrombotic caval occlusion created by autologous thrombus injection with assistance of intra-caval net knitting[J]. Sci Rep, 2015, 5:18546.
[80]公茂峰,陈国平,顾建平.下肢深静脉血栓形成的溶栓治疗现状与尿激酶,阿替普酶的临床应用[J].中华介入放射学电子杂志, 2017, 5:282-287.
[81] Grunwald MR, Hofmann LV. Comparison of urokinase, alteplase,and reteplase for catheter-directed thrombolysis of deep venous thrombosis[J]. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2004, 15:347-352.
[82]公茂峰,顾建平,陈国平,等.经导管介入治疗亚急性髂-股静脉血栓形成:尿激酶与阿替普酶溶栓即刻疗效比较[J].中华放射学杂志, 2018, 52:51-57.
[83]李智,倪才方,金泳海,等.球囊扩张辅助经导管直接溶栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓[J].中华放射学杂志, 2012, 46:561-566.
[84] Lou WS, Gu JP, He X, et al. Endovascular treatment for iliac vein compression syndrome:a comparison between the presence and absence of secondary thrombosis[J]. Korean J Radiol, 2009,10:135-143.
[85] Musani MH, Matta F, Yaekoub AY, et al. Venous compression for prevention of postthrombotic syndrome:a meta-analysis[J].Am J Med, 2010, 123:735-740.
[86] Hull RD, Raskob GE, Gent M, et al. Effectiveness of intermittent pneumatic leg compression for preventing deep vein thrombosis after total hip replacement[J]. JAMA, 1990, 263:2313-2317.
[87] Ten Cate-Hoek AJ, Amin EE, Bouman AC, et al. Individualised versus standard duration of elastic compression therapy for prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome(IDEAL DVT):a multicentre, randomised, single-blind, allocation-concealed,non-inferiority trial[J]. Lancet Haematol, 2018, 5:e25-e33.
[88] Dennis M, Sandercock P, Reid J, et al. Effectiveness of intermittent pneumatic compression in reduction of risk of deep vein thrombosis in patients who have had a stroke(CLOTS 3):a multicentre randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet, 2013, 382:516-524.
[89] Savader SJ, Trerotola SO. Venous interventional radiology with clinical perspectives, 2nd ed[M]. New York:Thieme, 2000:458-466.
[90] Frisoli JK, Sze D. Mechanical thrombectomy for the treatment of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis[J]. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol, 2003, 6:49-52.
[91] Sharafuddin MJ, Gu X, Han YM, et al. Injury potential to venous valves from the amplatz thrombectomy device[J]. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 1999, 10:64-69.
[92]苏浩波,楼文胜,顾建平,等.急性下肢深静脉血栓形成合并Ⅱ型肝素诱导血小板减少症的临床特征及介入综合治疗效果[J].中华放射学杂志, 2015, 49:380-385.
[93] Kurklinsky AK, Bjarnason H, Friese JL, et al. Outcomes of venoplasty with stent placement for chronic thrombosis of the ilic and femoral veins:single-center experience[J]. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2012, 23:1009-1015.
[94] Rosales A, Sandbaek G, Jorgensen JJ. Stenting for chronic postthrombotic vena cava and lliofemoral venous occlusions:midterm patency and clinical outcome[J]. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2010, 40:234-240.
[95] Haig Y, Enden T, Grotta O, et al. Post-thrombotic syndrome after catheter-directed thrombolysis for deep vein thrombosis(CaVenT):5-year follow-up results of an open-label, randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet Haematol, 2016, 3:E64-E71.
[96]鲍姆. Abrams介入放射学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2010:1012-1021.
[97] Shi WY, Gu JP, Liu CJ, et al. Endovascular treatment for iliac vein compression syndrome with or without lower extremity deep vein thrombosis:a retrospective study on mid-term in-stent patency from a single center[J]. Eur J Radiol, 2016, 85:7-14.
[98] Klitfod L, Just S, Foegh P, et al. Excellent long-term results with iliac stenting in local anesthesia for post-thrombotic syndrome[J]. Acta Radiol Open, 2015, 4:2058460115592164.
[99]顾建平,何旭,楼文胜,等.介入治疗576例下肢深静脉血栓形成[J].南京医科大学学报, 2006, 26:1261-1264.