川辐小麦品种农艺和品质性状改良演化
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摘要
【目的】研究川辐系列小麦品种农艺和品质性状的遗传改良进展情况,为今后的小麦新品种选育提供参考。【方法】分析了本单位先后育成的8个川辐号小麦品种在区试中的产量和品质性状,并于2016和2017年在成都市对上述品种进行了2年的农艺性状调查,对各性状的演变情况进行了线性拟合和相关性分析。【结果】(1)区试数据显示:随育成年份推移,品种产量水平呈上升趋势,平均每年提高25.39 kg/hm~2,年育种进度平均0.56%;千粒重缓慢提高,单位面积穗数和穗粒数无显著变化;容重、粗蛋白和湿面筋含量均趋向降低。(2)农艺性状调查表明:随育成年份推移,川辐系列小麦品种的灌浆期呈延长趋势,导致了全生育期相应延长;株高呈上升趋势;穗发芽抗性育种进度几乎为零,加强其筛选力度是进一步提高小麦加工品质的重要方面。(3)品质指标与产量及相关农艺性状总体上呈负相关,未来要加强产量和品质互作的遗传理论研究。【结论】川辐系列小麦品种和四川省小麦品种的整体育种进度较为一致,育种成就很大程度上体现为克服了条锈病生理小种改变导致的产量下降。诱变技术作为创造和提高变异的有效手段,在小麦育种和生产上发挥了一定的作用,但还需要进一步加强相关理论研究。
【Objective】 In order to provide a theoretical basis for further improvement,evolution of agronomic and quality traits were studied in Chuanfu series wheat.【Method】Yield and quality relative traits data from regional trial of eight Chuanfu series wheat cultivars released in Sichuan province were analysed. Furthermore,agronomic traits were investigated in Chengdu in 2016 and 2017. The evolution of each traits were evaluated by correlation analysis and linear fitting.【Result】(1)In regional trial,the yield levels of Chuanfu series wheat cultivars was on the rise with released years,increased annually by25.39 kg/hm~2 and breeding progress increased annually by 0.56%,thousand-kernel weight rising slightly nonetheless other main yield components such as panicle number per unit area and kernels per panicle changed insignificant. Unit weight,protein content and wet gluten content tends to decreased.(2)Agronomic traits statistics under the same environment demonstrated the filling stage extended with released years,which leaded longer growth duration accordingly,and plant height also increased. The genetic progress of pre-harvest sprouting resistance is almost zero,suggesting that it may be an important approach to increase quality by taking effective selection on that.(3) Quality traits were negatively correlated with yield and agronomic traits in general,and more theoretical research should be taken on relationship of yield and quality. 【Conclusion】Breeding progress of Chuanfu wheat cultivars and other cultivars released in Sichuan were relatively consistent,breeding achievements largely reflected in overcome the new races of stripe rust which resulting in a decline in yield and quality. Induced mutation as an effective means could create and improve the mutation rate,which played a significant role in wheat breeding and production,and also need further more related theoretical research.
【Objective】 In order to provide a theoretical basis for further improvement,evolution of agronomic and quality traits were studied in Chuanfu series wheat.【Method】Yield and quality relative traits data from regional trial of eight Chuanfu series wheat cultivars released in Sichuan province were analysed. Furthermore,agronomic traits were investigated in Chengdu in 2016 and 2017. The evolution of each traits were evaluated by correlation analysis and linear fitting.【Result】(1)In regional trial,the yield levels of Chuanfu series wheat cultivars was on the rise with released years,increased annually by25.39 kg/hm~2 and breeding progress increased annually by 0.56%,thousand-kernel weight rising slightly nonetheless other main yield components such as panicle number per unit area and kernels per panicle changed insignificant. Unit weight,protein content and wet gluten content tends to decreased.(2)Agronomic traits statistics under the same environment demonstrated the filling stage extended with released years,which leaded longer growth duration accordingly,and plant height also increased. The genetic progress of pre-harvest sprouting resistance is almost zero,suggesting that it may be an important approach to increase quality by taking effective selection on that.(3) Quality traits were negatively correlated with yield and agronomic traits in general,and more theoretical research should be taken on relationship of yield and quality. 【Conclusion】Breeding progress of Chuanfu wheat cultivars and other cultivars released in Sichuan were relatively consistent,breeding achievements largely reflected in overcome the new races of stripe rust which resulting in a decline in yield and quality. Induced mutation as an effective means could create and improve the mutation rate,which played a significant role in wheat breeding and production,and also need further more related theoretical research.
引文
[1]WADDINGTON S R,RANSOM J K,OSMANZAI M,et al.Improvement in the yield potential of bread wheat adapted to northwest Mexico[J].Crop Science,1986,26(26):698-703.
[2]PERRY M W,DANTUONO M F.Yield improvement and associated characteristics of some Australian spring wheat cultivars introduced between 1860 and 1982[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1989,40(3):457-472.
[3]FOULKES M J,SNAPE J W,SHEARMAN V J,et al.Genetic progress in yield potential in wheat:recent advances and future prospects[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,2007,145(1):17-29.
[4]FOULKES M J,SLAFER G A,DAVIES W J,et al.Raising yield potential of wheat.III.Optimizing partitioning to grain while maintaining lodging resistance[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2011,62(2):469-486.
[5]宋健民,戴双,李豪圣,等.山东省近年来审定小麦品种农艺和品质性状演变分析[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(6):1114-1126.
[6]李式昭,朱华忠,郑建敏,等.四川小麦品种的灌浆特性研究[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(3):938-942.
[7]张巧凤,吴纪中,颜伟,等.江苏省沿海地区小麦品种更替与演变分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2015,16(6):1179-1187.
[8]颜济.五十年四川小麦育种研究的回顾与前瞻[J].四川农业大学学报,1999,17(1):108-113.
[9]郑有良,兰秀锦,魏育明,等.小麦新品种川农16农艺性状分析[J].四川农业大学学报,2002,20(3):194-197.
[10]ZHOU Y,ZHU H Z,CAI S B,et al.Genetic improvement of grain yield and associated traits in the southern China winter wheat region:1949 to 2000[J].Euphytica,2007,157(3):465-473.
[11]伍玲,朱华忠,邓丽,等.1997-2007年通过四川省区试审定的小麦品种述评[J].西南农业学报,2008,21(3):562-569.
[12]庄巧生.中国小麦品种改良及系谱分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:22-26.
[13]邹裕春,杨恩年.四川审定的第一个强筋抗病小麦新品种-川麦36[J].四川农业科技,2003(6):14-14.
[14]李式昭,郑建敏,伍玲,等.四川小麦品种淀粉特性、多酚氧化酶活性和黄色素含量相关基因的分子标记鉴定[J].分子植物育种,2015,13(5):982-993.
[15]蒋进,王淑荣,张连全,等.四川省“十二五”期间育成小麦新品种的品质分析[J].种子,2017,36(2):95-99.
[16]伍玲,朱华忠.四川省10年来小麦育种的产量变化[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(1):212-219.
[17]刘博,刘太国,章振羽,等.中国小麦条锈菌条中34号的发现及其致病特性[J].植物病理学报,2017,47(5):681-687.
[18]瞿世洪,余泽良,夏琼,等.β射线引变育成丰产、抗病小麦新品种川辐一号[J].四川农业学报,1987,2(1):45.
[19]徐利远,宣朴,瞿世洪,等.川辐系列小麦品种品系的染色体结构变异研究[J].核农学报,1996,10(2):65-70.
[20]宣朴,徐利远,瞿世洪,等.川辐系列小麦新品种的选育及探讨[J].核农学通报,1996,17(2):58-61.
[21]宣朴,尹春蓉,岳春芳,等.小麦花培突变体新品种川辐5号的选育及相关技术研究[J].核农学报,2002,16(5):264-267.
[22]蒋云,张洁,郭元林,等.抗条锈病弱筋小麦新品种:川辐7号[J].麦类作物学报,2017,37(2):287.
[23]MCNEAL F H,KOZNAK C F,SMITH E P,et al.A uniform system for recording and processing cereal research data[J].USDA-ARS Bull,1971(42):34-121.
[24]周阳,何中虎,张改生,等.1BL/1RS易位系在我国小麦育种中的应用[J].作物学报,2004,30(6):531-535.
[25]肖永贵,刘新伦,何胜美,等.1BL.1RS易位系对小麦籽粒性状的遗传效应分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(5):140-146.
[26]陈万权,康振生,马占鸿,等.中国小麦条锈病综合治理理论与实践[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(20):4254-4262.
[27]DENG Y,ZHAI K,XIE Z,et al.Epigenetic regulation of antagonistic receptors confers rice blast resistance with yield balance[J].Science,2017,355(6328):962.
[28]杨芳萍,杨文雄,尚勋武.小麦条锈病对小麦产量的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2008,43(2):51-55.
[29]王成社,李景琦,杨进荣,等.小麦条锈病流行小种对小麦新品系产量的影响[J].植物保护学报,2004,31(2):121-126.
[30]彭芹,戴双,郭骞欢,等.1950年以来山东省主推小麦品种的遗传多样性演变[J].分子植物育种,2012,10(2):228-237.
[31]李式昭,朱华忠,郑建敏,等.四川小麦品种的产量潜力研究[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(1):24-29.
[32]郑建敏,罗江陶,李式昭,等.2008-2016年四川省小麦区试品系品质分析[J].麦类作物学报,2017,37(4):513-519.
[33]蒋云,张洁,郭元林,等.高能混合粒子场处理小麦并储藏的辐照效应分析[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(8):1771-1775.
[34]蒋云,张洁,郭元林,等.空间环境诱导小麦变异及ISSR多态性研究[J].核农学报,2017,31(9):1665-1671.
[2]PERRY M W,DANTUONO M F.Yield improvement and associated characteristics of some Australian spring wheat cultivars introduced between 1860 and 1982[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1989,40(3):457-472.
[3]FOULKES M J,SNAPE J W,SHEARMAN V J,et al.Genetic progress in yield potential in wheat:recent advances and future prospects[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,2007,145(1):17-29.
[4]FOULKES M J,SLAFER G A,DAVIES W J,et al.Raising yield potential of wheat.III.Optimizing partitioning to grain while maintaining lodging resistance[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2011,62(2):469-486.
[5]宋健民,戴双,李豪圣,等.山东省近年来审定小麦品种农艺和品质性状演变分析[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(6):1114-1126.
[6]李式昭,朱华忠,郑建敏,等.四川小麦品种的灌浆特性研究[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(3):938-942.
[7]张巧凤,吴纪中,颜伟,等.江苏省沿海地区小麦品种更替与演变分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2015,16(6):1179-1187.
[8]颜济.五十年四川小麦育种研究的回顾与前瞻[J].四川农业大学学报,1999,17(1):108-113.
[9]郑有良,兰秀锦,魏育明,等.小麦新品种川农16农艺性状分析[J].四川农业大学学报,2002,20(3):194-197.
[10]ZHOU Y,ZHU H Z,CAI S B,et al.Genetic improvement of grain yield and associated traits in the southern China winter wheat region:1949 to 2000[J].Euphytica,2007,157(3):465-473.
[11]伍玲,朱华忠,邓丽,等.1997-2007年通过四川省区试审定的小麦品种述评[J].西南农业学报,2008,21(3):562-569.
[12]庄巧生.中国小麦品种改良及系谱分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:22-26.
[13]邹裕春,杨恩年.四川审定的第一个强筋抗病小麦新品种-川麦36[J].四川农业科技,2003(6):14-14.
[14]李式昭,郑建敏,伍玲,等.四川小麦品种淀粉特性、多酚氧化酶活性和黄色素含量相关基因的分子标记鉴定[J].分子植物育种,2015,13(5):982-993.
[15]蒋进,王淑荣,张连全,等.四川省“十二五”期间育成小麦新品种的品质分析[J].种子,2017,36(2):95-99.
[16]伍玲,朱华忠.四川省10年来小麦育种的产量变化[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(1):212-219.
[17]刘博,刘太国,章振羽,等.中国小麦条锈菌条中34号的发现及其致病特性[J].植物病理学报,2017,47(5):681-687.
[18]瞿世洪,余泽良,夏琼,等.β射线引变育成丰产、抗病小麦新品种川辐一号[J].四川农业学报,1987,2(1):45.
[19]徐利远,宣朴,瞿世洪,等.川辐系列小麦品种品系的染色体结构变异研究[J].核农学报,1996,10(2):65-70.
[20]宣朴,徐利远,瞿世洪,等.川辐系列小麦新品种的选育及探讨[J].核农学通报,1996,17(2):58-61.
[21]宣朴,尹春蓉,岳春芳,等.小麦花培突变体新品种川辐5号的选育及相关技术研究[J].核农学报,2002,16(5):264-267.
[22]蒋云,张洁,郭元林,等.抗条锈病弱筋小麦新品种:川辐7号[J].麦类作物学报,2017,37(2):287.
[23]MCNEAL F H,KOZNAK C F,SMITH E P,et al.A uniform system for recording and processing cereal research data[J].USDA-ARS Bull,1971(42):34-121.
[24]周阳,何中虎,张改生,等.1BL/1RS易位系在我国小麦育种中的应用[J].作物学报,2004,30(6):531-535.
[25]肖永贵,刘新伦,何胜美,等.1BL.1RS易位系对小麦籽粒性状的遗传效应分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(5):140-146.
[26]陈万权,康振生,马占鸿,等.中国小麦条锈病综合治理理论与实践[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(20):4254-4262.
[27]DENG Y,ZHAI K,XIE Z,et al.Epigenetic regulation of antagonistic receptors confers rice blast resistance with yield balance[J].Science,2017,355(6328):962.
[28]杨芳萍,杨文雄,尚勋武.小麦条锈病对小麦产量的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2008,43(2):51-55.
[29]王成社,李景琦,杨进荣,等.小麦条锈病流行小种对小麦新品系产量的影响[J].植物保护学报,2004,31(2):121-126.
[30]彭芹,戴双,郭骞欢,等.1950年以来山东省主推小麦品种的遗传多样性演变[J].分子植物育种,2012,10(2):228-237.
[31]李式昭,朱华忠,郑建敏,等.四川小麦品种的产量潜力研究[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(1):24-29.
[32]郑建敏,罗江陶,李式昭,等.2008-2016年四川省小麦区试品系品质分析[J].麦类作物学报,2017,37(4):513-519.
[33]蒋云,张洁,郭元林,等.高能混合粒子场处理小麦并储藏的辐照效应分析[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(8):1771-1775.
[34]蒋云,张洁,郭元林,等.空间环境诱导小麦变异及ISSR多态性研究[J].核农学报,2017,31(9):1665-1671.