西部地区居住建筑太阳能采暖利用辐射分区
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摘要
为区分西部地区居住建筑太阳能采暖的辐射资源差异,针对不同辐射资源强度的太阳能采暖设计开展太阳辐射分区研究。提出以光热采暖度日数辐射比、光电采暖度日数辐射比作为太阳辐射分区指标。为计算南向立面辐射量、光伏板在最佳倾角下接收到的辐射量,通过对比3种太阳辐射模型选择适宜西部地区使用的模型。选择西部地区12个省(自治区、直辖市)的46座城市作为分区数据源,采用聚类分析得到4个居住建筑太阳能采暖辐射区域,并对各区域的太阳能建筑采暖利用潜力进行分析。
In order to distinguish the difference in radiation resources of solar heating in residential buildings of the western region in China,solar radiation zoning for solar heating design with different radiation intensity was studied. The radiation ratio of the solar-thermal heating degree days based on 18 ℃ and the solar-photovoltaic heating degree days based on 18 ℃ were taken as the solar radiation division indicators. In order to calculate the amount of solar radiation under the south facade and the optimum tilt angle of photovoltaic panels,a suitable computing model for the western region was selected by comparing the three solar radiation models at 46 sites(cities)in 12 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government)in the western region were selected as the partitioned data source,then clustering theory was used to obtain solar heating radiation zoning for four residential buildings,and the potential of solar energy buildings in each sub-region was analyzed.
In order to distinguish the difference in radiation resources of solar heating in residential buildings of the western region in China,solar radiation zoning for solar heating design with different radiation intensity was studied. The radiation ratio of the solar-thermal heating degree days based on 18 ℃ and the solar-photovoltaic heating degree days based on 18 ℃ were taken as the solar radiation division indicators. In order to calculate the amount of solar radiation under the south facade and the optimum tilt angle of photovoltaic panels,a suitable computing model for the western region was selected by comparing the three solar radiation models at 46 sites(cities)in 12 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government)in the western region were selected as the partitioned data source,then clustering theory was used to obtain solar heating radiation zoning for four residential buildings,and the potential of solar energy buildings in each sub-region was analyzed.
引文
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[18] Skartveit A,Olseth J A. Modelling slope irradiance at high latitudes[J]. Solar Energy,1986,36(04):333—344.
[19] Klucher T M. Evaluation of models to predict insolation on tilted surfaces[J]. Solar Energy,1979,23(2):111—114.
[20]姜盈霓,程小军,刘静.日太阳散射辐射月均值的估算[J].可再生能源,2008,26(5):8—12.[20] Jiang Yingni, Chen Xiaojun, Liu Jing. Monthly estimation of scattered radiation[J]. Renewable Energy Resources,2008,26(5):8—12.
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[2]沈义.我国太阳能的空间分布及地区开发利用综合潜力评价[D].兰州:兰州大学,2014.[2] Shen Yi. The spatial distribution of solar energy and the comprehensive potential evaluation of regional exploitation and utilization in China[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2014.
[3]周扬,吴文祥,胡莹,等.西北地区太阳能资源空间分布特征及资源潜力评估[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(10):1738—1749.[3] Zhou Yang, Wu Wenxiang, Hu Ying, et al. The temporal-spatial distribution and evaluation of potential solar energy resources in Northwest China[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2010,25(10):1738—1749.
[4] GB 50176—2016,民用建筑热工设计规范[S].[4] GB 50176—2016, Thermal design code for civil building[S].
[5]左大康,王懿贤,陈建绥.中国地区太阳总辐射的空间分布特征[J].气象学报,1963,33(1):78—96.[5] Zuo Dakang, Wang Yixian, Chen Jiansui.Characteristics of the distribution of total radiation in China[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica,1963,33(1):78—95.
[6]王炳忠.中国太阳能资源利用区划[J].太阳能学报,1983,4(3):221—228.[6] Wang Bingzhong. China solar energy resource zone division[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,1983,4(3):221—228.
[7]刘大龙,刘加平,杨柳.以晴空指数为主要依据的太阳辐射分区[J].建筑科学,2007,23(6):9—11.[7] Liu Dalong,Liu Jiaping,Yang Liu. Clearness index based solar radiation distribution[J]. Building Science,2007,23(06):9—11.
[8]刘新安,范辽生,王艳华,等.辽宁省太阳辐射的计算方法及其分布特征[J].资源科学,2002,24(1):82—87.[8] Liu Xin’an,Fan Liaosheng,Wang Yanhua,et al.The calculation methods and distributive character of solar radiation in Liaoning province[J]. Resources Science,2002,24(1):82—87.
[9]肖晶晶,金志凤,李娜,等.浙江省太阳辐射计算及分布特征[J].浙江气象,2012,33(3):13—17.[9] Xu Jingjing,Jin Zhifeng,Li Na,et al. Climatical method for solar radiation calculation and its distribution in Zhejiang province[J]. Gansu Meteorology,2012,33(3):13—17.
[10]陈建新,刘伟,陈燕,等.南阳市太阳总辐射分析及区划[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(16):8509—8510.[10] Liu Jianxin,Liu Wei,Chen Yan,et al. Analysis and division of solar radiation in Nanyang[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2010,38(16):8509—8510.
[11]陈晓红.数据降维的广义相关分析研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2011.[11] Chen Xiaohong. Research on generalized canonical correlation analysis of data dimensionality reduction[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2011.
[12]杨金焕.固定式光伏方阵最佳倾角的分析[J].太阳能学报,1992,13(1):86—92.[12] Yang Jinhuan. The analysis of stationary photovoltaic phalanx best angle[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,1992,13(1):86—92.
[13]祝昌汉.我国直接辐射的计算方法及分布特征[J].太阳能学报,1985,6(1):1—11.[13] Zhu Changhan. Climatical method for direct solar radiation calculation and its distribution over China[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,1985,6(1):1—11.
[14]翁笃鸣.中国太阳直接辐射的气候计算及其分布特征[J].太阳能学报,1986,7(2):121—130.[14] Weng Duming. Climatical method for direct solar radiation calculation and its distribution over China[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,1986,7(2):121—130.
[15]高国栋,陆渝蓉.我国辐射平衡各分量计算方法及时空分布的研究(2):太阳辐射各分量[J].南京大学学报:自然科学版,1978,2(2):83—99.[15] Gao Guodong,Lu Yurong. Computational method and spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of each component of radiation equilibrium in China(2):Solar radiation components[J]. Journal of Nanjing University:Natural Science Edition,1978,2(2):83—99.
[16] Liu B Y H, Jordan R C. The long-term average performance of flat-plate solar-energy collectors:With design data for the U.S. its outlying possessions and Canada[J]. Solar Energy,1963,7(2):53—74.
[17] Reindl D T,Beckman W A,Duffie J A. Evaluation of hourly tilted surface radiation models[J]. Solar Energy,1990,45(1):9—17.
[18] Skartveit A,Olseth J A. Modelling slope irradiance at high latitudes[J]. Solar Energy,1986,36(04):333—344.
[19] Klucher T M. Evaluation of models to predict insolation on tilted surfaces[J]. Solar Energy,1979,23(2):111—114.
[20]姜盈霓,程小军,刘静.日太阳散射辐射月均值的估算[J].可再生能源,2008,26(5):8—12.[20] Jiang Yingni, Chen Xiaojun, Liu Jing. Monthly estimation of scattered radiation[J]. Renewable Energy Resources,2008,26(5):8—12.
[21]解焱,李典谟,MacKinnon J.中国生物地理区划研究[J].生态学报,2002,22(10):1599—1615.[21] Xie Yan, Li Dianmo, Mac Kinnon J. Preliminary researches on biogeographical divisions of China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2002,22(10):1599—1615.