网络食品交易安全法律问题
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摘要
相对于传统的实体店交易,网络食品交易的环节及参与主体类型均较多,叠加网络交易的虚拟性、跨时空性、跨行政地域性等特点,导致网络食品交易的法律关系非常复杂,监管效果并不理想,侵犯消费者权益的现象时有发生。网络食品交易给政府监管带来了新课题、新挑战。笔者认为,网络食品交易安全治理不是政府监管机构所能独立完成的,而应当以政府监管为主导,强制第三方网络食品交易平台建立完善的网络食品交易信息数据库,并赋予其部分"准监管"权利;同时完善网络信用管理机制建设,对网络食品经营者进行信用分类监管,引导行业协会及消费者积极参与,方能达到比较理想的综合治理效果。
Compared with traditional physical store transactions, online food transactions involve more steps and a wider variety of participants, which integrate the virtuality of online transactions, and cross-temporal, cross-spatial, crossadministrative regional characteristics, resulting in highly complicated legal relationship of online food transactions, unsatisfactory supervision, and frequent violations of consumer rights. Online food transactions have brought new tasks and challenges to government regulation. The author believes that online food transaction security governance can not be independently completed by government regulatory agencies. In order to achieve satisfactory comprehensive management of online food transaction security, it is recommended that government supervision should dominate online food transaction security governance, force the third-party online food trading platform to establish a preface online food transaction information database and gives it some "quasi-regulatory" rights; at the same time, the government regulators should improve the construction of the network credit management mechanism, conducts credit classification supervision over online food operators, and guides industrial associations and consumers to actively participate in online food transaction security governance.
Compared with traditional physical store transactions, online food transactions involve more steps and a wider variety of participants, which integrate the virtuality of online transactions, and cross-temporal, cross-spatial, crossadministrative regional characteristics, resulting in highly complicated legal relationship of online food transactions, unsatisfactory supervision, and frequent violations of consumer rights. Online food transactions have brought new tasks and challenges to government regulation. The author believes that online food transaction security governance can not be independently completed by government regulatory agencies. In order to achieve satisfactory comprehensive management of online food transaction security, it is recommended that government supervision should dominate online food transaction security governance, force the third-party online food trading platform to establish a preface online food transaction information database and gives it some "quasi-regulatory" rights; at the same time, the government regulators should improve the construction of the network credit management mechanism, conducts credit classification supervision over online food operators, and guides industrial associations and consumers to actively participate in online food transaction security governance.
引文
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[27]杨炳霖.监管治理体系建设理论范式与实施路径研究:回应性监管理论的启示[J].中国行政管理,2014(6):47-54.DOI:10.3782/j.issn.1006-0863.2014.06.10.
[28]王融.中国互联网监管的历史发展、特征和重点趋势[J].信息安全与通信保密,2017(1):52-65.
[29]朱伟峰.中国互联网监管的变迁、挑战与现代化[J].新闻与传播研究,2014,21(7):80-86;127.
[30]高秦伟.社会自我规制与行政法的任务[J].中国法学,2015(5):73-98.DOI:10.14111/j.cnki.zgfx.2015.05.007.
[31]孔繁华.我国食品安全信息公布制度研究[J].华南师范大学学报(社会科学版),2010(3):5-11;157.
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[33]张亮.行政法视域中网络平台第三方义务的解释与适用[J].黑龙江社会科学,2017(6):33-38.
[34]OECD.The role of internet intermediaries in advancing public policy ojectives[M].Paris:OECD Publishing,2011:81-93.
[35]张维迎.博弈论与信息经济学[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2004:214-223.
[36]王海馨.电子商务法给电商带上紧箍[N].光明日报,2018-09-28(10).
[37]曹俊金,阮赞林.《食品安全法》中惩罚性赔偿条款适用的实证分析[J].天津法学,2015,31(2):53-58.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-828X.2015.02.010.
[38]宋香丽.食品安全视域下网络舆论监督审视[J].江苏商论,2017(12):24-27.DOI:10.13395/j.cnki.issn.1009-0061.2017.12.008.
[39]孙道萃.可增设破坏网络市场信用评价罪规制刷单行为[N].检察日报,2017-09-06(3).
[40]程琥.论我国网络市场监管的行政法治转型[J].行政法学研究,2017(1):12-20;40.
[41]何煜.网购食品安全现状分析与监管探究[J].食品安全管理,2017(11):25.DOI:10.16043/j.cnki.cfs.2017.33.016.
[2]王佩佩.网购食品交易中法律问题研究[D].长春:吉林财经大学,2017:4.
[3]梁潇.网络餐饮服务再添“安全砝码”,全程追溯监管还需多方合力[N].中国产经新闻,2018-01-23(2).
[4]刘鹏,李文韬.网络订餐食品安全监管:基于智慧监管理论的视角[J].华中师范大学学报(人文科学版),2018,57(1):1-9.
[5]朱国旺.涉网餐饮服务者:请看清责任和义务:总局解读《网络餐饮服务食品安全监督管理办法》[J].中国食品药品监管,2017(11):29-31.
[6]田一博.当前网络食品安全问题及对策[J].食品安全管理,2017(1):31-32.DOI:10.16043/j.cnki.cfs.2017.03.022.
[7]马少騄.消费者淘宝买茅台遭欺诈,“年度最低价”贵过平时[EB/OL].(2016-11-12)[2018-03-23].http://news.china.com/socialgd/10000169/20161112/23878222.html.
[8]封俊丽.网络食品市场中的柠檬问题探讨[J].商业经济研究,2016(4):122-124.
[9]陈晓蓉.网购买到“三无”产品消费者诉维权获赔3.3万[J].质量探索,2015,12(10):44.
[10]1号店.1号店退换货政策总则[EB/OL].(2008-03-14)[2018-05-05].http://cms.yhd.com/cms/view.do?topicId=31.
[11]亚马逊.国内自营/入驻卖家商品的退换货政策[EB/OL].(2004-08-19)[2018-05-05].https://www.amazon.cn/gp/help/customer/display.html/ref=hp_rr_p_ld_detail_policy?ie=UTF8&nodeId=202117230.
[12]KLEINSTEUBER H J.The internet between regulation and governance[M]//The Media Freedom Internet Cook-Book.Paris:Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe,2004:61.
[13]游雯茵,罗金勇.现阶段网络食品安全存在的问题及对策[J].现代食品,2017(3):45-47.DOI:10.16736/j.cnki.cn41-1434/ts.2017.03.016.
[14]周涛.2016年央视315晚会:“饿了么”惊现黑心作坊[EB/OL].(2004-08-19)[2018-06-11].http://tech.huanqiu.com/original/2016-03/8713004.html.
[15]陈谞.中国网络食品监管立法不断完善[J].中国食品药品监管,2017(12):29-33.
[16]章政.从市场体系到信用体系的里程碑[N].经济日报,2014-07-11(6).
[17]蔡雄山.实现从互联网管理到互联网治理思维的转变[G].互联网+时代的立法与公共政策.北京:法律出版社,2016:146.
[18]AKERLOF G A.The market for‘lemons’:quality uncertainty and the market mechanism[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,1970,84(3):488-500.
[19]陈心同,胡红林.四个“最严”抓食品安全[EB/OL].(2015-05-31)[2018-07-11].http://sd.people.com.cn/n/2015/0531/c356086-25071303.html.
[20]俞可平.治理与善治[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2000:4-5.
[21]张慧君.俄罗斯转型进程中的国家治理模式演进[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2009:11.
[22]吕永卫,霍丽娜.网络餐饮业食品安全社会共治的演化博弈分析[J].系统科学学报,2018,26(1):78-81.
[23]范柏乃,金洁,闫伟.食品安全:从政府监管走向公共治理[N].光明日报,2015-11-23(11).
[24]CHEUNG A S Y,YUN Z.An overview of internet regulation in China[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,2013:1-17.DOI:10.2139/ssrn.2358247.
[25]黎炳盛.有限政府的有效性与合法性[J].云南行政学院学报,2000(5):40-43.DOI:10.16273/j.cnki.53-1134/d.2000.05.008.
[26]周德翼,杨海娟.食物质量安全管理中的信息不对称与政府监管机制[J].中国农村经济,2002(6):29-35;52.
[27]杨炳霖.监管治理体系建设理论范式与实施路径研究:回应性监管理论的启示[J].中国行政管理,2014(6):47-54.DOI:10.3782/j.issn.1006-0863.2014.06.10.
[28]王融.中国互联网监管的历史发展、特征和重点趋势[J].信息安全与通信保密,2017(1):52-65.
[29]朱伟峰.中国互联网监管的变迁、挑战与现代化[J].新闻与传播研究,2014,21(7):80-86;127.
[30]高秦伟.社会自我规制与行政法的任务[J].中国法学,2015(5):73-98.DOI:10.14111/j.cnki.zgfx.2015.05.007.
[31]孔繁华.我国食品安全信息公布制度研究[J].华南师范大学学报(社会科学版),2010(3):5-11;157.
[32]肖平辉.“互联网+”时代新《食品安全法》大考[N].深圳特区报,2016-04-26(B10).
[33]张亮.行政法视域中网络平台第三方义务的解释与适用[J].黑龙江社会科学,2017(6):33-38.
[34]OECD.The role of internet intermediaries in advancing public policy ojectives[M].Paris:OECD Publishing,2011:81-93.
[35]张维迎.博弈论与信息经济学[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2004:214-223.
[36]王海馨.电子商务法给电商带上紧箍[N].光明日报,2018-09-28(10).
[37]曹俊金,阮赞林.《食品安全法》中惩罚性赔偿条款适用的实证分析[J].天津法学,2015,31(2):53-58.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-828X.2015.02.010.
[38]宋香丽.食品安全视域下网络舆论监督审视[J].江苏商论,2017(12):24-27.DOI:10.13395/j.cnki.issn.1009-0061.2017.12.008.
[39]孙道萃.可增设破坏网络市场信用评价罪规制刷单行为[N].检察日报,2017-09-06(3).
[40]程琥.论我国网络市场监管的行政法治转型[J].行政法学研究,2017(1):12-20;40.
[41]何煜.网购食品安全现状分析与监管探究[J].食品安全管理,2017(11):25.DOI:10.16043/j.cnki.cfs.2017.33.016.