长白落叶松种子园亲本生长与结实性状综合评价
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摘要
生长与结实性状是种子园亲本重要的评价标准,本研究以长白落叶松种子园58个亲本无性系为试验材料,对其生长与结实性状进行测定及分析。方差分析结果表明,除通直度、节间距、0和1.3 m树皮厚度外,各性状在无性系间均存在显著差异,其表型变异系数变化范围为8.05%~54.97%,重复力变化范围为0.102 3~0.744 2。高变异、高重复力有利于优良无性系选育。利用主成分分析将各性状分为4个主成分(Y1、Y2、Y3、Y4),不同无性系各主成分值差异较大。以生长与结实性状为评价指标,利用多性状综合评价法,以10%的入选率,L59、L56、L77、L90、L92和L87等6个选为优良无性系,其主成分Y1值均较大,树高、胸径和材积的平均遗传增益分别为15.43%、8.25%和29.73%。本研究可为长白落叶松无性系种子园优良亲本建园材料选择提供理论基础。
Growth and fruit traits were important evaluation criterion for tree parents in seed orchard. With 58 Larix olgensis parents clones,we studied the growth and fruit traits. By ANOVA analysis of all traits( except stem straightness,internodal distance,0 m and 1. 3 m bark thickness),there was significant difference among all clones. The phenotypic variation coefficients and repeatabilities ranged in 8. 05%-54. 97% and 0. 102 3-0. 744 2,respectively. Higher phenotypic variation coefficient and repeatability values were benefit for excellent clone selected and valuated. By principle component analysis,all traits were divided into four principle components( Y1,Y2,Y3 and Y4),and different clones showed different principle components values. Six clones( L59,L56,L77,L90,L92 and L87) were selected as excellent clones under a selection rate of 10%,using growth traits and fruit traits as comprehensive evaluation indexes. The selected clones showed higher Y1 principle component values with the genetic gains of 15. 43%,8. 25%,and 29. 73 % for tree height,diameter at breath height and value,respectively.
Growth and fruit traits were important evaluation criterion for tree parents in seed orchard. With 58 Larix olgensis parents clones,we studied the growth and fruit traits. By ANOVA analysis of all traits( except stem straightness,internodal distance,0 m and 1. 3 m bark thickness),there was significant difference among all clones. The phenotypic variation coefficients and repeatabilities ranged in 8. 05%-54. 97% and 0. 102 3-0. 744 2,respectively. Higher phenotypic variation coefficient and repeatability values were benefit for excellent clone selected and valuated. By principle component analysis,all traits were divided into four principle components( Y1,Y2,Y3 and Y4),and different clones showed different principle components values. Six clones( L59,L56,L77,L90,L92 and L87) were selected as excellent clones under a selection rate of 10%,using growth traits and fruit traits as comprehensive evaluation indexes. The selected clones showed higher Y1 principle component values with the genetic gains of 15. 43%,8. 25%,and 29. 73 % for tree height,diameter at breath height and value,respectively.
引文
1.李东升,陈霞,杜宝昌,等.长白落叶松的采种与良种选育方法[J].中国西部科技,2011,10(32):49,51.Li D S,Chen X,Du B C,et al.Seed production and breeding methods in Larix olgensis[J].Science and Technology of West China,2011,10(32):49,51.
2 .胡国宣,张友民.长白落叶松林的野生经济植物资源调查[J].吉林农业大学学报,1989(3):39-42.Hu G X,Zhang Y M.Investigations on the wild economic plant resources of Larix olgensis forest[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,1989(3):39-42.
3 .夏辉,赵国辉,司冬晶,等.中国林木种子园建设与管理技术探讨[J].西部林业科学,2016,45(2):46-51.Xia H,Zhao G H,Si D J,et al.Construction and management technology of tree seed orchard in China[J].Journal of West China Forestry Science,2016,45(2):46-51.
4 .王昊.林木种子园研究现状与发展趋势[J].世界林业研究,2013,26(4):32-37.Wang H.Research progress and development trend of tree seed orchard[J].World Forestry Research,2013,26(4):32-37.
5 .蒙宽宏,张文达.长白落叶松半同胞子代测定及优良家系的选择[J].林业勘查设计,2014(3):62-64.Meng K H,Zhang W D.The half-sib progeny test and selection of good families in Larix olgensis[J].Forest Investigation Design,2014(3):62-64.
6 .吴子欢,邓桂香.黑荆树半同胞子代林幼林测定及优良家系初步选择[J].种子,2010,29(03):105-108.Wu Z H,Deng G X.Primary test in a half-sib progeny of Acacia mearnsii De wild and superior family selection[J].Seed,2010,29(3):105-108.
7 .周长富,陈宏伟,李桐森,等.思茅松优树半同胞子代测定林优良家系选择[J].福建林业科技,2008,35(3):60-66.Zhou C F,Chen H W,Li T S,et al.Fine families selecting in half-sib progeny of plus-tree of Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis[J].Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology,2008,35(3):60-66.
8 .王继志,黄英山,张光林,等.长白落叶松种子园优良无性系的选择及其主要性状的相关分析[J].吉林林业科技,1990(3):8-11.Wang J Z,Huang Y S,Zhang G L,et al.Important traits correlation analyses and excellent clones selection in seed orchard of Larix olgensis[J].Journal of Jilin Forestry Science and Technology,1990(3):8-11.
9 .黄德龙.柳桉家系适应性试验与遗传变异分析[J].山地农业生物学报,2008,27(3):207-212.Huang D L.Study on adapt ability and genetic variation of Eucalyptus saligna families[J].Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology,2008,27(3):207-212.
10 .赵曦阳.白杨杂交试验与杂种无性系多性状综合评价[D].北京:北京林业大学,2010.Zhao X Y.Study on hybridization and evaluation of multiple characters of hybrid clones in Chinese white poplar[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2010.
11 .梁德洋,金允哲,赵光浩,等.50个红松无性系生长与木材性状变异研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(6):51-59.Liang D Y,Jin Y Z,Zhao G H,et al.Variance analyses of growth and wood characteristics of 50 Pinus koraiensis clones[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2016,38(6):51-59.
12 .张有慧,解孝满,李景涛,等.毛白杨无性系多性状综合分析[J].山东林业科技,2008,38(2):31-33.Zhang Y H,Xie X M,Li J T,et al.Multi-characteristic comprehensive analysis of Populus tomentosa clones[J].Shandong Forestry Science and Technology,2008,38(2):31-33.
13 .续九如.林木数量遗传学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:31-35.Xu J R.Trees quantitative genetics[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006:31-35.
14 .Hansen J K,Roulund H.Genetic parameters for spiral grain,stem form,pilodyn and growth in 13 years old clones of Sitka Spruce(Picea sitchensis(Bong.)CARR.)[J].Silvae Genetica,1996,46(2-3):107-113.
15 .Burdon R.Genetic correlation as a concept for studying genotype-environment interaction in forest tree breeding[J].Silvae Genetica,1977,26:168-175.
16 .Pliura A,Zhang S Y,Mackay J,et al.Genotypic variation in wood density and growth traits of poplar hybrids at four clonal trials[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2007,238(1-3):92-106.
17 .赵凯歌.用形态标记和分子标记研究蜡梅栽培种质的遗传多样性[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2007.Zhao K G.Studies on genetic diversity of cultivated Chimonanthus praecox using morphological and molecular markers[D].Wuhan:Huangzhong Agricultural University,2007.
18 .Xia H,Zhao G H,Zhang L S,et al.Genetic and variation analyses of growth traits of half-sib Larix olgensis families in northeast China[J].Euphytica,2016,212(3):387-397.
19 .尹绍鹏,赵国辉,夏辉,等.长白落叶松半同胞子代测定研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2016,36(1):63-68.Yin S P,Zhao G H,Xia H,et al.Study on progeny test of half-sibs families in Larix olgensis[J].Journal of Southwest Forestry University,2016,36(1):63-68.
20 .Da Silva F F,Pereira M G,Ramos H C C,et al.Selection and estimation of the genetic gain in segregating generations of papaya(Carica papaya L.)[J].Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology,2008,8(1):1-8.
21 .朱之悌.林木遗传学基础[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1990:190-191.Zhu Z T.Forest genetic basis[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,1990:190-191.
22 .李艳霞.长白落叶松优树子代生长与材质的遗传变异及多性状联合选择[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2012.Li Y X.The genetic variation and multi-trait associated selection of the growth traits and material quality traits of the excellent progenies of Larix olgensis[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2012.
23 .秦桂珍.23年生长白落叶松半同胞家系子代测定及优良家系的选择[J].黑龙江生态工程职业学院学报,2011(6):7-8.Qin G Z.Study on progeny test and excellent families selected of half-sibs Larix olgensis families in 23 years old[J].Journal of Heilongjiang Vocational Institute of Ecological Engineering,2011(6):7-8.
24 .Mwase W F,Savill P S,Hemery G.Genetic parameter estimates for growth and form traits in common ash(Fraxinus excelsior L.)in a breeding seedling orchard at Little Wittenham in England[J].New Forests,2008,36(3):225-238.
25 .李自敬,李雪峰,张含国,等.长白落叶松优良家系选择的研究[J].林业科技,2008,33(4):1-4.Li Z J,Li X F,Zhang H G,et al.Study on selection of superior families of Larix olgensis[J].Forestry Science&Technology,2008,33(4):1-4.
26 .满文慧,崔雅君,李国林.天然长白松干形的研究[J].吉林林业科技,2006,35(6):21-25.Man W H,Cui Y J,Li G L.Study on the stem form of natural Pinus sylvestris var.sylvestriformis[J].Jilin Forestry Science and Technology,2006,35(6):21-25.
27 .陈东来,秦淑英.树皮厚度、树皮材积与直径和树高相关关系的研究[J].河北林学院学报,1994,9(3):248-250.Chen D L,Qin S Y.Studies on correlation of thickness and volume of tree bark to trunk diameter and height[J].Journal of Hebei Forestry College,1994,9(3):248-250.
28 .罗建中,Arnold R,项东云,等.邓恩桉生长、木材密度和树皮厚度的遗传变异研究[J].林业科学研究,2009,22(6):758-764.Luo J Z,Arnold R,Xiang D Y,et al.Genetic variation in growth,wood density and bark thickness of Eucalyptus dunnii[J].Forest Research,2009,22(6):758-764.
29 .白奕.多指标综合评价的主成分分析模型及原理[J].陕西师范大学学报:自然科学版,1998,26(2):109-110.Bai Y.Model and theory of main-portion analysis used in comprehensive evaluation of multiple targets[J].Journal of Shaanxi Normal University:Natural Science Edition,1998,26(2):109-110.
30 .贺成林.毛白杨新无性系苗期性状对比研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2004.He C L.Comparative analyses on seedling traits of new Populus tomentosa clones[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2004.
31 .陈兴彬,吴德军,杨克强.油松苗期生长性状分析及选择因子的确定[J].山东林业科技,2011,41(6):5-9.Chen X B,Wu D J,Yang K Q.Growth traits analysis and selective factors determination of seedling of Pinus tabulaeformis[J].Journal of Shandong Forestry Science and Technology,2011,41(6):5-9.
32 .刘永红,杨培华,樊军锋,等.油松优良家系多性状选择方法研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2006,34(12):115-120.Liu Y H,Yang P H,Fan J F,et al.Multi-characteristic selection methods of superior families of Pinus tabuleaformis Carr[J].Journal of Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry:Natural Science Edition,2006,34(12):115-120.
33 .王洪梅,刘国军,丰庆义,等.长白落叶松半同胞子代遗传增益分析[J].林业科技,2011,36(6):1-4.Wang H M,Liu G J,Feng Q Y,et al.Genetic gain analysis on half-sibs progenies of Larix olgensis[J].Forestry Science&Technology,2011,36(6):1-4.
34 .刘录,朱弘,郭淑华,等.长白落叶松种子园优良无性系选择方法研究[J].林业科技通讯,1998(1):13-15.Liu L,Zhu H,Guo S H,et al.Excellent clones selected methods analyses of seed orchard in Larix olgensis[J].Forest Science and Technology,1998(1):13-15.
2 .胡国宣,张友民.长白落叶松林的野生经济植物资源调查[J].吉林农业大学学报,1989(3):39-42.Hu G X,Zhang Y M.Investigations on the wild economic plant resources of Larix olgensis forest[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,1989(3):39-42.
3 .夏辉,赵国辉,司冬晶,等.中国林木种子园建设与管理技术探讨[J].西部林业科学,2016,45(2):46-51.Xia H,Zhao G H,Si D J,et al.Construction and management technology of tree seed orchard in China[J].Journal of West China Forestry Science,2016,45(2):46-51.
4 .王昊.林木种子园研究现状与发展趋势[J].世界林业研究,2013,26(4):32-37.Wang H.Research progress and development trend of tree seed orchard[J].World Forestry Research,2013,26(4):32-37.
5 .蒙宽宏,张文达.长白落叶松半同胞子代测定及优良家系的选择[J].林业勘查设计,2014(3):62-64.Meng K H,Zhang W D.The half-sib progeny test and selection of good families in Larix olgensis[J].Forest Investigation Design,2014(3):62-64.
6 .吴子欢,邓桂香.黑荆树半同胞子代林幼林测定及优良家系初步选择[J].种子,2010,29(03):105-108.Wu Z H,Deng G X.Primary test in a half-sib progeny of Acacia mearnsii De wild and superior family selection[J].Seed,2010,29(3):105-108.
7 .周长富,陈宏伟,李桐森,等.思茅松优树半同胞子代测定林优良家系选择[J].福建林业科技,2008,35(3):60-66.Zhou C F,Chen H W,Li T S,et al.Fine families selecting in half-sib progeny of plus-tree of Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis[J].Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology,2008,35(3):60-66.
8 .王继志,黄英山,张光林,等.长白落叶松种子园优良无性系的选择及其主要性状的相关分析[J].吉林林业科技,1990(3):8-11.Wang J Z,Huang Y S,Zhang G L,et al.Important traits correlation analyses and excellent clones selection in seed orchard of Larix olgensis[J].Journal of Jilin Forestry Science and Technology,1990(3):8-11.
9 .黄德龙.柳桉家系适应性试验与遗传变异分析[J].山地农业生物学报,2008,27(3):207-212.Huang D L.Study on adapt ability and genetic variation of Eucalyptus saligna families[J].Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology,2008,27(3):207-212.
10 .赵曦阳.白杨杂交试验与杂种无性系多性状综合评价[D].北京:北京林业大学,2010.Zhao X Y.Study on hybridization and evaluation of multiple characters of hybrid clones in Chinese white poplar[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2010.
11 .梁德洋,金允哲,赵光浩,等.50个红松无性系生长与木材性状变异研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(6):51-59.Liang D Y,Jin Y Z,Zhao G H,et al.Variance analyses of growth and wood characteristics of 50 Pinus koraiensis clones[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2016,38(6):51-59.
12 .张有慧,解孝满,李景涛,等.毛白杨无性系多性状综合分析[J].山东林业科技,2008,38(2):31-33.Zhang Y H,Xie X M,Li J T,et al.Multi-characteristic comprehensive analysis of Populus tomentosa clones[J].Shandong Forestry Science and Technology,2008,38(2):31-33.
13 .续九如.林木数量遗传学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:31-35.Xu J R.Trees quantitative genetics[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006:31-35.
14 .Hansen J K,Roulund H.Genetic parameters for spiral grain,stem form,pilodyn and growth in 13 years old clones of Sitka Spruce(Picea sitchensis(Bong.)CARR.)[J].Silvae Genetica,1996,46(2-3):107-113.
15 .Burdon R.Genetic correlation as a concept for studying genotype-environment interaction in forest tree breeding[J].Silvae Genetica,1977,26:168-175.
16 .Pliura A,Zhang S Y,Mackay J,et al.Genotypic variation in wood density and growth traits of poplar hybrids at four clonal trials[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2007,238(1-3):92-106.
17 .赵凯歌.用形态标记和分子标记研究蜡梅栽培种质的遗传多样性[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2007.Zhao K G.Studies on genetic diversity of cultivated Chimonanthus praecox using morphological and molecular markers[D].Wuhan:Huangzhong Agricultural University,2007.
18 .Xia H,Zhao G H,Zhang L S,et al.Genetic and variation analyses of growth traits of half-sib Larix olgensis families in northeast China[J].Euphytica,2016,212(3):387-397.
19 .尹绍鹏,赵国辉,夏辉,等.长白落叶松半同胞子代测定研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2016,36(1):63-68.Yin S P,Zhao G H,Xia H,et al.Study on progeny test of half-sibs families in Larix olgensis[J].Journal of Southwest Forestry University,2016,36(1):63-68.
20 .Da Silva F F,Pereira M G,Ramos H C C,et al.Selection and estimation of the genetic gain in segregating generations of papaya(Carica papaya L.)[J].Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology,2008,8(1):1-8.
21 .朱之悌.林木遗传学基础[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1990:190-191.Zhu Z T.Forest genetic basis[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,1990:190-191.
22 .李艳霞.长白落叶松优树子代生长与材质的遗传变异及多性状联合选择[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2012.Li Y X.The genetic variation and multi-trait associated selection of the growth traits and material quality traits of the excellent progenies of Larix olgensis[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2012.
23 .秦桂珍.23年生长白落叶松半同胞家系子代测定及优良家系的选择[J].黑龙江生态工程职业学院学报,2011(6):7-8.Qin G Z.Study on progeny test and excellent families selected of half-sibs Larix olgensis families in 23 years old[J].Journal of Heilongjiang Vocational Institute of Ecological Engineering,2011(6):7-8.
24 .Mwase W F,Savill P S,Hemery G.Genetic parameter estimates for growth and form traits in common ash(Fraxinus excelsior L.)in a breeding seedling orchard at Little Wittenham in England[J].New Forests,2008,36(3):225-238.
25 .李自敬,李雪峰,张含国,等.长白落叶松优良家系选择的研究[J].林业科技,2008,33(4):1-4.Li Z J,Li X F,Zhang H G,et al.Study on selection of superior families of Larix olgensis[J].Forestry Science&Technology,2008,33(4):1-4.
26 .满文慧,崔雅君,李国林.天然长白松干形的研究[J].吉林林业科技,2006,35(6):21-25.Man W H,Cui Y J,Li G L.Study on the stem form of natural Pinus sylvestris var.sylvestriformis[J].Jilin Forestry Science and Technology,2006,35(6):21-25.
27 .陈东来,秦淑英.树皮厚度、树皮材积与直径和树高相关关系的研究[J].河北林学院学报,1994,9(3):248-250.Chen D L,Qin S Y.Studies on correlation of thickness and volume of tree bark to trunk diameter and height[J].Journal of Hebei Forestry College,1994,9(3):248-250.
28 .罗建中,Arnold R,项东云,等.邓恩桉生长、木材密度和树皮厚度的遗传变异研究[J].林业科学研究,2009,22(6):758-764.Luo J Z,Arnold R,Xiang D Y,et al.Genetic variation in growth,wood density and bark thickness of Eucalyptus dunnii[J].Forest Research,2009,22(6):758-764.
29 .白奕.多指标综合评价的主成分分析模型及原理[J].陕西师范大学学报:自然科学版,1998,26(2):109-110.Bai Y.Model and theory of main-portion analysis used in comprehensive evaluation of multiple targets[J].Journal of Shaanxi Normal University:Natural Science Edition,1998,26(2):109-110.
30 .贺成林.毛白杨新无性系苗期性状对比研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2004.He C L.Comparative analyses on seedling traits of new Populus tomentosa clones[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2004.
31 .陈兴彬,吴德军,杨克强.油松苗期生长性状分析及选择因子的确定[J].山东林业科技,2011,41(6):5-9.Chen X B,Wu D J,Yang K Q.Growth traits analysis and selective factors determination of seedling of Pinus tabulaeformis[J].Journal of Shandong Forestry Science and Technology,2011,41(6):5-9.
32 .刘永红,杨培华,樊军锋,等.油松优良家系多性状选择方法研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2006,34(12):115-120.Liu Y H,Yang P H,Fan J F,et al.Multi-characteristic selection methods of superior families of Pinus tabuleaformis Carr[J].Journal of Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry:Natural Science Edition,2006,34(12):115-120.
33 .王洪梅,刘国军,丰庆义,等.长白落叶松半同胞子代遗传增益分析[J].林业科技,2011,36(6):1-4.Wang H M,Liu G J,Feng Q Y,et al.Genetic gain analysis on half-sibs progenies of Larix olgensis[J].Forestry Science&Technology,2011,36(6):1-4.
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