中国海及邻近区域碳库与通量综合分析
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摘要
中国海总面积约470万平方公里,纵跨热带、亚热带、温带、北温带等多个气候带.其中,南海北依"世界第三极"青藏高原、南邻"全球气候引擎"西太平洋暖池,东海拥有全球最宽的陆架之一,跨陆架物质运输显著,黄海是冷暖流交汇区域,渤海则是受人类活动高度影响的内湾浅海.中国海内有长江、黄河、珠江等大河输入,外邻全球两大西边界流之一的黑潮.这些鲜明的特色赋予了中国海碳储库和通量研究的典型代表意义.文章从不同海区(渤海、黄海、东海、南海)、不同界面(陆-海、海-气、水柱-沉积物、边缘海-大洋等),以及不同生态系统(红树林、盐沼湿地、海草床、海藻养殖、珊瑚礁、水柱生态系统等)多层面对海洋碳库与通量进行了较系统地综合分析,初步估算了各个碳库的储量与不同碳库间的通量.就海气通量而言,渤海向大气中释放CO_2约0.22Tg Ca~(-1),黄海吸收CO_2约1.15Tg Ca~(-1),东海吸收CO_2约6.92～23.30Tg Ca~(-1),南海释放CO_2约13.86～33.60Tg Ca~(-1).如果仅考虑海-气界面的CO_2交换,中国海总体上是大气CO_2的"源",净释放量约6.01～9.33Tg Ca~(-1).这主要是由于河流输入以及邻近大洋输入所致.河流输入渤黄海、东海、南海的溶解无机碳(DIC)分别为5.04、14.60和40.14Tg Ca~(-1),而邻近大洋输入DIC更是高达144.81Tg Ca~(-1),远超中国海向大气释放的碳量.渤海、黄海、东海、南海的沉积有机碳通量分别为2.00、3.60、7.40、7.49Tg Ca~(-1).东海和南海向邻近大洋输送有机碳通量分别为15.25～36.70和43.39Tg Ca~(-1).就生态系统而言,中国沿海红树林、盐沼湿地、海草床有机碳埋藏通量为0.36Tg Ca~(-1),海草床溶解有机碳(DOC)输出通量为0.59Tg Ca~(-1);中国近海海藻养殖移出碳通量0.68Tg Ca~(-1),沉积和DOC释放通量分别为0.14和0.82Tg Ca~(-1).总计,中国海有机碳年输出通量为81.72～103.17Tg Ca~(-1).中国海的有机碳输出以DOC形式为主,东海向邻近大洋输出的DOC通量约15.00～35.00Tg Ca~(-1),南海输出约31.39Tg Ca~(-1).综上,尽管从海-气通量看中国海是大气CO_2的"源",但考虑了河流、大洋输入、沉积输出以及微型生物碳泵(DOC转化输出)作用后,中国海是重要的储碳区.需要指出的是,文章数据是基于中国海各海区碳循环研究报道,鉴于不同研究方法上的差异,所得数据难免有一定的误差范围,亟待将来统一方法标准下的更多深入研究和分析.
引文
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