500kV柔性直流电网直流断路器操作过电压研究
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摘要
我国正在建设的张北±500k V柔性直流电网工程将采用混合式直流断路器与架空线相配合的技术方案,然而混合式直流断路器的运行特性尚不清楚。本文以张北柔性直流电网工程为背景,搭建了含混合式直流断路器在内的柔性直流电网模型,整定了故障保护策略,研究了换流站在典型故障下,柔性直流电网操作过电压的规律及机理。研究结果表明:故障保护对柔性直流电网操作过电压的影响与故障位置高度相关;线路发生故障时,故障保护将显著增大换流站大部分关键节点的过电压;直流断路器与电抗器之间发生接地故障,北京站换流站出线电压最大值由11.6 kV增至949.7 kV (标幺值为1.9);阀厅内发生故障时,故障保护将显著降低换流站大部分关键节点过电压最大值;换流变阀侧三相接地,北京站换流器端间过电压最大值降低了56.3%。基于过电压计算的结果,得出了避雷器配置方案和设备保护水平,为高压直流断路器的应用和柔性直流换流站设计提供参考依据。
The overhead transmission lines with DC circuit breakers will be used in the Zhangbei ±500 kV VSC-based DC grid project which is under construction. However, the operating characteristics of DC circuit breakers are still not clear. Based on the Zhangbei VSC-based DC grid project, a detailed hybrid DC circuit breaker model and the fault protection strategy were built in this paper, then the influence rules and mechanisms of switching overvoltage were studied. The results indicate that the fault protection changes the switching overvoltage, which is related to the fault location. For the faults on line, fault protection will increase the maximum overvoltage, especially for the grounding faults between DC circuit breakers and line reactors whose maximum overvoltage of the Beijing Station is increased from 11.6 kV to 949.7 kV(1.9 p.u.). Whereas,for the faults in the converter station, the results are opposite. For the three-phase grounding faults at the converter valve side, the maximum overvoltage of the Beijing Station is reduced by 56.3%. Based on the overvoltage calculation results, the arrester configuration scheme and equipment protection level are obtained, which can provide references for the application of DC circuit breakers and design of VSC-based DC converter stations.
The overhead transmission lines with DC circuit breakers will be used in the Zhangbei ±500 kV VSC-based DC grid project which is under construction. However, the operating characteristics of DC circuit breakers are still not clear. Based on the Zhangbei VSC-based DC grid project, a detailed hybrid DC circuit breaker model and the fault protection strategy were built in this paper, then the influence rules and mechanisms of switching overvoltage were studied. The results indicate that the fault protection changes the switching overvoltage, which is related to the fault location. For the faults on line, fault protection will increase the maximum overvoltage, especially for the grounding faults between DC circuit breakers and line reactors whose maximum overvoltage of the Beijing Station is increased from 11.6 kV to 949.7 kV(1.9 p.u.). Whereas,for the faults in the converter station, the results are opposite. For the three-phase grounding faults at the converter valve side, the maximum overvoltage of the Beijing Station is reduced by 56.3%. Based on the overvoltage calculation results, the arrester configuration scheme and equipment protection level are obtained, which can provide references for the application of DC circuit breakers and design of VSC-based DC converter stations.
引文
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[15]徐政,刘高任,张哲任.柔性直流输电网的故障保护原理研究[J].高电压技术,2017,43(1):1-8.XU Zheng,LIU Gaoren,ZHANG Zheren.Research on fault protection principle of DC grids[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(1):1-8.
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[17]BUCHER M K,FRANCK C M.Fault current interruption in multiterminal HVDC networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(1):87-95.
[18]汤广福,罗湘,魏晓光.多端直流输电与直流电网技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(10):8-17.TANG Guangfu,LUO Xiang,WEI Xiaoguang.Multi-terminal HVDCand DC-grid technology[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(10):8-17.
[19]LIU G R,XU F,XU Z,et al.Assembly HVDC breaker for HVDCgrids with modular multilevel converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,32(2):931-941.
[20]周万迪,魏晓光,高冲,等.基于晶闸管的混合型无弧高压直流断路器[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(18):2990-2996.ZHOU Wandi,WEI Xiaoguang,GAO Chong,et al.Thyristor based hybrid arc-less high voltage direct current circuit breaker[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(18):2990-2996.
[21]朱晋,刘单华,尹靖元,等.基于模块级联技术的混合型高压直流断路器研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(5):1560-1567.ZHU Jin,LIU Danhua,YIN Jingyuan,et al.Research on hybrid DCbreaker based on modular cascaded structure[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(5):1560-1567.
[22]SNEATH J and RAJAPAKSE A.Fault detection and interruption in an earthed HVDC grid using ROCOV and hybrid DC breakers[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(3):973-981.
[23]杜翼,江道灼,郑欢,等.基于电力电子复合开关的限流式混合直流断路器参数设计[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(11):88-95.DU Yi,JIANG Daozhuo,ZHENG Huan,et al.Parameter designing of current limiting DC hybrid circuit breaker based on combinatorial electronic switch[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(11):88-95.
[24]朱童,余占清,曾嵘,等.混合式直流断路器模型及其操作暂态特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(1):18-30.ZHU Tong,YU Zhanqing,ZENG Rong,et al.Transient model and operation characteristics researches of hybrid DC circuit breaker[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(1):18-30.
[25]丁骁,汤广福,韩民晓,等.柔性直流电网用混合式高压直流断路器特征参数提取及应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(1):309-319.DING Xiao,TANG Guangfu,HAN Mingxiao,et al.Characteristic parameters extraction and application of the hybrid DC circuit breaker in MMC-HVDC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(1):309-319.
[26]AHMED N,?NGQUIST L,MELIMOOD S,et al.Efficient modeling of an MMC-based multiterminal DC system employing hybrid HVDCbreakers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2015,30(4):1792-1801.
[27]李英彪,卜广全,王姗姗,等.张北柔直电网工程直流线路短路过程中直流过电压分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(12):3391-3399.LI Yingbiao,BU Guangquan,WANG Shanshan,et al.Analysis of DCovervoltage caused by DC short-circuit fault in Zhangbei VSC-based DC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(12):3391-3399.
[28]魏晓光,高冲,罗湘,等.柔性直流输电网用新型高压直流断路器设计方案[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(15):95-102.WEI Xiaoguang,GAO Chong,LUO Xiang,et al.A novel design of high-voltage DC circuit breaker in HVDC flexible transmission grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(15):95-102.
[29]GNANARATHNA U N,GOLE A M,JAYASINGHE R P.Efficient modeling of modular multilevel HVDC converters(MMC)on electromagnetic transient simulation programs[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2010,26(1):316-324.
[30]许建中.模块化多电平换流器电磁暂态高效建模方法研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2014.XU Jianzhong.Research on the electromagnetic transient efficient modeling method of modular multilevel converter[D].Beijing,China:North China Electric Power University,2014.
[2]孙栩,曹士冬,卜广全,等.架空线柔性直流电网构建方案[J].电网技术,2016,40(3):678-682.SUN Xu,CAO Shidong,BU Guangquan,et al.Construction scheme of overhead line flexible HVDC grid[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(3):678-682.
[3]徐政,薛英林,张哲任.大容量架空线柔性直流输电关键技术及前景展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(29):5051-5062.XU Zheng,XUE Yinglin,ZHANG Zheren.VSC-HVDC technology suitable for bulk power overhead line transmission[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(29):5051-5062.
[4]陈名,饶宏,李立浧,等.南澳柔性直流输电系统主接线分析[J].南方电网技术,2012,6(6):1-5.CHEN Ming,RAO Hong,LI Licheng,et al.Analysis on the main wiring of Nan’ao VSC-HVDC transmission system[J].Southern Power System Technology,2012,6(6):1-5.
[5]裘鹏,黄晓明,王一,等.高压直流断路器在舟山柔直工程中的应用[J].高电压技术,2018,44(2):403-408.QIU Peng,HUANG Xiaoming,WANG Yi,et al.Application of high voltage DC circuit breaker in Zhoushan VSC-HVDC transmission project[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(2):403-408.
[6]YANG J,FLETCHER J E,O'REILLY J.Short-circuit and ground fault analyses and location in VSC-based DC network cables[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2012,59(10):3827-3837.
[7]王姗姗,周孝信,汤广福,等.模块化多电平换流器HVDC直流双极短路子模块过电流分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(1):1-7.WANG Shanshan,ZHOU Xiaoxin,TANG Guangfu,et al.Analysis of submodule overcurrent caused by DC pole-to-pole fault in modular multilevel converter HVDC system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(1):1-7.
[8]HAN X,SIMA W X,YANG M,et al.Transient characteristics under ground and short-circuit faults in a±500 kV MMC-based HVDC system with hybrid DC circuit breakers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2018,33(3):1378-1387.
[9]李泓志,贺之渊,杨杰,等.模块化多电平换流器操作过电压分析[J].高电压技术,2017,43(4):1144-1151.LI Hongzhi,HE Zhiyuan,YANG Jie,et al.Switching overvoltage analysis for modular multilevel converters[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(4):1144-1151.
[10]孙栩,陈绍君,黄霆,等.±500 kV架空线柔性直流电网操作过电压研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(5):1498-1502.SUN Xu,CHEN Shaojun,HUANG Ting,et al.Switching overvoltage research of±500 kV flexible HVDC grid with overhead line[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(5):1498-1502.
[11]赵成勇,李探,俞露杰,等.MMC-HVDC直流单极接地故障分析与换流站故障恢复策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(21):3518-3526.ZHAO Chengyong,LI Tan,YU Lujie,et al.DC pole-to-ground fault characteristic analysis and converter fault recovery strategy of MMC-HVDC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(21):3518-3526.
[12]LI X Q,SONG Q,LIU W H,et al.Protection of nonpermanent faults on DC overhead[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(1):483-490.
[13]李斌,李晔,何佳伟.基于模块化多电平换流器的直流系统故障处理方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(7):1944-1950.LI Bin,LI Ye,HE Jiawei.DC fault handling scheme for the MMC-based DC system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(7):1944-1950.
[14]郭晓茜,崔翔,齐磊.架空线双极MMC-HVDC系统直流短路故障分析和保护[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(8):2177-2184.GUO Xiaoqian,CUI Xiang,QI Lei.DC short-circuit fault analysis and protection for the overhead line bipolar MMC-HVDC system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(8):2177-2184.
[15]徐政,刘高任,张哲任.柔性直流输电网的故障保护原理研究[J].高电压技术,2017,43(1):1-8.XU Zheng,LIU Gaoren,ZHANG Zheren.Research on fault protection principle of DC grids[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(1):1-8.
[16]李泓志,吴文宣,贺之渊,等.高压大容量柔性直流输电系统绝缘配合[J].电网技术,2016,40(6):1903-1908.LI Hongzhi,WU Wenxuan,HE Zhiyuan,et al.Insulation coordination for the high-voltage bulk power transmission VSC-HVDC systems[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(6):1903-1908.
[17]BUCHER M K,FRANCK C M.Fault current interruption in multiterminal HVDC networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(1):87-95.
[18]汤广福,罗湘,魏晓光.多端直流输电与直流电网技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(10):8-17.TANG Guangfu,LUO Xiang,WEI Xiaoguang.Multi-terminal HVDCand DC-grid technology[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(10):8-17.
[19]LIU G R,XU F,XU Z,et al.Assembly HVDC breaker for HVDCgrids with modular multilevel converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,32(2):931-941.
[20]周万迪,魏晓光,高冲,等.基于晶闸管的混合型无弧高压直流断路器[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(18):2990-2996.ZHOU Wandi,WEI Xiaoguang,GAO Chong,et al.Thyristor based hybrid arc-less high voltage direct current circuit breaker[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(18):2990-2996.
[21]朱晋,刘单华,尹靖元,等.基于模块级联技术的混合型高压直流断路器研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(5):1560-1567.ZHU Jin,LIU Danhua,YIN Jingyuan,et al.Research on hybrid DCbreaker based on modular cascaded structure[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(5):1560-1567.
[22]SNEATH J and RAJAPAKSE A.Fault detection and interruption in an earthed HVDC grid using ROCOV and hybrid DC breakers[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(3):973-981.
[23]杜翼,江道灼,郑欢,等.基于电力电子复合开关的限流式混合直流断路器参数设计[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(11):88-95.DU Yi,JIANG Daozhuo,ZHENG Huan,et al.Parameter designing of current limiting DC hybrid circuit breaker based on combinatorial electronic switch[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(11):88-95.
[24]朱童,余占清,曾嵘,等.混合式直流断路器模型及其操作暂态特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(1):18-30.ZHU Tong,YU Zhanqing,ZENG Rong,et al.Transient model and operation characteristics researches of hybrid DC circuit breaker[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(1):18-30.
[25]丁骁,汤广福,韩民晓,等.柔性直流电网用混合式高压直流断路器特征参数提取及应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(1):309-319.DING Xiao,TANG Guangfu,HAN Mingxiao,et al.Characteristic parameters extraction and application of the hybrid DC circuit breaker in MMC-HVDC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(1):309-319.
[26]AHMED N,?NGQUIST L,MELIMOOD S,et al.Efficient modeling of an MMC-based multiterminal DC system employing hybrid HVDCbreakers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2015,30(4):1792-1801.
[27]李英彪,卜广全,王姗姗,等.张北柔直电网工程直流线路短路过程中直流过电压分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(12):3391-3399.LI Yingbiao,BU Guangquan,WANG Shanshan,et al.Analysis of DCovervoltage caused by DC short-circuit fault in Zhangbei VSC-based DC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(12):3391-3399.
[28]魏晓光,高冲,罗湘,等.柔性直流输电网用新型高压直流断路器设计方案[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(15):95-102.WEI Xiaoguang,GAO Chong,LUO Xiang,et al.A novel design of high-voltage DC circuit breaker in HVDC flexible transmission grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(15):95-102.
[29]GNANARATHNA U N,GOLE A M,JAYASINGHE R P.Efficient modeling of modular multilevel HVDC converters(MMC)on electromagnetic transient simulation programs[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2010,26(1):316-324.
[30]许建中.模块化多电平换流器电磁暂态高效建模方法研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2014.XU Jianzhong.Research on the electromagnetic transient efficient modeling method of modular multilevel converter[D].Beijing,China:North China Electric Power University,2014.