台风“尼伯特”的电离层扰动分析
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摘要
针对台风运动过程中大气层与电离层的耦合效应问题,该文采用总电子含量与电子密度数据分析了台风"尼伯特"达到最大风速时刻的电离层变化情况。结果显示在台风达到最大时刻的当天,风眼处电离层电子含量显著降低,在台风附近的IGS测站处也有明显的电子含量负异常出现。电子含量异常空间分布图显示最大异常区域位于风眼的南侧,表明台风边缘处的电离层异常幅度要大于风眼处的异常幅度。电子密度三维模型显示在250～350km高度上,风眼附近有显著电子密度减弱现象,尤其在300km高度上,异常幅度达到-6～-8×105 el/cm3。诸多证据表明此次电子含量负异常与台风"尼伯特"造成的大气层-电离层耦合效应有关,这可为以后的台风-电离层扰动研究提供一定的参考。
According to the atmosphere-ionosphere coupling effect in the movement of powerful typhoons,the TEC(total electron content)and electron density data are utilized to analyze the ionospheric variations during the process of great typhoon "Nepartak".The results show that the ionosphere TEC decreases significantly in the day when the typhoon attains the largest wind speed,the negative TEC anomalies are also observed over the IGS(International GNSS Services)stations near "Nepartak"typhoon.The spatial distribution maps of TEC anomalies indicate that the maximum anomaly appear in the south side of typhoon eye,which means the magnitude of TEC anomalies at the edge of typhoon is larger than that in the eye.The reconstructed three-dimensional electric density model shows the obvious decrements of electric density appear in the vicinity of storm eye in the altitude of 250～350 km,especially in the 300 km,the anomalous magnitude is about-6 ～-8×105 el/cm3.Many evidences show the negative anomalies are associated with the atmosphere-ionosphere coupling effect caused by "Nepartak"typhoon,which will provide a reference in the study of typhoon-ionospheric effect in the future.
According to the atmosphere-ionosphere coupling effect in the movement of powerful typhoons,the TEC(total electron content)and electron density data are utilized to analyze the ionospheric variations during the process of great typhoon "Nepartak".The results show that the ionosphere TEC decreases significantly in the day when the typhoon attains the largest wind speed,the negative TEC anomalies are also observed over the IGS(International GNSS Services)stations near "Nepartak"typhoon.The spatial distribution maps of TEC anomalies indicate that the maximum anomaly appear in the south side of typhoon eye,which means the magnitude of TEC anomalies at the edge of typhoon is larger than that in the eye.The reconstructed three-dimensional electric density model shows the obvious decrements of electric density appear in the vicinity of storm eye in the altitude of 250～350 km,especially in the 300 km,the anomalous magnitude is about-6 ～-8×105 el/cm3.Many evidences show the negative anomalies are associated with the atmosphere-ionosphere coupling effect caused by "Nepartak"typhoon,which will provide a reference in the study of typhoon-ionospheric effect in the future.
引文
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[18]LI Wang,YUE Jianping,YANG Yang,et al.Analysis ofionospheric disturbances associated with powerful cyclonesin East Asia and North America[J].Journal of Atmos-pheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics,2017,161:43-54.
[2]LI Wang,GUO Jinyun,YU Xuemin,et al.Analysis ofionospheric anomaly preceding the Mw7.3Yutian earth-quake[J].Geodesy and Geodynamics,2014,5(2):54-60.
[3]李旺,郭金运,于学敏,等.由GPS探测的电离层时空变化分析[J].测绘科学技术学报,2014,31(6):561-565.(LI Wang,GUO Jinyun,YU Xuemin,et al.Theperiodic variations of ionosphere based on waveletanalysis of GPS data[J].Journal of Geomatics Scienceand Technology,2014,31(6):561-565.)
[4]BAUER S J.Correlations between tropospheric andionospheric parameters[J].Geofisica Pura E Applicata,1958,40(1):235-240.
[5]HUNG R J,PHAN T,SMITH R E.Observation ofgravity waves during the extreme tornado outbreak of3April 1974[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Terres-trial Physics,1978,40(7):831-843.
[6]RICE D D,SOJKA J J,ECCLES J V,et al.TyphoonMelor and ionospheric weather in the Asian sector:acase study[J].Radio Science,2012,47(4):RS0L05.
[7]LIN J W.Ionospheric total electron content anomaliesdue to Typhoon Nakri on 29 May 2008:a nonlinearprincipal component analysis[J].Computers &Geosciences,2012,46:189-195.
[8]MAO Tian,WANG Jingsong,YANG Guanglin,et al.Effects of typhoon Matsa on ionospheric TEC[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2010,55(8):712-717.
[9]赵莹.GNSS电离层掩星反演技术及应用研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2011.(ZHAO Ying.GNSS ionosphericoccultation inversion and it’s application[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2011.)
[10]姚宜斌,翟长治,孔建,等.2015年尼泊尔地震的震前电离层异常探测[J].测绘学报,2016,45(4):385-395.(YAO Yibin,ZHAI Changzhi,KONG Jian,et al.Thepre-earthquake Ionosphere Anomaly of the 2015NepalEarthquake[J].Acta Geodaetica et CartographicaSinica,2016,45(4):385-395.)
[11]GUO Jinyun,LI Wang,LIU Xin,et al.On TEC anoma-lies as precursor before Mw 8.6Sumatra earthquakeand Mw 6.7Mexico earthquake on April 11,2012[J].Geosciences Journal,2015,19(4):721-730.
[12]GUO Jinyun,LI Wang,YU Hongjuan,et al.Impendingionospheric anomaly preceding the Iquique Mw8.2earthquake in Chile on April 2014[J].GeophysicalJournal International,2015,203(3):1461-1470.
[13]LI Wang,GUO Jinyun,YUE Jianping,et al.Total electroncontent anomalies associated with global VEI4+volcaniceruptions during 2002—2015[J].Journal of Volcanologyand Geothermal Research,2016,325:98-109.
[14]LI Wang,GUO Jinyun,YUE Jianping,et al.Contrastiveresearch of ionospheric precursor anomalies betweenCalbuco volcanic eruption on April 23 and Nepalearthquake on April 25,2015[J].Advances in SpaceResearch,2016,57(10):2141-2153.
[15]BISHOP,R L,APONTE,N,EARLE,G D,et al.Areciboobservations of ionospheric perturbations associatedwith the passage of Tropical Storm Odette[J].Journalof Geophysical Research,2006,111:A11320.
[16]VADAS S L,FRITTS D C.Influence of solar variabilityon gravity wave structure and dissipation in thethermosphere from tropospheric convection[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2006,111:A10S12.
[17]VADAS,S L.Compressible f-plane solutions to bodyforces,heatings,and coolings,and application to theprimary and secondary gravity waves generated by adeep convective plume[J].Journal of GeophysicalResearch,2013,11:2377-2397.
[18]LI Wang,YUE Jianping,YANG Yang,et al.Analysis ofionospheric disturbances associated with powerful cyclonesin East Asia and North America[J].Journal of Atmos-pheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics,2017,161:43-54.