空中交通尾流间隔标准的安全性评估分析
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摘要
为了分析现行尾流间隔的安全性,建立了尾涡安全评估模型,基于国内现行尾流间隔标准,对诱导滚转力矩系数和所需滚转角速度计算数据进行统计,选择所需滚转角速度作为安全性衡量指标。计算分析了气象条件尾涡遭遇严重度的影响,对不同机型类别组合下的所需滚转角速度计算数据进行统计分析。研究结果表明:与滚转力矩系数相比,所需滚转角速度更适合作为尾流安全性的衡量指标;在顶风条件下可适度缩减所需的尾流间隔,提高空管运行效率;不同类别组合下的当量均值可以反映不同类别组合下的安全程度和潜在的间隔缩减潜力,当量标准值则可反映类别中所属机型之间的差异性。
In order to analyze the safety of current wake separation,a safety assessment model of wake vortex was established. Based on the current standard of wake separation,the statistics of induced rolling moment coefficient and required rolling angular velocity were carred out,and the required rolling angular velocity was taken as the measurement index of safety. The influence of the meteorological conditions on the severity of wake vortex was calculated and analyzed,and the statistical analysis was carried out on the calculation data of required rolling angular velocity under different combinations of aircraft type categories. The results showed that compared with the rolling moment coefficient,the required rolling angular velocity was more suitable as the measurement index of wake safety. The required wake separation could be reduced moderately under the headwind condition to improve the operational efficiency of air traffic control. The equivalent mean values under different combinations of categories could reflect the safety degree and the potential reduction capacity of separation under different combinations of categories,while the equivalent standard values could reflect the difference between various aircraft types in a given category.
In order to analyze the safety of current wake separation,a safety assessment model of wake vortex was established. Based on the current standard of wake separation,the statistics of induced rolling moment coefficient and required rolling angular velocity were carred out,and the required rolling angular velocity was taken as the measurement index of safety. The influence of the meteorological conditions on the severity of wake vortex was calculated and analyzed,and the statistical analysis was carried out on the calculation data of required rolling angular velocity under different combinations of aircraft type categories. The results showed that compared with the rolling moment coefficient,the required rolling angular velocity was more suitable as the measurement index of wake safety. The required wake separation could be reduced moderately under the headwind condition to improve the operational efficiency of air traffic control. The equivalent mean values under different combinations of categories could reflect the safety degree and the potential reduction capacity of separation under different combinations of categories,while the equivalent standard values could reflect the difference between various aircraft types in a given category.
引文
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[13]周彬,王雪松,王国玉.飞机尾涡的快速建模方法[J].航空动力学报,2009,24(1):110-115.ZHOU Bin,WANG Xuesong,WANG Guoyu. Fast modeling method for aircraft wake vortices[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power,2009,24(1):110-115.
[14]魏志强,徐肖豪.飞机尾涡流场的建模与仿真计算研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2010,10(4):186-191.WEI Zhiqiang,XU xiaohao. Research on modeling and simulating of flow field for aircraft wake vortex[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2010,10(4):186-191.
[15]韩红蓉,李娜,魏志强.飞机遭遇尾涡的安全性分析[J],交通运输工程学报,2012,12(1):45-49.HAN Hongrong,LI Na,WEI Zhiqiang. Simulating and modeling on aircraft response process when encountering wake vortex[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering[J],2012,12(1):45-49.
[16]魏志强,刘菲,刘薇.翼尖小翼对尾涡安全间隔的影响研究[J].飞行力学,2014,32(2):116-120.WEI Zhiqiang,LIU Fei,LIU Wei. Research on calculating the effect of winglets on aircraft safety spacing of wake vortex[J]. Flight Dynamics,2014,32(2):116-120.
[17] WEI Zhiqiang,LIU Wei. Research on Aircraft Re-categorization Based on Metric Units for Reducing Wake Vortex Separations[C]//WAKE-NET2015 conference,Netherland,2015.
[2]高扬,王向章.基于SPA-Markov的飞行安全态势评估与预测研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2016,12(8):87-91.GAO Yang,WANG Xiangzhang. Research on assessment and prediction of flight safety situation based on SPA-Markov[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2016,12(8):87-91.
[3]张兆宁,高俊霞.自由飞行下基于高斯白噪声的碰撞风险模型[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2014,10(9):176-180.ZHANG Zhaoning,GAO Junxia. Collision risk model based on white Gaussian noise under free flight[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2014,10(9):176-180.
[4] HOLZAPFEL F. Probabilistic two-phase aircraft wake-vortex model:Further development and assessment[J]. Journal of Aircraft,200,43(3):70-78.
[5] PROCTOR F H,NASH N A. Three-phased wake vortex decay[C]//AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference,Toronto,2011.
[6] FRECH M,HOLZPFEL F. A probabilistic prediction scheme for wake vortex evolution in a convective boundary layer[J]. Air Traffic Control Quarterly,2016,10(2):23-42.
[7] PROCTOR F H,HAMILTON D. Evaluation of fast-time wake vortex prediction models[C]//50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting,Orlando,2012.
[8] MATTHEW J,DONALD P. D. Assessment of fase-time wake vortex prediction models using pulsed and continuous wave lidar observations at several different airports[C]//3rd AIAA Atmospheric Space Environments Conference,Honolulu,2011.
[9] SCHWARZ C W,HAHN K U,FISCHENBERG D. Wake encounter severity assessment based on validated aerodynamic interaction models[C]//AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference,Toronto,2010.
[10] VISSCHER I D,LONFILS T,WINCKELMANS G. Fast-time modeling of ground effects on wake vortex transport and decay[J].Journal of Aircraft,2015,50(5):1514-1525.
[11] SPEIJKER L,VIDAL A,BARBARESCO F,et al. ATC-wake:integrated wake vortex safety and capacity system[J]. Journal of Air Traffic Control,2007,49(2007):17-32.
[12] MARQUES J M. On an analytical model of wake vortex separation of aircraft[J]. Aeronautical Journal, 2016, 120(1232):1534-1565.
[13]周彬,王雪松,王国玉.飞机尾涡的快速建模方法[J].航空动力学报,2009,24(1):110-115.ZHOU Bin,WANG Xuesong,WANG Guoyu. Fast modeling method for aircraft wake vortices[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power,2009,24(1):110-115.
[14]魏志强,徐肖豪.飞机尾涡流场的建模与仿真计算研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2010,10(4):186-191.WEI Zhiqiang,XU xiaohao. Research on modeling and simulating of flow field for aircraft wake vortex[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2010,10(4):186-191.
[15]韩红蓉,李娜,魏志强.飞机遭遇尾涡的安全性分析[J],交通运输工程学报,2012,12(1):45-49.HAN Hongrong,LI Na,WEI Zhiqiang. Simulating and modeling on aircraft response process when encountering wake vortex[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering[J],2012,12(1):45-49.
[16]魏志强,刘菲,刘薇.翼尖小翼对尾涡安全间隔的影响研究[J].飞行力学,2014,32(2):116-120.WEI Zhiqiang,LIU Fei,LIU Wei. Research on calculating the effect of winglets on aircraft safety spacing of wake vortex[J]. Flight Dynamics,2014,32(2):116-120.
[17] WEI Zhiqiang,LIU Wei. Research on Aircraft Re-categorization Based on Metric Units for Reducing Wake Vortex Separations[C]//WAKE-NET2015 conference,Netherland,2015.