金精矿生物氧化反应器的离底悬浮及设计优化
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摘要
难处理金精矿的生物氧化浸出过程是一种新型、低污染、清洁的生产工艺。该生物氧化过程是在气液固三相生物搅拌釜反应器中进行的。在气液固三相生物搅拌釜反应器中,离底悬浮状态具有较低剪应力、较低能耗和较高相间传质系数的特点,是保证生物反应持续高效进行的一个优化条件。为了优化设置搅拌桨离底高度以实现生物氧化浸出反应过程的节能和高效,本文提出了一种通用的计算离底悬浮转速的公式,并采用实验数据进行验证。结果表明:针对精金矿体系气液固三相离底悬浮转速的计算误差低于20%,所提出的公式和研究方法能够快速地确定工程设计的优化参数,以实现节能和减少生物浸出的污染。
The bio-oxidation leaching process of the refractory gold concentrate, which proceeds in a gas-liquid-solid stirred bioreactor, is a new type of the lower pollution and cleaner production technology. In gas-liquid-solid stirred bioreactor, the just suspension is the optimal condition for bio-reaction, because of its advantage in the minimum of shear stress and power consumption and the maximum of mass transfer efficiency between phases. In order to save the energy and ensure the bio-reaction efficiency, this paper is devoted to study the optimal location of the impeller. Based on the previous studies, a general formula for calculating the just suspension speed is derived and verified by the experimental data. The results show that the overall errors of the prediction result are less than 20% when the refractory gold concentrate is used as solid phase in gas-liquid-solid three phase flows. The formula and method recommended in this paper can quickly acquire the optimal parameters for engineering design, so that the energy saving and reducing pollution in the bio-leaching of the refractory gold concentrate can be realized.
The bio-oxidation leaching process of the refractory gold concentrate, which proceeds in a gas-liquid-solid stirred bioreactor, is a new type of the lower pollution and cleaner production technology. In gas-liquid-solid stirred bioreactor, the just suspension is the optimal condition for bio-reaction, because of its advantage in the minimum of shear stress and power consumption and the maximum of mass transfer efficiency between phases. In order to save the energy and ensure the bio-reaction efficiency, this paper is devoted to study the optimal location of the impeller. Based on the previous studies, a general formula for calculating the just suspension speed is derived and verified by the experimental data. The results show that the overall errors of the prediction result are less than 20% when the refractory gold concentrate is used as solid phase in gas-liquid-solid three phase flows. The formula and method recommended in this paper can quickly acquire the optimal parameters for engineering design, so that the energy saving and reducing pollution in the bio-leaching of the refractory gold concentrate can be realized.
引文
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[22]AYRANCI I,KRESTA S M.Design rules for suspending concentrated mixtures of solids in stirred tanks[J].Chem Eng Res Des,2011,89(10):1961-1971.
[23]AYRANCI I,KRESTA S M.Critical analysis of Zwietering correlation for solids suspension in stirred tanks[J].Chem Eng Res Des,2014,92(3):413-422.
[24]REWATKAR V B,JOSHI J B.Critical impeller speed for solid suspension in mechanically agitated three-phase reactors.2.Mathematical model[J].Ind Eng Chem Res,1991,30(8):1784-1791.
[25]DUTTA N N,PANGARKAR V G.Critical impeller speed for solid suspension in multi-impeller three phase agitated contactors[J].Can J Chem Eng,1995,73(3):273-283.
[2]BUFFO M M,CORRêA L J,ESPERAN?A M N,CRUZ A JG,FARINAS C S,BADINO A C.Influence of dual-impeller type and configuration on oxygen transfer,power consumption,and shear rate in a stirred tank bioreactor[J].Biochem Eng J,2016,114(10):130-139.
[3]CHISTI Y,JAUREGUI-HAZA J U.Oxygen transfer and mixing in mechanically agitated airlift bioreactors[J].Biochem Eng J,2002,10(2):143-153.
[4]LIU Yu,WANG Ze-Jian,XIA Jian-ye,HARINGA C,LIUYa-ping,CHU Ju,ZHUANG Ying-ping,Zhang Si-liang.Application of Euler-Lagrange CFD for quantitative evaluating the effect of shear force on Carthamus tinctorius L.cell in a stirred tank bioreactor[J].Biochem Eng J,2016,114:209-217.
[5]ZHENG Cheng-hui,HUANG Yi-juan,GUO Jia-shun,CAIRu-yu,ZHENG Hui-dong,LIN Cheng,CHEN Qing-gen.Investigation of cleaner sulfide mineral oxidation technology:Simulation and evaluation of stirred bioreactors for gold-bioleaching process[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2018,192(8):364-375.
[6]ANGST R,KRAUME M.Experimental investigations of stirred solid/liquid systems in three different scales:Particle distribution and power consumption[J].Chem Eng Sci,2006,61(9):2864-2870.
[7]BALDI G,CONTI R,ALARIA E.Complete suspension of particles in mechanically agitated vessels[J].Chem Eng Sci,1978,33(1):21-25.
[8]ZWIETERING T N.Suspending of solid particles in liquid by agitators[J].Chem Eng Sci,1958,8(3):244-253.
[9]DOHI N,TAKAHASHI T,MINEKAWA K,KAWASE Y.Power consumption and solid suspension performance of large-scale impellers in gas-liquid-solid three-phase stirred tank reactors[J].Chem Eng J,2004,97(2/3):103-114.
[10]BAO Yu-yun,HAO Zhi-gang,GAO Zheng-ming,SHILi-tian,SMITH J M,THORPE R B.Gas dispersion and solid suspension in a three-phase stirred tank with multiple impellers[J].Chem Eng Commun,2006,193(7):801-825.
[11]VAN DER WESTHUIZEN A P,DEGLON D A.Solids suspension in a pilot-scale mechanical flotation cell:Acritical impeller speed correlation[J].Miner Eng,2008,21(8):621-629.
[12]GRENVILLE R K,MAK A T C,BROWN D A R.Suspension of solid particles in vessels agitated by axial flow impellers[J].Chem Eng Res Des,2015,100:282-291.
[13]REWATKAR V B,RAGHAVA RAO K S M S,JOSHI J B.Critical impeller speed for solid suspension in mechanically agitated three-phase reactors.1.Experimental part[J].Ind Eng Chem Res,1991,30(8):1770-1784.
[14]DUTTA N N,PANGARKAR V G.Critical impeller speed for solid suspension in multi-impeller agitated contactors:Solid-liquid system[J].Chem Eng Commun,1995,137(1):135-146.
[15]SARAVANAN K,PATWARDBAN A W,JOSHI J B.Critical impeller speed for solid suspension in gas inducing type michanically agitatid contactors[J].Can J Chem Eng,1997,75(8):664-676.
[16]ZHU Yong-gang,WU Jie.Critical impeller speed for suspending solids in aerated agitation tanks[J].Can J Chem Eng,2002,80(4):1-6.
[17]RAGHAVA RAO K S M S,REWATKAR V B,JOSHI J B.Critical impeller speed for solid suspension in mechanically agitated contactors[J].AlChE J,1988,34(8):1332-1340.
[18]BAO Yu-yun,ZHANG Xin-nian,GAO Zheng-ming,CHENLei,CHEN Jian-feng,SMITH J M,KIRKBY N F.Gas dispersion and solid suspension in a hot sparged multi-impeller stirred tank[J].Ind Eng Chem Res,2008,47(6):2049-2055.
[19]CHAPMAN C M,NIENOW A W,COOKE M,MIDDLETON J C.Particle-gas-liquid mixing in stirred vessels.Part III:Three-phase mixing[J].Chem Eng Res Des,1983,61(5):167-181.
[20]WONG C W,WANG J P,HUANG S T.Investigations of fluid dynamics in mechanically stirred aerated slurry reactors[J].Can J Chem Eng,1987,65(3):412-419.
[21]徐魁,戴干策.气-液-固三相体系颗粒完全离底悬浮的临界搅拌转速[J].华东理工大学学报,1996,22(4):369-374.XU Kui,DAI Gan-ce.Studies on the impeller speed of complete suspension of particles for gas-liquid-solid three phases system in stirred vessels[J].Journal of East China University of Science and Technology,1996,22(4):369-374.
[22]AYRANCI I,KRESTA S M.Design rules for suspending concentrated mixtures of solids in stirred tanks[J].Chem Eng Res Des,2011,89(10):1961-1971.
[23]AYRANCI I,KRESTA S M.Critical analysis of Zwietering correlation for solids suspension in stirred tanks[J].Chem Eng Res Des,2014,92(3):413-422.
[24]REWATKAR V B,JOSHI J B.Critical impeller speed for solid suspension in mechanically agitated three-phase reactors.2.Mathematical model[J].Ind Eng Chem Res,1991,30(8):1784-1791.
[25]DUTTA N N,PANGARKAR V G.Critical impeller speed for solid suspension in multi-impeller three phase agitated contactors[J].Can J Chem Eng,1995,73(3):273-283.