全尾砂沉降浓缩试验研究
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摘要
尾砂高效沉降浓缩是全尾砂高浓度充填的核心,随着选矿工艺的改进,尾砂的粒径越来越细小,导致尾砂沉降浓缩愈发困难,而在尾砂浆中加入絮凝剂能够极大地提高尾砂沉降浓缩的效率。针对国内某矿山尾砂颗粒细小、沉降浓缩困难的问题,通过开展沉降浓缩试验,以固体通量和底流浓度作为评价指标,得到沉降浓缩效率最佳的絮凝剂型号、给料浓度和絮凝剂添加量,并研究了给料浓度和絮凝剂添加量对尾砂沉降效率的影响规律。结果表明:最佳絮凝剂型号为HJ70010,最佳给料浓度范围为10%～12%,最佳絮凝剂添加量范围为10～15 g/t;当给料浓度为12%、絮凝剂添加量为15 g/t时,底流浓度达到64.4%,沉降速度为26.2 m/h,固体通量为3.43 t/(h·m~2);随着给料浓度的增加,固体通量呈现先增大后减小的抛物线状变化规律,底流浓度先增大后逐渐趋于稳定;随着絮凝剂添加量的增加,固体通量先增大后趋于稳定,底流浓度呈现先增大后减小的抛物线状变化规律。
Back filling method using unclassified tailings is an effective way to realize green mining of metal mines.Sedimentation and concentration of unclassified tailings is the key technology in the full tailings filling.With the improvement of mineral processing technology,the particle size of tailings gets smaller and smaller,which makes the sedimentation and concentration of tailings more difficult. Adding the flocculant to tailings slurry can greatly improve the sedimentation and concentration of tailings. The type of flocculant,the feeding concentration of tailings slurry and the dosage of flocculant added to tailings slurry are important factors that affect the flocculation and sedimentation efficiency of unclassified tailings,which are usually got from the sedimentation concentration test.Aiming at the problem of fine tailings being hard to concentrate in a domestic mine and using solid flux and bottom flow concentration as evaluation indicators,the sedimentation concentration test was carried out.Using the single factor analysis method,four experiments of the flocculant optimization,the optimal feeding concentration selection,the optimal flocculant unit consumption selection and the standard flocculation sedimentation were carried out in turn to get the parameters of flocculant type,feeding concentration and flocculant unit consumption with the best sedimentation and concentration effect. And the influence rules of feeding concentration and flocculant unit consumption on sedimentation and concentration of tailings was studied.The experiment process is simple and easy to operate,and the result is highly reliable.In the flocculant optimization experiment,four different types of anionic flocculant were chosen and they were domestic HJ63016、HJ70010、AL504 and French SNF6013S. In the optimal feeding concentration selection experiment,the concentration of tailings slurry is 6%,8%,10%,12%,14%,20%,25% and 30% respectively.In optimal flocculant unit consumption selection experiment,the flocculant unit consumption is 5,10,15,20,25,30 g/t. The results show that the optimum flocculant type is HJ70010,the optimum tailings slurry feeding concentration range is 10% ～ 12%,and the optimum flocculant dosage range is 10 ～ 15 g/t.When the tailings slurry feeding concentration is 12%,and the flocculant dosage is 15 g/t,the bottom flow concentration reached 64.4%,the sedimentation rate is 43.7 cm/min,and the solid flux is 3.43 t/(h·m~2).With the increasing of feeding concentration,the solid flux increased first and then decreased with a parabolic change,and the bottom flow concentration increased first and then gradually stabilized. With the increasing of flocculant unit consumption,the solid flux increased first and then gradually stabilized,and the bottom flow concentration increased first and then decreased with a parabolic change.
Back filling method using unclassified tailings is an effective way to realize green mining of metal mines.Sedimentation and concentration of unclassified tailings is the key technology in the full tailings filling.With the improvement of mineral processing technology,the particle size of tailings gets smaller and smaller,which makes the sedimentation and concentration of tailings more difficult. Adding the flocculant to tailings slurry can greatly improve the sedimentation and concentration of tailings. The type of flocculant,the feeding concentration of tailings slurry and the dosage of flocculant added to tailings slurry are important factors that affect the flocculation and sedimentation efficiency of unclassified tailings,which are usually got from the sedimentation concentration test.Aiming at the problem of fine tailings being hard to concentrate in a domestic mine and using solid flux and bottom flow concentration as evaluation indicators,the sedimentation concentration test was carried out.Using the single factor analysis method,four experiments of the flocculant optimization,the optimal feeding concentration selection,the optimal flocculant unit consumption selection and the standard flocculation sedimentation were carried out in turn to get the parameters of flocculant type,feeding concentration and flocculant unit consumption with the best sedimentation and concentration effect. And the influence rules of feeding concentration and flocculant unit consumption on sedimentation and concentration of tailings was studied.The experiment process is simple and easy to operate,and the result is highly reliable.In the flocculant optimization experiment,four different types of anionic flocculant were chosen and they were domestic HJ63016、HJ70010、AL504 and French SNF6013S. In the optimal feeding concentration selection experiment,the concentration of tailings slurry is 6%,8%,10%,12%,14%,20%,25% and 30% respectively.In optimal flocculant unit consumption selection experiment,the flocculant unit consumption is 5,10,15,20,25,30 g/t. The results show that the optimum flocculant type is HJ70010,the optimum tailings slurry feeding concentration range is 10% ～ 12%,and the optimum flocculant dosage range is 10 ～ 15 g/t.When the tailings slurry feeding concentration is 12%,and the flocculant dosage is 15 g/t,the bottom flow concentration reached 64.4%,the sedimentation rate is 43.7 cm/min,and the solid flux is 3.43 t/(h·m~2).With the increasing of feeding concentration,the solid flux increased first and then decreased with a parabolic change,and the bottom flow concentration increased first and then gradually stabilized. With the increasing of flocculant unit consumption,the solid flux increased first and then gradually stabilized,and the bottom flow concentration increased first and then decreased with a parabolic change.
引文
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[13]李欣,郭利杰,杨超.安徽某金矿山全尾砂絮凝沉降试验研究[J].中国矿业,2017,26(增1):326-329.Li Xin,Guo Lijie,Yang Chao.Experimental study on the flocculating settling of unclassified tailings for a gold mine in Anhui Province[J].China Mining Magazine,2017,26(Supp.1):326-329.
[14]张钦礼,刘奇,赵建文.全尾砂絮凝沉降参数预测模型研究[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2016,37(6):875-879.Zhang Qinli,Liu Qi,Zhao Jianwen.Study on the parameters prediction model of flocculating sedimentation of crude tailings[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),2016,37(6):875-879.
[15]刘凯,黄德镛,张明旭,等.大红山铜矿全尾砂絮凝沉降的试验研究[J].中国矿业,2008,17(12):60-63.Liu Kai,Huang Deyong,Zhang Mingxu,et al.Experimental study on all tailings flocculation settling in Dahongshan copper mine[J].China Mining Magazine,2008,17(12):60-63.
[16]柯愈贤,王新民,张钦礼.全尾砂料浆磁化絮凝沉降特性[J].中国有色金属学报,2017,27(2):392-398.Ke Yuxian,Wang Xinmin,Zhang Qinli.Flocculating sedimentation characteristic of pre-magnetized crude tailings slurry[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2017,27(2):392-398.
[17]Rulyov N N,Laskowski J S,Concha F.The use of ultraflocculation in optimization of the experimental flocculation procedures[J].Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing,2011,47:5-16.
[18]Eswaraiah C,Biswal S K,Mishra B K.Settling characteristics of ultrafine iron ore slimes[J].International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials,2012,19(2):95-99.
[19]Addai-Mensah J.Enhanced flocculation and dewatering of clay mineral dispersions[J].Powder Technology,2007,179(1/2):73-78.
[20]Dash M,Dwari R K,Biswal S K,et al.Studies on the effect of flocculant adsorption on the dewatering of iron ore tailings[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2011,173(2):318-325.
[21]Jain V,Tammishetti V,Joshi K,et al.Guar gum as a selective flocculant for the beneficiation of alumina rich iron ore slimes:Density functional theory and experimental studies[J].Minerals Engineering,2017,109:144-152.
[22]赵鑫,郭亚兵.浓缩机设计理论分析及应用[J].太原科技大学学报,2013,34(1):37-41.Zhao Xin,Guo Yabing.Theoretical analysis and application of thickener design[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,2013,34(1):37-41.
[23]郭亚兵,胡钰贤,王守信.沉降-浓缩理论及数学模型[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2014.Guo Yabing,Hu Yuxian,Wang Shouxin.Settlement-Concentration Theory and Mathematical Model[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2014.
[2]吴爱祥,王洪江.金属矿膏体充填理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.Wu Aixiang,Wang Hongjiang.Theory and Technology of Paste Filling in Metal Mine[M].Beijing:Science Press,2015.
[3]于润沧.我国胶结充填工艺发展的技术创新[J].中国矿山工程,2010,39(5):1-3.Yu Runcang.Development and innovation of cemented filling technology in China[J].China Mine Engineering,2010,39(5):1-3.
[4]张钦礼,周登辉,王新民,等.超细全尾砂絮凝沉降实验研究[J].广西大学学报(自然科学版),2013,38(2):451-455.Zhang Qinli,Zhou Denghui,Wang Xinmin,et al.Experimental study on flocculating sedimentation of ultra-fine unclassified tailings[J].Journal of Guangxi University(Natural Science Edition),2013,38(2):451-455.
[5]李立涛,杨志强,王忠红,等.鞍钢矿山超细铁矿全尾砂浆絮凝沉降特性试验[J].矿业研究与开发,2017,37(3):19-23.Li Litao,Yang Zhiqiang,Wang Zhonghong,et al.Experimental study on the flocculation and settling characteristics of the slurry with extra-fine iron total tailings in Angang Mine[J].Mining Research and Development,2017,37(3):19-23.
[6]甘德清,韩亮,刘志义,等.细粒级尾砂絮凝沉降特性研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2017,37(9):31-35.Gan Deqing,Han Liang,Liu Zhiyi,et al.Study on the flocculation settlement characteristics of fine-grained tailings[J].Mining Research and Development,2017,37(9):31-35.
[7]刘志强,程海勇,王贻明,等.絮凝剂对全尾砂沉降性能影响试验研究[J].中国矿山工程,2015,44(1):41-44.Liu Zhiqiang,Chen Haiyong,Wang Yiming,et al.Experimental research of flocculant influence on settlement characteristic of unclassified tailings[J].China Mine Engineering,2015,44(1):41-44.
[8]吴爱祥,周靓,尹升华,等.全尾砂絮凝沉降的影响因素[J].中国有色金属学报,2016,26(2):439-446.Wu Aixiang,Zhou Jing,Yin Shenghua,et al.Influence factors on flocculation sedimentation of unclassified tailings[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2016,26(2):439-446.
[9]周靓,吴爱祥,彭乃兵,等.基于响应曲面法优化全尾砂絮凝沉降实验研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2016,36(7):26-30.Zhou Jing,Wu Aixiang,Peng Naibing,et al.Experimental study on flocculation settlement of unclassified tailings based on response surface methodology[J].Mining Research and Development,2016,36(7):26-30.
[10]焦华喆,王洪江,吴爱祥,等.全尾砂絮凝沉降规律及其机理[J].北京科技大学学报,2010,32(6):702-707.Jiao Huazhe,Wang Hongjiang,Wu Aixiang,et al.Rule and mechanism of flocculation sedimentation of unclassified tailings[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2010,32(6):702-707.
[11]杨超,郭利杰,许文远,等.充填尾砂絮凝沉降规律试验研究[J].黄金,2014,35(6):39-42.Yang Chao,Guo Lijie,Xu Wenyuan,et al.Experimental study on the rule of flocculation sedimentation of filling tailings[J].Gold,2014,35(6):39-42.
[12]王新民,赵建文.全尾砂浆最佳絮凝沉降参数[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(5):1675-1681.Wang Xinmin,Zhao Jianwen.Optimal flocculating sedimentation parameters of unclassified tailings slurry[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2016,47(5):1675-1681.
[13]李欣,郭利杰,杨超.安徽某金矿山全尾砂絮凝沉降试验研究[J].中国矿业,2017,26(增1):326-329.Li Xin,Guo Lijie,Yang Chao.Experimental study on the flocculating settling of unclassified tailings for a gold mine in Anhui Province[J].China Mining Magazine,2017,26(Supp.1):326-329.
[14]张钦礼,刘奇,赵建文.全尾砂絮凝沉降参数预测模型研究[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2016,37(6):875-879.Zhang Qinli,Liu Qi,Zhao Jianwen.Study on the parameters prediction model of flocculating sedimentation of crude tailings[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),2016,37(6):875-879.
[15]刘凯,黄德镛,张明旭,等.大红山铜矿全尾砂絮凝沉降的试验研究[J].中国矿业,2008,17(12):60-63.Liu Kai,Huang Deyong,Zhang Mingxu,et al.Experimental study on all tailings flocculation settling in Dahongshan copper mine[J].China Mining Magazine,2008,17(12):60-63.
[16]柯愈贤,王新民,张钦礼.全尾砂料浆磁化絮凝沉降特性[J].中国有色金属学报,2017,27(2):392-398.Ke Yuxian,Wang Xinmin,Zhang Qinli.Flocculating sedimentation characteristic of pre-magnetized crude tailings slurry[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2017,27(2):392-398.
[17]Rulyov N N,Laskowski J S,Concha F.The use of ultraflocculation in optimization of the experimental flocculation procedures[J].Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing,2011,47:5-16.
[18]Eswaraiah C,Biswal S K,Mishra B K.Settling characteristics of ultrafine iron ore slimes[J].International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials,2012,19(2):95-99.
[19]Addai-Mensah J.Enhanced flocculation and dewatering of clay mineral dispersions[J].Powder Technology,2007,179(1/2):73-78.
[20]Dash M,Dwari R K,Biswal S K,et al.Studies on the effect of flocculant adsorption on the dewatering of iron ore tailings[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2011,173(2):318-325.
[21]Jain V,Tammishetti V,Joshi K,et al.Guar gum as a selective flocculant for the beneficiation of alumina rich iron ore slimes:Density functional theory and experimental studies[J].Minerals Engineering,2017,109:144-152.
[22]赵鑫,郭亚兵.浓缩机设计理论分析及应用[J].太原科技大学学报,2013,34(1):37-41.Zhao Xin,Guo Yabing.Theoretical analysis and application of thickener design[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,2013,34(1):37-41.
[23]郭亚兵,胡钰贤,王守信.沉降-浓缩理论及数学模型[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2014.Guo Yabing,Hu Yuxian,Wang Shouxin.Settlement-Concentration Theory and Mathematical Model[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2014.