羊粪与尾菜配比对高固体厌氧消化性能的影响
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摘要
为考察羊粪与尾菜联合高固体厌氧消化性能,采用批式试验,在初始有机负荷为45 gVS·L~(-1)和中温(37℃)的条件下研究羊粪与尾菜不同挥发性固体(VS)质量配比(1∶0、3∶1、2∶1、1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、0∶1)对厌氧消化性能的影响。结果表明:羊粪与尾菜在3∶1、2∶1、1∶1、1∶2、1∶3的不同配比处理条件下累积VS甲烷产率分别为181.6、158.7、194.2、184.6、197.2 mL·g~(-1)VS,与羊粪单独发酵处理相比,甲烷产率提高7.3%~33.3%,与尾菜单独发酵处理相比,厌氧消化迟滞期(λ)与达到最大VS累积甲烷产量90%所需的时间(T90)分别缩短3.2~5.8 d与2.8~5.4 d。联合厌氧消化协同效应分析表明,除2∶1处理外,羊粪与尾菜不同配比联合高固体厌氧发酵均存在协同作用。在中温高固体厌氧消化工程应用中,建议羊粪与尾菜VS配比为1∶1,设计水力停留时间为20 d,累积VS甲烷产率为194.2 mL·g~(-1)VS。
In order to investigate the effect of the mass ratio of sheep manure to vegetable residues on anaerobic digestion, high-solid anaerobic batch co-digestion of sheep manure and vegetable residues at 1∶0, 3∶1, 2∶1, 1∶1, 1∶2, 1∶3, and 0∶1 ratios was carried out at 37 ℃with initial organic loading of 45 g VS·L~(-1). The results showed that the cumulative methane yields based on volatile solids of sheep manure and vegetable residues at 3∶1, 2∶1, 1∶1, 1∶2, and 1∶3 ratios were 181.6, 158.7, 194.2, 184.6, and 197.2 mL·g~(-1) VS, respectively, which increased by 7.3%~33.3% compared to that with only sheep manure as the substrate. Compared with only vegetable residues as the substrate,the lag periods of anaerobic digestion(λ)and the time to achieve 90% of the maximum cumulative methane yield(T90)were shortened by3.2~5.8 d and 2.8~5.4 d, respectively. Synergistic effect analysis of the anaerobic co-digestion showed that synergistic effects existed between anaerobic co-digestion of sheep manure and vegetable residues at the different mass ratios, except for 2∶1. For practical project application, a 1∶1 substrate mixture of sheep manure to vegetable residues was recommended, as the designed retention time and cumulative methane yield based on volatile solids were 20 d and 194.2 mL·g~(-1) VS, respectively.
In order to investigate the effect of the mass ratio of sheep manure to vegetable residues on anaerobic digestion, high-solid anaerobic batch co-digestion of sheep manure and vegetable residues at 1∶0, 3∶1, 2∶1, 1∶1, 1∶2, 1∶3, and 0∶1 ratios was carried out at 37 ℃with initial organic loading of 45 g VS·L~(-1). The results showed that the cumulative methane yields based on volatile solids of sheep manure and vegetable residues at 3∶1, 2∶1, 1∶1, 1∶2, and 1∶3 ratios were 181.6, 158.7, 194.2, 184.6, and 197.2 mL·g~(-1) VS, respectively, which increased by 7.3%~33.3% compared to that with only sheep manure as the substrate. Compared with only vegetable residues as the substrate,the lag periods of anaerobic digestion(λ)and the time to achieve 90% of the maximum cumulative methane yield(T90)were shortened by3.2~5.8 d and 2.8~5.4 d, respectively. Synergistic effect analysis of the anaerobic co-digestion showed that synergistic effects existed between anaerobic co-digestion of sheep manure and vegetable residues at the different mass ratios, except for 2∶1. For practical project application, a 1∶1 substrate mixture of sheep manure to vegetable residues was recommended, as the designed retention time and cumulative methane yield based on volatile solids were 20 d and 194.2 mL·g~(-1) VS, respectively.
引文
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[21]胡荣笃.用乙酸计量各种脂肪酸时的换算方法[J].中国沼气,1995, 13(2):46-47.HU Rong-du. Conversion of various fatty acids with acetic acid[J].China Biogas, 1995, 13(2):46-47.
[22]宋香育,张克强,房芳,等.工艺措施对猪粪秸秆混合厌氧干发酵产气性能的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2017, 33(11):233-239.SONG Xiang-yu, ZHANG Ke-qiang, FANG Fang, et al. Influences of different technological strategies on performance of anaerobic co-digestion of pig manure with straw in solid-state[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2017, 33(11):233-239.
[23] Vavilina V A, Lokshinaa L Y, Jokelab J P Y. Modeling solid waste decomposition[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2004, 94(1):69-81.
[24] Zhang W Q, Lang Q Q, Wu S B. Anaerobic digestion characteristics of pig manures depending on various growth stages and initial substrate concentrations in a scaled pig farm in Southern China[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2014, 156:63-69.
[25] Zhang W Q, Wei Q Y, Wu S B. Batch anaerobic co-digestion of pig manure with dewatered sewage sludge under mesophilic conditions[J].Applied Energy, 2014, 128:175-183.
[26] Zhang S T, Guo H G, Du L Z. Influence of NaOH and thermal pretreatment on dewatered activated sludge solubilisation and subsequent anaerobic digestion:Focused on high-solid state[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2015, 185:171-177.
[27]路娟娟,张无敌,刘士清,等.羊粪沼气发酵过程中的纤维素酶酶活力与沼气产气量的关系研究[J].可再生能源, 2007, 25(6):40-42.LU Juan-juan, ZHANG Wu-di, LIU Shi-qing, et al. Study on the relation between cellulose activity and methane output during the methane fermentation of goat dung[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2007,25(6):40-42.
[28]宋亚楠,宋梓梅,裴梦富,等.蔬菜类废弃物甲烷发酵的产气潜能及过程特征[J].环境工程学报, 2018, 12(2):645-653.SONG Ya-nan, SONG Zi-mei, PEI Meng-fu, et al. Biogas production potential and process character of methane fermentation of vegetable waste[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2018, 12(2):645-653.
[29]张鸣,高天鹏,常国华,等.猪粪和羊粪与麦秆不同配比中温厌氧发酵研究[J].环境工程学报, 2010, 4(9):2131-2134.ZHANG Ming, GAO Tian-peng, CHANG Guo-hua, et al. Study on mesophylic anaerobic fermentation of different mixture of respective pig and sheep manure with wheat straw[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2010, 4(9):2131-2134.
[30]杜连柱,梁军锋,杨鹏,等.猪粪固体含量对厌氧消化产气性能影响及动力学分析[J].农业工程学报, 2014, 30(24):246-251.DU Lian-zhu, LIANG Jun-feng, YANG Peng, et al. Influence of total solid content on anaerobic digestion of swine manure and kinetic analysis[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2014, 30(24):246-251.
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[32]陈洪章.纤维素生物技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2005.CHEN Hong-zhang. Cellulose biotechnology[M]. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press, 2005.
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[2]孙娟,李东,郑涛,等.微量元素对蔬菜废弃物厌氧消化的促进效果[J].新能源进展, 2018, 6(1):21-25.SUN Juan, LI Dong, ZHENG Tao, et al. Control of trace elements on anaerobic digestion of vegetable waste[J]. Advances in New and Renewable Energy, 2018, 6(1):21-25.
[3]刘战广,朱洪光,王彪,等.粪草比对干式厌氧发酵产沼气效果的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2009, 25(4):130-134.LIU Zhan-guang, ZHU Hong-guang, WANG Biao, et al. Effect of ratios of manure to crop on dry anaerobic digestion for biogas production[J].Transactions of the CSAE, 2009, 25(4):130-134.
[4]王永成,李杰,许宏伟.猪鸡粪便及其不同混合配比厌氧处理性能的研究[J].东北农业大学学报, 2008, 39(7):79-83.WANG Yong-cheng, LI Jie, XU Hong-wei. Study on performance of anaerobic treatment of pig and chicken manure in different proportion[J]. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 2008, 39(7):79-83.
[5] Lehtom?ki A, Huttrnen S, Rinrala J A. Laboratory investigations on codigestion of energy crops and crop residues with cow manure for methane production:Effect of crop to manure ratio[J]. Resources, Conservation&Recycling, 2007, 51(3):591-609.
[6] Wang G, Gavala H N, Skiadas I V, et al. Wet explosion of wheat straw and co-digestion with swine manure:Effect on the methane productivity[J]. Waste Management, 2009, 29(11):2830-2835.
[7] Somayaji D, Kbanna S. Biomethanation of rice and wheat straw[J]. Microbiol Biotechnol, 1994, 10(5):521-523.
[8]楚莉莉.不同原料及配比厌氧发酵产气效果研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2008.CHU Li-li. The anaerobic fermentation biogas production effect of different organic materials and its proportion[D]. Yangling:Northwest A&F University, 2008.
[9]张洪宾,谷洁,孙薇,等.不同原料配比对厌氧发酵过程中产气量VFA和脱氢酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2012, 31(2):422-427.ZHANG Hong-bin, GU Jie, SUN Wei, et al. Effects of different rations of materials on biogas production, VFA and the activity of dehedrogenase during anaerobic process[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2012, 31(2):422-427.
[10]邢杰,尹冬雪,翟宁宁,等.羊粪与麦秆不同配比中温厌氧发酵特性[J].农业环境科学学报, 2014, 33(3):593-599.XING Jie, YIN Dong-xue, ZHAI Ning-ning, et al. Mesophilic anaerobic digestion of sheep manure and wheat straw mixture with different mixing ratios[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2014, 33(3):593-599.
[11]韩文彪,徐霞,赵玉柱,等.城市有机垃圾与羊粪联合厌氧消化产沼气研究[J].中国沼气, 2016, 34(1):25-28.HAN Wen-biao, XU Xia, ZHAO Yu-zhu, et al. Anaerobic co-digestion of municipal organic garbage and sheep manure and its biogas production[J]. China Biogas, 2016, 34(1):25-28.
[12]李木子,孙军德.猪羊粪及其配比发酵沼气试验初报[J].微生物学杂志, 2010, 30(2):95-98.LI Mu-zi, SUN Jun-de. Preliminary report on the biogas fermentation with pig and sheep dung mixed proportion[J]. Journal of Microbiology,2010, 30(2):95-98.
[13] Angelidaki I, Alves M, Bolzonella D, et al. Defining the biomethane potential(BMP)of solid organic wastes and energy crops:A proposed protocol for batch assays[J]. Water Science&Technology, 2009, 59(5):927-934.
[14]国家保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2002.Ministry of Environmental Protection of China. Water and wastewater monitoring analysis method[M]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, 2002.
[15]吕丹丹,席北斗,李秀金,等.不同混合比牛粪玉米秸中温干发酵产沼性能[J].环境工程学报, 2012, 6(6):2055-2060.LüDan-dan, XI Bei-dou, LI Xiu-jin, et al. Mesophilic dry anaerobic digestion biogas performance of different mix ratios of cow manure and corn straw[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2012, 6(6):2055-2060.
[16]周颖,张克强,刘丽丽,等.木质纤维类农林加工废弃物厌氧发酵产甲烷潜力研究[J].可再生能源, 2015, 33(4):586-591.ZHOU Ying, ZHANG Ke-qiang, LIU Li-li, et al. Assessment of biochemical methane potential for lignocellulosic agriculture and forestry processing waste[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2015, 33(4):586-591.
[17]吴晓杰.不同处理方式对青贮饲料质量影响的试验研究[D].北京:中国农业大学, 2005.WU Xiao-jie. Effects of different treatments on fermentation quality of silage[D]. Beijing:China Agricultural University, 2005.
[18]徐美蓉,李晓蓉,李婷.响应面分析优化蒽酮硫酸法测定葡萄叶片中可溶性糖的含量[J].甘肃农业科技, 2017(11):25-29.XU Mei-rong, LI Xiao-rong, LI Ting. Determination of soluble sugar from grape leaves by optimizing of anthrone-sulfuric acid method by response surface methodology[J]. Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology, 2017(11):25-29.
[19]张艳艳,韩秀丽.气相色谱法测定沼气中的甲烷[J].环境工程, 2010, 28(3):113-114.ZHANG Yan-yan, HAN Xiu-li. Determination of methane component in biogas by gas charomatography[J]. Environmental Engineering,2010, 28(3):113-114.
[20]张俊瑜,苏玲玲.不同前处理对气相色谱法测定瘤胃中挥发性脂肪酸的影响[J].草食家畜, 2017(3):30-34.ZHANG Jun-yu, SU Ling-ling. Effects of different pretreatment methods on the determination of volatile fatty acids in rumen by gas chromatography[J]. Grass-Feeding Livestock, 2017(3):30-34.
[21]胡荣笃.用乙酸计量各种脂肪酸时的换算方法[J].中国沼气,1995, 13(2):46-47.HU Rong-du. Conversion of various fatty acids with acetic acid[J].China Biogas, 1995, 13(2):46-47.
[22]宋香育,张克强,房芳,等.工艺措施对猪粪秸秆混合厌氧干发酵产气性能的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2017, 33(11):233-239.SONG Xiang-yu, ZHANG Ke-qiang, FANG Fang, et al. Influences of different technological strategies on performance of anaerobic co-digestion of pig manure with straw in solid-state[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2017, 33(11):233-239.
[23] Vavilina V A, Lokshinaa L Y, Jokelab J P Y. Modeling solid waste decomposition[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2004, 94(1):69-81.
[24] Zhang W Q, Lang Q Q, Wu S B. Anaerobic digestion characteristics of pig manures depending on various growth stages and initial substrate concentrations in a scaled pig farm in Southern China[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2014, 156:63-69.
[25] Zhang W Q, Wei Q Y, Wu S B. Batch anaerobic co-digestion of pig manure with dewatered sewage sludge under mesophilic conditions[J].Applied Energy, 2014, 128:175-183.
[26] Zhang S T, Guo H G, Du L Z. Influence of NaOH and thermal pretreatment on dewatered activated sludge solubilisation and subsequent anaerobic digestion:Focused on high-solid state[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2015, 185:171-177.
[27]路娟娟,张无敌,刘士清,等.羊粪沼气发酵过程中的纤维素酶酶活力与沼气产气量的关系研究[J].可再生能源, 2007, 25(6):40-42.LU Juan-juan, ZHANG Wu-di, LIU Shi-qing, et al. Study on the relation between cellulose activity and methane output during the methane fermentation of goat dung[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2007,25(6):40-42.
[28]宋亚楠,宋梓梅,裴梦富,等.蔬菜类废弃物甲烷发酵的产气潜能及过程特征[J].环境工程学报, 2018, 12(2):645-653.SONG Ya-nan, SONG Zi-mei, PEI Meng-fu, et al. Biogas production potential and process character of methane fermentation of vegetable waste[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2018, 12(2):645-653.
[29]张鸣,高天鹏,常国华,等.猪粪和羊粪与麦秆不同配比中温厌氧发酵研究[J].环境工程学报, 2010, 4(9):2131-2134.ZHANG Ming, GAO Tian-peng, CHANG Guo-hua, et al. Study on mesophylic anaerobic fermentation of different mixture of respective pig and sheep manure with wheat straw[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2010, 4(9):2131-2134.
[30]杜连柱,梁军锋,杨鹏,等.猪粪固体含量对厌氧消化产气性能影响及动力学分析[J].农业工程学报, 2014, 30(24):246-251.DU Lian-zhu, LIANG Jun-feng, YANG Peng, et al. Influence of total solid content on anaerobic digestion of swine manure and kinetic analysis[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2014, 30(24):246-251.
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